Anthu ambiri akamamva 'gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri,' amajambula chinthu chonyezimira, chosachita dzimbiri, komanso moona mtima, chosasinthika. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. Mu shopu yathu, ndi poyambira mafunso zana. giredi iti? Kwa chilengedwe chanji? Kodi mtengo weniweni wa tagi ya 'free-machining' ndi yotani? Ndawonapo zojambula zambiri zomwe zimangokhala 'zopanda utoto' ndipo zimatisiya ife tokha, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera kumutu - kaya ndi makina kapena m'munda. Sichinthu chabe; ndi kudzipereka ku gulu linalake la katundu, ndipo kulakwitsa izo ndi okwera mtengo.
Gulu ndi Blueprint
Simungathe kuyankhula za a gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri popanda kudumphira m'makalasi nthawi yomweyo. 304 motsutsana ndi 316 ndiye nkhondo yapamwamba, koma ndiyosavuta. Tinapanga gulu la ma sensor housings kuchokera ku 304 kamodzi kuti tigwiritse ntchito m'mphepete mwa nyanja. The specs anati 'kusamva dzimbiri.' Zinali, kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Kenako pitting inayamba. Wogulayo anali wokwiya, koma zofotokozera zinali zosamveka. Tikadakhala titabwerera mmbuyo, kunena kuti 316L pakuwonetsa chloride. Tsopano tikupempha pepala la chilengedwe. Sizovuta; ndizokhudza kupanga gawolo kuti lipulumuke ntchito yake.
Ndiye pali machinability nthano. 303 imatchedwa 'free-machining' pazifukwa, koma imabwera ndi malonda. Kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri sikuli bwino ngati 304, ndipo mbali zomwe zimafunikira kuwotcherera, ndi chisankho cholakwika. Timagwiritsa ntchito kukweza kwambiri, zovuta gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imathamanga pomwe sekondi iliyonse pa CNC imawerengera, koma pokhapokha mutatsimikizira kuti palibe kuwotcherera kapena kukhudzana kwambiri ndi mankhwala kumafunika. Ndilo kulinganiza pakati pa kuchita bwino kwa sitolo ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Pamaudindo opsinjika kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri, timapita kumagulu 400 kapena magiredi ouma mvula ngati 17-4PH. Ndi masewera osiyana kwambiri. Kayendetsedwe ka chithandizo cha kutentha ndikofunika kwambiri. Nthawi ina tinali ndi zida za 17-4PH zotulutsa zida zotuluka ndi kuuma kosagwirizana chifukwa ng'anjo yotentha ya ogulitsa inali ndi malo ozizira. Ziwalozo zidadutsa pakuwunika wamba koma zidalephera pakuyesa kutopa. Kodi tikuphunzirapo chiyani? Kuwongolera ndondomeko yonse ya ndondomeko, kapena kugwira ntchito ndi abwenzi omwe amatero, sikungakambirane pazinthu zofunika kwambiri.
Kumene Casting Amakumana ndi Machining
Apa ndipamene makampani omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chozama, monga Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), kukhala ndi malire osiyana. Osati aliyense gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imayamba ngati chipika cholimba pabedi la CNC. Kwa ma geometries ovuta, makamaka omwe ali ndi ndime zamkati kapena mawonekedwe achilengedwe, nkhungu ya chipolopolo kapena kuponya ndalama nthawi zambiri imakhala yanzeru. Mumafika pafupi ndi net-mawonekedwe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuwononga zinthu zochepa komanso nthawi yocheperako yopangira makina. Zaka makumi atatu akuponya zimatanthauza kuti amamvetsetsa momwe angapangire nkhungu kuti achepetse shrinkage porosity mu zosapanga dzimbiri-chilema chofala chomwe chimangowonekera pakuyesa komaliza kapena kuyesa kukanikiza.
The handoff from casting to machining is the make-or-break moment. Kuponyera kumapereka mawonekedwe ovuta, koma makina a CNC amapereka molondola. Ganizirani za matupi a valve kapena makina opopera. Gawo loponyedwa lili ndi njira yoyambira yoyambira; Ntchito ya CNC imapanga malo osindikizira, mabowo a bawuti, ndi malo ololerana zolimba. Ngati njira ziwirizi zili pansi pa denga limodzi, monga ku QSY, akatswiri opanga makinawo amatha kuyankha ku gulu loyambira nthawi yomweyo. Gulu ili likuthamanga kwambiri pazida, kodi tingathe kusintha ma annealing? Kuphatikiza kumeneko kumalepheretsa zinthu zambiri zowonongeka komanso nthawi.
Ndikukumbukira ntchito yokonza zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Wogula amafuna gawo limodzi la 316L lomwe lili ndi madoko angapo ophatikizika. Kuchipera kuchokera ku cholimba kukanakhala kutaya 80%. Tinagwira ntchito ndi gulu lawo pa njira yopangira ndalama. Choyimira choyambirira chinali ndi tsamba laling'ono, ndikutaya mayalidwe a doko. Chifukwa gulu la makina linali mu lupu lomwelo, iwo anasintha kamangidwe kake kuti afotokoze za warpage mu kuponya, kupulumutsa gulu. Linali yankho lomwe limachokera ku kuphatikiza koyima.
Mdyerekezi Mwatsatanetsatane za Machining
Machining zosapanga dzimbiri sikuli ngati Machining wofatsa zitsulo. Zimagwira ntchito-zimawumitsa. Pitani pang'onopang'ono ndi chida chosawoneka bwino, ndipo mukupanga malo olimba omwe angawononge chida chanu chotsatira. Zakudya ndi ma chart a liwiro ndi kalozera, osati bible. Kusankha kozizira ndikofunikira kwambiri. Timatsamira ku zoziziritsa kukhosi zopangira lubricity zapamwamba kuti zikhale zosapanga dzimbiri. Cholinga chake ndikupangitsa kuti chodulidwacho chizizizira ndikutulutsa tchipisi mwachangu kuti mupewe kuwotchereranso ku chogwirira ntchito.
Zida za geometry ndizofunikira. Chowotcha chabwino, m'mphepete mwake, ndi carbide wokutidwa ndizoyenera kwa ife. Koma chifukwa chakuya kwambiri kapena kusokoneza mabala a gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mungafunike chida cholimba kwambiri chokhala ndi gawo lapansi lolimba. Ndi kuyesa kosalekeza. Tili ndi kabati ya zida zoyeserera ndi zolephera za ntchito zina zosapanga dzimbiri. Kabatiyo ndiyofunika kwambiri kuposa buku lililonse.
Ndiye pali nkhawa. Kupanga kolemera kungayambitse kupsinjika kotsalira, kumabweretsa kusokonekera pambuyo pake, makamaka m'zigawo zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala. Timayendera maopaleshoni kuti tiyesetse kuwongolera zovuta izi. Nthawi zina, chiphaso chovuta, chothandizira kuchepetsa nkhawa, ndiye kumaliza ndiyo njira yokhayo yogwirizira kulolerana. Ndizochedwa, koma ndizolondola. Kudumpha sitepeyo kuti mutsimikizire kutembenuka mwachangu kumatanthauza kuti mukhala mukukonzanso gawolo likamazungulira pamzere wa kasitomala.
Kulephera ndi Data Point
Aliyense ali ndi nkhani zankhondo. Mmodzi mwa athu anali ndi ma flange angapo a skid wamankhwala. Anapangidwa bwino kuchokera ku 316L bar stock, adadutsa zoyendera zathu zonse. Patatha mwezi umodzi titakhazikitsa, tinalandira foni: ming'alu ya tsitsi pafupi ndi mabowo a bawuti. Kusanthula kulephera kunawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa chloride stress corrosion. Chilengedwecho chinali ndi ma chloride otentha kwambiri, mphepo yamkuntho yabwino kwambiri. Zolembazo zinali zolondola mwaukadaulo, koma kapangidwe kagawo kameneka kanali ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kumakhala komweko. Kukonzekerako kunali kukonzanso kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwapamwamba komanso kusinthira ku duplex yapamwamba kwambiri ya batch imeneyo. Linali phunziro lankhanza mu kaganizidwe kachitidwe-zinthu, mapangidwe, ndi malo ogwira ntchito ndi dongosolo limodzi.
Kuphunzira kwina kunali ndi kumaliza pamwamba. Wofuna chithandizo amafunikira ma diameter amkati osalala kwambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito ukhondo. Tidakwanitsa kumaliza bwino kwambiri kwa Ra, koma kontrakitala wowongolera ma electropolishing sanachotse nsonga zazing'ono panjira yopangira makina, kusiya malo omwe angakhale mabakiteriya. Tsopano sitinangotchula nambala ya Ra, koma njira yopukutira komanso kutsatizana kwa abrasive pamene ntchitoyo imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Gawoli silinachitike mpaka litagwira ntchito m'dziko lomwe likufuna.
Zolephera izi zimakukakamizani kuti muyang'ane kupyola pa zosindikiza. Amakupangitsani kufunsa mafunso okhumudwitsa msanga. Nchiyani kwenikweni chokhudza? Kutentha kozungulira ndi kotani? Kodi pali kugwedezeka, kusinthasintha, kukhudzana kwa galvanic? Malingaliro awa ndi omwe amalekanitsa gawo lopereka gawo ndi mnzake wopanga. Ndizomwe mumakulitsa zaka 30, monga gulu Mtengo wa QSY angachitire umboni. Ntchito yawo yokhala ndi ma aloyi apadera monga opangidwa ndi faifi tambala m'malo ovuta kwambiri amangolimbitsa izi - chilichonse chili ndi malamulo ake obisika.
The Realistic Finish Line
Kotero, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala wopambana gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri? Sikungogunda miyeso pajambula. Ndi gawo lomwe limapangidwa kuchokera ku giredi yoyenera kwambiri, kudzera m'njira yabwino kwambiri (kaya ndikuponya, makina olimba, kapena osakanizidwa), opangidwa ndi chidziwitso cha zinthu zomwe zimafunikira, ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi cholinga chake. Pamwamba ponyezimira ndi sitepe yomaliza, osati cholinga.
Phindu laopereka kwanthawi yayitali lagona pamalingaliro awa onse. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi wopanga makina omwe amachitiranso bwino, monga nkhungu yophatikizika ya chipolopolo, kuponya ndalama, ndi ntchito zamakina za CNC zomwe zimaperekedwa, sikuti mukungogula nthawi yamakina. Mukugula nkhokwe yawo yosungiramo zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi zomwe sizimagwira - chotengera chawo cha zida zomwe zidalephera, zolemba zawo zotulutsa kutentha, kukumbukira kwawo komwe kapangidwe kake kamasweka.
Pamapeto pake, gawo pa alumali ndi chinthu chabe. Chidziwitso cha momwe mungapangire modalirika komanso mwachuma, mobwerezabwereza, pansi pa zochitika zenizeni za dziko lapansi, ndizo mankhwala enieni. Ndicho chimene ife tonse tikugulitsa kwenikweni. Chopanda banga ndi canvas basi.
