Mukamva 'tilt gravity die casting', chithunzi choyamba chomwe chimatuluka nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosalala, chokhazikika chothira zitsulo zopanda cholakwika. Kunena zoona, ndi zambiri zolamulidwa, dala nsonga. Lingaliro lalikulu ndi losavuta: m'malo motaya chitsulo chosungunuka molunjika pansi, mumapendekera nkhungu kuti chitsulocho chidzaze pang'onopang'ono, kuchepetsa chipwirikiti. Koma apa ndipamene chiphunzitsocho chimakumana ndi malo ogulitsira - kupeza liwiro lopendekeka komanso ngodya yoyenera pagawo lovuta, makamaka ndi ma alloys ovuta, ndipamene fumbi lazaka zambiri limasungidwa.
Makina Opendekeka ndi Chifukwa Chake Sichitsiru Chabe
Tiyeni tiphwanye 'kupendekeka'. Sizokhudza makina apamwamba, ngakhale alipo. Ndi kulamulira kutsogolo zitsulo. Mu ochiritsira mphamvu yokoka kutsanulira, inu kupeza mathithi kwenikweni. Kwa china chake chonga nyumba yopyapyala yokhala ndi mipanda yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndiye njira yopangira ma oxide inclusions ndi kuthamanga kwa nkhungu. Njira yopendekeka imalola chitsulo kukwera khoma la patsekeke. Ganizirani zothira mowa pang'onopang'ono motsutsana ndi kuwuthira mkati. Woyamba amakupatsani mutu wabwino, wotsirizira wosokoneza. M'mawu achitsulo, 'mutu' wabwinoko umatanthawuza kutsika kwa mpweya wocheperako komanso kapangidwe kambewu kambewu.
Ndimakumbukira ntchito yomwe tidagwira zaka zapitazo yopangira chopopera chopopera mu duplex chosapanga dzimbiri. Makasitomala anali ndi vuto la shrinkage porosity pakatikati pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe. Tinakangana njira yopendekeka. Kukayikira koyambirira kunali pafupi nthawi yozungulira - imachedwa pang'onopang'ono pakutsanulira. Koma malipiro ake anali pamtengo wochepetsedwa. Popendekeka, tidawongolera malo otenthetserako mowoneratu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kuzizira ndi zokwera zikhale ngati masewera asayansi m'malo mongopeka. Zokolola zinakula ndi pafupifupi 15%, zomwe pamtengo wamtengo wapataliwo, zidalungamitsa kutsanulira pang'onopang'ono.
Kumene kumawala ndi ma alloys apadera a QSY omwe nthawi zambiri amawagwira, monga opangidwa ndi faifi tambala. Izi ndi zowoneka bwino, zimakhazikika mwachangu, ndipo ndizokwera mtengo. Simungathe kukwanitsa chipwirikiti chomwe chimatsogolera kuzinthu zomwe mumapeza mukangopanga makina. Kupendekeka kumakhala kofunika, osati njira. Ndilo yankho lothandiza pakuwongolera kudzaza m'njira yomwe kutsanulira molunjika nthawi zambiri sikungafanane ndi ma geometries ovuta.
Zinthu Zakuthupi: Sikuti Kupendekeka Kumodzi
Uku ndi kuyang'anira wamba. Magawo opendekeka achitsulo chotuwira ndi dziko losiyana ndi la aloyi wopangidwa ndi cobalt. Ndi chitsulo chosungunuka, mukulimbana ndi madzi abwino koma chizolowezi chopanga zinyalala ngati kuthira kuli kwachiwawa kwambiri. Liwiro lopendekeka pang'ono limagwira ntchito. Koma sinthani ku aloyi yapamwamba ya nickel, ndipo masewerawa amasintha. Chitsulo ndi 'chachifupi', sichimathamanga mosavuta. Mufunika kolowera kolowera kolowera kuti chitsulo chisunthike, kenako pang'onopang'ono, mowongoleredwa kuti mudyetse magawo olimba pomaliza.
Tinaphunzira izi movutikira pa ntchito yoyambirira ya bulaketi yosamva kutentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yopendekera yachitsulo pa aloyi ya nickel-chromium kunapangitsa kuti kutsekeka kozizira kumalekezero akutali. Chitsulo chinali kusenda chitseko chisanadzaze. Kukonza sikunali kungofulumira kupendekera; zinali za kutenthetsa chisanadze kufa mosiyanasiyana ndikuyamba kupendekeka molimba mtima kuti mupeze kutsogolo kothamanga, kenako ndikuchepetsa. Ndi kuvina uku pakati pa kutentha, liwiro lopendekeka, ndi ngodya zomwe mumangopeza kuchokera pakusokoneza kangapo.
Apa ndipamene zinachitikira zakuthupi, monga zaka 30 zosamvetseka zomwe QSY imatchula, zimakhala zowoneka. Sikuti kukhala ndi zida; zili pafupi kukhala ndi kukumbukira kwazomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi Inconel 718 motsutsana ndi 304 zosapanga dzimbiri. Njira yopendekeka imakulitsa kufunikira kwa zobisika izi. Njira yowonongeka idzakupatsani zotsatira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosalongosoka.
Tooling and Die Design: The Unsung Hero
Mapangidwe a kufa kwa kupendekeka ndi kosiyana kwambiri. Dongosolo la gating ndi othamanga ndi losavuta mwanjira zina chifukwa simudalira dongosolo lovuta kuti liziwongolera kuyenda - kupendekera kumatero. Koma muyenera kuganizira njira yachitsulo pamene imfa imazungulira. Chingwecho chiyenera kuikidwa kuti chikhale chotsika kwambiri poyambira kupendekeka, ndipo mpweya uyenera kugwira ntchito pozungulira ponsepo, osati kungodzaza mokhazikika.
Ndaziwonapo zifa pomwe mazenera adayikidwa bwino kuti atsanulire moyima koma adakhala misampha yopanda ntchito ya mpweya atapendekeka madigiri 45. Mutha kukhala ndi matumba a gasi m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Njira yothetsera vutoli nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi tinjira tambiri tating'ono tomwe timadutsa pamzere wolekanitsa ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale timitsempha tosanjikiza tadothi tating'ono tating'ono ta malo oyamba. Ndi zosokoneza, zothandiza kuthetsa mavuto.
Kufa moyo ndi chinthu china. Kulumikizana kwapang'onopang'ono, kosalekeza kwa chitsulo chotentha chokwera pakhoma kungayambitse kutopa kosiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi kugwedezeka kwa kutsanulira kwathunthu. Timakonda kuwona kuphulika kwabwino, kutentha-kutentha m'malo odzaza koyambirira pakapita nthawi. Zikutanthauza kuti ndondomeko yanu yokonza imfa iyenera kuwerengera izi. Si njira yokhazikitsira-ndi-ndi-kuyiwala-izo; zimafuna chisamaliro chochulukirapo pakusintha kwa kuzungulira ndi kuzungulira kwa zida.
Kuphatikiza ndi Njira Zachiwiri: The Machining Link
Izi ndiye zopindulitsa kwambiri. Wopangidwa bwino kupendekeka kokoka kufa kuponyera si chinthu chotsiriza; ndi pafupi-ukonde mawonekedwe preform kwa CNC Machining. Kusasinthika komwe kumabweretsa ndi maloto a makina. Pamene phokoso lamkati ndi kusowa kwa inclusions zolimba ndizodziwikiratu, mukhoza kukankhira ma CNC feeds ndikuthamanga kwambiri. Simukudandaula za kugunda thumba la mchenga kapena gulu la ma oxides omwe angaphwanye mphero ya $200.
Pamalo omwe amayang'anira kuponya ndi kukonza m'nyumba, monga kukhazikitsidwa kophatikizika komwe kumaperekedwa ndi ntchito za QSY, mgwirizanowu ndi waukulu. Gulu loponyera limadziwa zomwe opanga makinawo amafunikira potengera malo a datum, malipiro ochepa, komanso kufanana. Mukawongolera kudzaza ndi kupendekeka, mumapeza kutsika kodziwikiratu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha kuyika gawolo mukufa kuti muchepetse kusokonekera kotsatira kwa makina. Imasintha magwiridwe antchito awiri kukhala njira imodzi yopitilira.
Mayeso enieni ali pamakina oyezera a coordinate (CMM). Magawo amomwe amathira movutikira nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kusiyanasiyana komwe sikulumikizana bwino ndi kufa - ndiko kupsinjika kwachisawawa kochokera ku kuzizira kosiyana. Magawo opendekeka, muzochitika zanga, amawonetsa mawonekedwe. Ngati pali kusokonekera, kumabwerezedwanso komanso kutsatiridwanso kubwereranso pakufa kapena mbiri yamafuta, chomwe ndi chinthu chomwe mungakonzekere.
Zochepa ndi Zowonongeka Zenizeni Zapadziko Lonse
Sichipolopolo chamatsenga. Cholepheretsa chachikulu ndi gawo la geometry. Zozama, zopapatiza? Zolimba. Chitsulo chikhoza kutaya kutentha kwambiri chisanafike pansi. Nthawi zina mumayenera kuphatikizira kupendekeka ndi thandizo laling'ono la mphamvu yokoka kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera chakufa. Zimawonjezera zovuta. Pazigawo zosavuta, zachunky, mtengo ndi nthawi yopendekeka sizingakhale zomveka. Malo okoma ndi magawo apakatikati omwe kukhulupirika ndikofunikira.
Nthawi yozungulira, monga tafotokozera, ndi yayitali. Gawo lothira limakhala locheperako, ndipo nthawi zina kufa kumafunika kugwiridwa pamakona ena panthawi yolimba kuti athandizire kudyetsa, komwe kumangiriza makinawo. Kwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali, zotsika mtengo, izi ndizosokoneza. Njirayi ndi yamagulu otsika, zigawo zamtengo wapatali. Ganizirani zoyikira mumlengalenga, ma valve apadera, zida zamagalimoto zogwira ntchito kwambiri - madera omwe zinthu za QSY zimayendera.
Pomaliza, pali chinthu chaumunthu. Ndi njira yowonjezereka yokhazikitsa ndikuwunika. Wogwiritsa ntchito akuyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe akuwona podzaza ndi kupatsidwa mphamvu kuti apange zosintha zazing'ono. Ndiodzipanga pang'ono poyerekeza ndi kuloboti kutsanulira mufa yokhazikika. Mukugulitsa zina mwanzeru kuti muziwongolera komanso kuti mukhale wabwino. Mumsika wamasiku ano, gawo loyenera, ndilo malonda omwe akatswiri ambiri amalolera kupanga. Cholinga sikungosewera; ndi odalirika, machinable chigawo chimodzi kuti salephera m'munda. Ndipo nthawi zambiri, izi zimayamba ndi kupendekeka kosavuta, kosamala.
