Anthu ambiri akamva mawu akuti 'metal shaft' amafanizira ndodo yosavuta komanso yolimba. M'zochita, ndi pamene lingaliro lalikulu loyamba lagona. Si ndodo chabe. Ndi gawo lonyamula katundu, lotumiza ma torque, lomwe nthawi zambiri limayendera bwino lomwe kulephera kwake kumatha kuyimitsa chingwe chonse. Ndawonapo ma projekiti ambiri akuchitenga ngati chinthu chamtengo wapatali, zomwe zimadzetsa kukonzanso kokwera mtengo. Vuto lenileni siliri kupanga; ndikulongosola molondola kuyambira pachiyambi-zinthu, kulolera, kutsiriza, ndi mbali yomwe nthawi zambiri imanyalanyazidwa ya kupanikizika kotsalira kuchokera ku makina.
Kusankha Zinthu Kuposa Giredi
Kutola zitsulo 4140 kapena 304 zosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa zili pamndandanda wanthawi zonse ndikuyamba, koma ndizopanda pake. Malo ogwirira ntchito amalamulira chilichonse. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti ya pampu yam'madzi pomwe zoyambira zimafuna 316 yopanda banga chitsulo chachitsulo. Idapambana mayeso oyamba koma idalephera m'munda mkati mwa miyezi ingapo. Nkhani yake? Osati dzimbiri wamba, koma dzimbiri mng'alu ndi kupsinjika kwa dzimbiri kung'ambika pa keyway pansi pa cyclic kutsegula m'madzi chlorinated. Tinayenera kusinthira ku kalasi ya duplex yosapanga dzimbiri yokhala ndi kukana bwino kwa chloride ndikusintha kachitidwe ka makina kuti apangitse kupsinjika kwapamwamba. Zotengera? Nambala ya alloy ndi tikiti yolowera.
Apa ndi pamene ogulitsa nthawi yayitali okhala ndi maziko ndi makina pansi pa denga limodzi amawonetsa mtengo wawo. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ndi zaka makumi atatu akusewera ndi kupanga makina, akumvetsetsa kuyanjana kumeneku. Iwo samangopanga makina a billet; Atha kuyamba kuchokera ku chipolopolo kapena kupanga ndalama, zomwe zingakhale zofunikira kwambiri pazithunzi zamtundu wa shaft ndi flanges kapena mbiri zachilendo. Kuwongolera ulendo wazinthu kuchokera kuchitsulo chosungunuka kupita ku gawo lomaliza kumachepetsa zoopsa zobisika.
Pazovala zapamwamba, monga zonyamulira za slurries za abrasive, tapitilira kuumitsa. Thandizo lapamtunda monga kuumitsa pakatikati pa chitsulo cha kaboni kapena kugwiritsa ntchito Stellite (aloyi yopangidwa ndi cobalt) zokutira zowotcherera pazovala zina zimafunikira. Ndi kusanthula mtengo-phindu: okwera mtengo chitsulo chachitsulo zomwe zimakhala zaka zitatu poyerekeza ndi zotsika mtengo zomwe zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse. Mtengo wonse wa umwini nthawi zambiri umakomera njira yotsika mtengo.
Kumaliza Kumapeto: Kumene Zotsimikizika Zimakumana Ndi Zowona
Chojambula chikhoza kuyitanitsa kutsiriza kwa 0.8 Ra pamwamba. Kuchikwaniritsa ndi chinthu chimodzi; kuzikwaniritsa mosadukiza popanga ma shaft 500 ndi zina. Mdierekezi ali mu khwekhwe, kuvala zida, ndi kasamalidwe koziziritsa. Mapeto a kalilole atha kuwoneka odabwitsa, koma kwa shaft yomwe ikuyenda momveka bwino, pamafunika njira ina yolumikizira mafuta kuti musunge mafuta. Zosalala kwambiri, ndipo mutha kulira.
Ndinaphunzira izi movutikira pamakina olongedza zinthu othamanga kwambiri. Ma shafts anali opukutidwa bwino mpaka 0.4 Ra. Iwo anatenthedwa ndipo analanda mkati mwa sabata. Vuto silinali mtengo wake womaliza, koma kusowa kwa ma groove odziwika bwino komanso mawonekedwe olakwika a pamwamba. Tinayenera kupanganso mayunitsi onse, ndikuwonjezera njira ina yokulira m'mapiri. Tsopano, nthawi zonse sindimangotchula Ra, komanso Rz ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira (ozungulira, axial, kapena osakanikirana) pajambula. Mashopu ambiri amagetsi amanyalanyaza izi pokhapokha mutabowoleramo.
Malo opangira makina a CNC, monga omwe mungawapeze pamalo opangira makina apadera (malo awo tsngtaocnc.com tsatanetsatane wa kuthekera kwawo), ndizofunikira pakubwereza. Koma kudziwa kwa wopanga mapulogalamu ndikofunikira. Momwe amatsatirira maopaleshoni - kufota, kumalizitsa pang'ono, kumaliza - kumakhudza kuyika kwa kutentha ndi kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe. Mdulidwe wolemera womwe watsala kuti upite komaliza ukhoza kusokoneza gawolo litatha kutsekedwa. Ndi luso lobisika lobisika ngati sayansi.
Kulinganiza Act: Osati kwa Turbines
Aliyense amadziwa kuti ma turbine shaft amafunikira kusanja kosinthika. Koma bwanji za shaft fan yomwe ikuyenda pa 3000 RPM? Kapena shaft ya conveyor yomwe ndi kutalika kwa mita 3? Kufunika kolinganiza kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Wosalinganizika chitsulo chachitsulo imayambitsa kugwedezeka, kumabweretsa kulephera kubereka msanga, kuvala chisindikizo, ndi phokoso. Pachilichonse chozungulira pamwamba pa 1000 RPM, tsopano ndikulamula kusanja, ngakhale kungokhala kokhazikika kwa ma rotor ocheperako, olimba.
Njira ndiyofunikira. Nthawi zambiri timatchula kalasi ya G2.5 yabwino pamakina ambiri am'mafakitale. Koma kuti tichite zimenezi pamafunika kukonzekera bwino. Mufunika zinthu zofananira (motero kufunikira kwa kuponyedwa bwino kapena chinyengo chopanda kanthu), makina ofananirako, ndi malo osankhidwa owonjezera kapena kuchotsa kulemera. Ndawonapo masitolo akubowola mabowo mwachisawawa kuti akhazikitse shaft, kusokoneza kwambiri kutopa kwake. Njira yolondola ndiyo kukhala ndi mapepala opangidwa ndi makina kapena ma flanges opangidwa kuyambira pachiyambi kuti azitha kulemera.
Kwa tsinde lalitali, lowonda, nkhaniyo imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Itha kukhala yowongoka komanso yokhazikika ikakhala yozizira komanso yosasunthika, koma chifukwa cha kulemera kwake komanso kukula kwamafuta pa liwiro la ntchito, imatha kugwa ndikupangitsa kusalinganika. Nthawi zina, simukulinganiza shaft nokha, koma msonkhano wonse wa rotor. Izi zimafuna mgwirizano ndi katswiri wamakina kuti apereke zolemba zofananira ndikumvetsetsa kutsatizana kwa msonkhano.
Kulekerera ndi Zokwanira: Chiyankhulo cha Msonkhano
Kutalika kwa tsinde ndi 50mm. Zimatanthauza chiyani? Palibe popanda kulolerana. Kukwanira kwa h7 pampando wonyamula, k6 kwa makina osindikizira a giya, f7 pa chisindikizo chothamanga pamwamba. Kulakwitsa izi ndi njira yachangu kwambiri yolepheretsa kusokonekera. Nthawi ina ndinalandira ma shafts pomwe zolemba zonyamula zidapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi g6 m'malo mwa h7. Zinali bwino (zolimba) kulolerana, koma zimatanthawuza mayendedwe, omwe anali kale osindikizira okhwima, anakhala pafupifupi zosatheka kukhazikitsa popanda makina osindikizira a hydraulic, kuwononga kuwonongeka.
Mbali ina yofunika kwambiri ndi kulolerana kwa geometric: kuwongoka, cylindricity, ndi concentricity. Shaft imatha kukhala ndi mainchesi aliwonse koma imakhala yopindika 0.1mm kutalika kwake. Izi zimabweretsa kutha, kugwedezeka, komanso kuvala kosagwirizana. Kwa ma shaft ovuta, tsopano timafotokozera molunjika, nthawi zambiri kuposa 500mm. Kuyang'ana izi kumafuna ma V-blocks oyenera ndi chizindikiro choyimba, osati ma caliper okha.
Kulondola uku ndi komwe ntchito zophatikizika zimalipira. Kampani yomwe imayang'anira kuponyedwa kwa mawonekedwe apafupi-ukonde komanso makina omaliza a CNC, monga QSY, ali ndi mphamvu zowongolera izi. Amatha kupanga makina opangira ma datum poyambira, kenako agwiritse ntchito iwo kuti agwire gawolo kuti agwire ntchito motsatira, kuwonetsetsa kukhazikika komanso kulondola kwamalo kuyambira pachiyambi. Kuyesera kumangirira pamalo owumbika kuti muthe kumaliza ndi njira yosinthira kusinthasintha.
Pamene Shaft Sili Olimba: Mabowo Opanda Mabowo ndi Zamkatimu
Sikuti ma shaft onse ali ndi mipiringidzo yolimba. Miyendo yopanda madzi ndi yofunika kwambiri pakuchepetsa kulemera (muzamlengalenga kapena pamagalimoto) kapena ngati ngalande zoziziritsira, zamadzimadzi za hydraulic, kapena waya. Izi zimabweretsa zovuta zatsopano. Kupanga chiboliboli chozama, chaching'ono chokhala ndi zowongoka zolimba komanso zofunikira pakumaliza ndi ntchito yapadera. Kupatuka kwa zida, kuthamangitsidwa kwa chip, ndi kutumiza koziziritsa kumakhala mutu waukulu.
Tinapanga dzenje chitsulo chachitsulo kwa ntchito ya rotary union. Kubowola kwamkati kumafunikira kumaliza kwa 1.6 Ra ndikukhazikika bwino ndi zolemba zakunja. Wothandizira wathu woyamba adalimbana ndi macheza otopetsa, ndikusiya kutha koyipa. Yankho lake lidachokera kwa katswiri wamakina yemwe adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito bar yotopetsa yokhala ndi mfundo imodzi yokhala ndi geometry yeniyeni komanso makina ozizirira othamanga kwambiri kuti athyole tchipisi ndi kugwetsa kugwedezeka. Zinagwira ntchito, koma inali njira yopangidwa kupyolera mu kuyesa ndi zolakwika, osati ntchito yokhazikika.
Kwa makina ovuta amkati otere, njira ngati kubowola mfuti nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi ntchito yapang'onopang'ono, yolondola. Ichi ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha komwe mukufunikira shopu yokhala ndi zida zapadera komanso kuleza mtima kuti muyimbire. Si ntchito yokweza kwambiri, yosinthira mwachangu. Mukulipira ukatswiri ndi kuthekera, osati nthawi yamakina chabe.
Choyiwalika: Kupsinjika Kotsalira ndi Kukhazikika Kwanthawi Yaitali
Ichi chikhoza kukhala chinthu chonyalanyazidwa kwambiri mu standard chitsulo chachitsulo kupanga. Kucheka, makamaka kutembenuza mwaukali kapena kupera, kumayambitsa kupsinjika kotsalira pamwamba. Zopanikizikazi zimatha kupumula pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shaft igwedezeke pang'ono. Kwa shaft yoyendera yokhazikika, sizingakhale zovuta. Kwa spindle yolondola mu chida cha makina, ndizowopsa.
Tinali ndi ma spindles a makina opera omwe adadutsa macheke onse a QC. Atakhala m'malo osungiramo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, pafupifupi 30% ya iwo adawonetsa kuthamanga koyezeka. Wolakwa? Kupsyinjika kotsalira kuchokera kukupera, kuphatikiza ndi zinthu (chida chachitsulo) chomwe sichinali chokwanira kupsinjika maganizo asanayambe kukonza komaliza. Kukonzekera kunali kukhazikitsa njira yokalamba yotentha (yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa kukalamba kochita kupanga) mukamaliza kugaya kuti muchepetse kupsinjika maganizo musanayang'ane komaliza.
Kuwongolera izi kumafuna njira yopangira zinthu zonse. Kuyambira ndi chopanda chotenthedwa bwino (chotsekedwa, chokhazikika, kapena chozimitsidwa ndi kupsya mtima) ndi sitepe yoyamba. Kenako, makinawo amayenera kuchitidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika pakati pa magawo ovuta. Wopereka chithandizo chokwanira omwe amayang'anira unyolo wonse-kuyambira pakufufuza aloyi yoyenera, kuponyera / kupanga, chithandizo cha kutentha, ndi makina omaliza - ali ndi mwayi wowongolera izi. Ndiko kusiyana pakati pa kupanga gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito tsiku lomwe lapangidwa ndi lomwe limagwira ntchito modalirika kwa zaka zambiri.
