Anthu akamalankhula za 'mitundu ya makina olondola', nthawi zambiri amangotchula njira monga mphero, kutembenuza, kugaya. Zimenezo si zolakwika, koma zimaphonya mfundo. Nkhani yeniyeni ndi yosankha njira yoyenera yazinthu zomwe zili m'manja mwanu ndi kulolerana pajambula, ndi momwe njirazo zimagwirira ntchito pamodzi. Ndawona mapangidwe ambiri omwe amafotokozera kutha kwapamwamba komwe kumatheka pogaya, koma gawo la geometry limapangitsa kuti kukumbatirana kukhale kosatheka. Ndipamene 'mitundu' yeniyeni imayambira - osati makina okha, koma ndondomeko ndi cholinga.
Zimayamba ndi Kuponya: Maziko a Machining
Izi zitha kuwoneka ngati zodziwikiratu, koma simungathe kuyankhula za makina olondola munkhani yathu osayamba ndi kuponya. Kuponyedwa koyipa kumatsimikizira gawo lopangidwa ndi makina odzaza mutu. Ndagwirapo ntchito ndi ogulitsa omwe amawona kuponya ndi kupanga ngati maiko osiyana, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zokwera mtengo komanso nthawi. Kampani yomwe imapeza izi moyenera, monga Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., imagwira ntchito mosiyana. Pokhala ndi zaka zopitilira 30 popanga ndi kupanga, amamvetsetsa kuti nkhungu yabwino kapena kuyika ndalama sizongokhudza mawonekedwe; ndi za kupereka mosasinthasintha, phokoso maziko ndi zochepa zotsalira kupsinjika. Kupanga gawo kuchokera pakupanga kwawo kopangira ma cobalt aloyi ndi chinthu chosiyana ndi kuyamba ndi zida zomangika-makina opanga zida, zida, chilichonse chimasintha.
Mayendedwe awo ndi zida monga chitsulo cha ductile kapena 316 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndikuganizira za makina oyambira pagawo. Ma angles okonzekera, mizere yolekanitsa, zonse zimayikidwa ndi diso la makina. Izi sizongoyerekeza; ndi za kupewa zomwe mukuyesera kudula molemera pakhoma lopyapyala, zomwe zimayambitsa kugwedezeka ndikuwononga mapeto. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yomanga mapampu pomwe mapangidwe oyambira oponyera anali ndi malo osindikizira ovuta pamalo omwe anali osatheka kufananizidwa. Zinangokhala chifukwa choyambira (chimodzi chokhala ndi makina ophatikizika monga momwe mungapezere tsngtaocnc.com) adakhudzidwa koyambirira kuti tidapanganso maziko kuti tipeze zida zoyenera.
Synergy ndiye chinsinsi. Kukhazikika kwawo pakupanga chipolopolo cha chipolopolo ndi makina a CNC pansi pa denga limodzi kumatanthauza kuti ndondomekoyi ikuphatikizidwa. Kuyimba sikungosoweka kanthu; ndi gawo loyamba, lofunikira pakutsata kolondola kwa makina. Izi zimachotsa zongopeka zambiri ndikusinthana mlandu komwe kumachitika mukapeza mavenda osiyana.
CNC Machining: The Workhorse ndi Nuances Ake
Tsopano, pa chochitika chachikulu. Tikamati CNC Machining, ndi mpingo waukulu. Kwa ma voliyumu apamwamba, magawo osavuta kwambiri kuchokera pamapangidwe awo, malo opangira ma axis ambiri ndi omwe amapitako. Koma mawu oti 'kulondola' pano ndi achibale. Kugwira ± 0.05mm pa bulaketi yachitsulo ndi chinthu chimodzi; kukwaniritsa ± 0.005mm pampando wa valve kwa aloyi yapadera ndi chirombo china kwathunthu.
Kusankha pakati pa 3-axis, 4-axis, kapena 5-axis sikungokhudza zovuta; nthawi zambiri zimakhala za kuchepetsa khwekhwe. Nthawi zonse mukakonzanso gawo, mumawonetsa zolakwika zomwe zingachitike. Pazinthu zovuta zopangira ndalama zopangira ndalama mu aloyi wopangidwa ndi faifi tambala, nthawi zonse timasankha makina a 5-axis kuti amalize malo ovuta pakukhazikitsa kamodzi. Mtengo pa ola ndi wokwera, koma kulondola kwa gawo lomaliza ndi kusasinthasintha kuli bwino kwambiri. Ndalakwitsa poyesa kusunga ndalama pogawaniza ntchito pakati pa makina a 3-axis, ndipo kusanjikizana kowonjezereka kunali kovuta kukonza.
Ndiye pali kutembenuka. Pazigawo zozungulira kuchokera kuchitsulo kapena chitsulo, kutembenuka kwa CNC ndi zida zamoyo ndikofunikira. Koma kuyatsa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, makamaka zolimba kwambiri, ndikuvina pakati pa liwiro, chakudya, ndi choziziritsa. Kuphatikiza kolakwika kumayambitsa kuuma kwa ntchito, komwe kumawononga chida chanu ndikuwononga umphumphu wapansi. Ndi chidziwitso chogwira mtima-kumvetsera kudulidwa, kuyang'ana mtundu wa chip ndi mawonekedwe. Palibe buku lamapulogalamu lomwe lingaphunzitse izi mokwanira.
Zomaliza Zokhudza: Kumene Kulondola Kowona Kumatuluka
Apa ndipamene zokambirana zambiri pamitundu yamakina olondola zimasokonekera. Amawona mphero / kutembenuka ngati mapeto. Zowona, pazigawo zomwe zimafunikira kulondola kwenikweni - ganizirani ma hydraulic manifolds, mipando yokhala ndi mipando, kapena malo osindikizira - ndiye gawo lomaliza. Kugaya ndi kumene matsenga amachitika. Koma ngakhale akupera ali ndi mitundu yake: pamwamba akupera, cylindrical akupera, pakati akupera.
Tinali ndi ntchito yopangira shaft kuchokera kuchitsulo cholimba. Kutembenuka kunayandikira, koma kukwanira kokwanira kumafunikira Ra 0.2μm kumaliza ndi kulolerana kwa geometric kwa ma microns ochepa. Ndilo gawo la cylindrical grinding. Chinyengo chinali kutsatana: kutembenuka kwaukali, kutentha, kumaliza, kenaka kugaya. Ngati mutayesa kupukuta zinthu zambiri mutatha kutentha, mumatulutsa kutentha kwambiri ndi kuwononga pamwamba. Ndikuchita bwino.
Nthawi zina, ngakhale akupera sikokwanira. Pamalo osalala kwambiri kapena kuchotsa nsonga zazing'ono zomwe zimasiyidwa pogaya, kumeta kapena kugubuduza zimabwera. Izi sizodziwika m'malo ogulitsa ntchito koma ndizofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale monga magetsi amadzimadzi kapena zakuthambo. Ndikukumbukira spool ya valve yomwe tidapanga yomwe imamatira titapera. Vuto linali kugwedezeka kwapang'ono, kakang'ono ka micron-level pa cylindrical surface. Yankho lake linali njira yofulumira kwambiri. Sizinasinthe miyeso kwambiri, koma idasintha mawonekedwe apamwamba kuti agwire bwino ntchito. Uwu ndiye nuance: kulondola si nambala chabe; ndi chikhalidwe choyenera pa ntchito.
Zinthu zakuthupi ndi Wolamulira Wankhanza
Simungathe kulekanitsa mtundu wa makina kuzinthu. Kugwira ntchito ndi Mtengo wa QSYZinthu wamba monga chitsulo chosungunula ndi kukhululuka; imapanga makina mokongola, imapanga tchipisi tating'ono, ndipo ndi yokoma zida. Chitsulo ndi cholimba koma chodziwikiratu. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, makamaka magiredi austenitic, ndi gummy ndipo sachedwa kukhazikika m'mphepete. Mufunika zida zakuthwa, ma angles abwino, ndipo mwina zokutira zina.
Koma vuto lenileni ndi luso lawo lapadera: cobalt-based and nickel-based alloys. Izi ndizinthu zamaloto owopsa kwa makina osakonzekera. Amagwira ntchito molimbika kwambiri, amawombera kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kwawo kumakhala kocheperako, kotero kutentha kumakhazikika pamphepete. Kwa izi, zonse zimasintha. Kuthamanga kumakhala kotsika, ma feed atha kukhala okwera kwambiri kuti alowe pansi pa ntchito yolimba, ndipo kusankha giredi ya carbide ndikofunikira. Tidaphunzira movutikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphero yokhazikika ya TiAlN pagawo la Stellite kumapangitsa chida chosungunuka komanso kutayidwa. Kusintha kupita ku kalasi yapadera yokhala ndi cobalt yapamwamba komanso geometry yosiyana inali njira yokhayo. Apa ndipamene zinachitikira wogulitsa, monga zaka 30 zotchulidwa Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., amakhala ogwirika—mwachiwonekere agwiritsira ntchito zida zokwanira kuti adziŵe chimene chimagwira ntchito.
Njira yozizira imakhala yofunika kwambiri pano. Kuzizira kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito chida si chinthu chapamwamba; ndikofunikira kuthyola tchipisi ndikuchotsa kutentha. Nthawi zina, pomaliza kuphatikizika kwa ma superalloys awa, titha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yocheperako yothira mafuta (MQL) kuti tikwaniritse bwino pamwamba popanda kugwedezeka kwamafuta. Palibe kukula kumodzi kokwanira-zonse.
Kuyika Zonse Pamodzi: Mndandanda Wadziko Lonse
Ndiye, kodi njira yosinthira yolondola kwambiri imawoneka bwanji pagawo lovuta? Tiyeni titenge choponderetsa chongoyerekeza koma chenichenicho muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri, zochokera kuzinthu zopangira ndalama. Choyamba, mbande za mbande ziyenera kudulidwa kuchokera ku dothi. Mwina kuwombera mwachangu kuti muyeretse. Kenako, imapita ku lathe ya CNC potembenuza bore ndi nkhope yakumbuyo - izi zimakhazikitsa maziko oyambira. Kenako, imasamutsidwa kupita ku 4 kapena 5-axis mphero. Apa, masamba, nsalu yakutsogolo, ndi madoko aliwonse amapangidwa ndi makina. Uku ndi kudula kolemetsa, kosokonekera, kotero kukhazikika kwa chida ndikofunikira.
Pambuyo pake, mwina pali njira yochepetsera nkhawa ngati makinawo akhala ankhanza. Kenako, bwererani ku lathe kapena chopukusira kuti mutsirize malo osindikizira ovuta kwambiri ndikubowolera mpaka kulolerana komaliza. Pomaliza, deburing, kuyeretsa, ndipo mwina njira passivation kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Panthawi yonseyi, kuyang'anitsitsa kumayenderana-pambuyo pa op yoyamba, pambuyo pa roughing, pambuyo pomaliza. Simungathe kuyang'ana khalidwe mu gawo kumapeto.
Mfundo ndi yakuti, 'mitundu' ya makina olondola ndi magawo awa, omwe amasankhidwa pazifukwa. Ndi kuyenda. Sitolo yomwe imapanga mphero yokha imatha kupanga gawo, koma sitolo yomwe imamvetsetsa unyolo wonse, kuchokera ku njira yoponyera mpaka ku honing komaliza, monga ntchito yophatikizika, imapanga chigawo chodalirika. Zolephera zomwe ndawonapo nthawi zambiri zimabwera chifukwa cha kulumikizidwa mu unyolo uwu - katswiri akukankhira zakudya kwambiri kuti asunge nthawi, kuwononga malo apansi pa sitepe yotsatira yogaya, kapena njira ya kutentha yomwe sinawerengedwe m'malo opangira makina.
Pamapeto pake, kugawa ndi mtundu wa makina ndikoyambira. Koma ukatswiri weniweni wagona pakumvetsetsa momwe njirazi zimagwirizanirana, momwe zida zimapangira malamulo awo, ndi momwe maziko - kuponyedwa kopangidwa bwino - kumapangitsa kuti kulondola konseko sikungotheka, koma kukhala kopindulitsa pazachuma. Ndiwo malingaliro omwe mumapeza mukakhala mu shopu, osati kungowerenga kabukhu.
