Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'guta ibyuma byumucanga byangiza', bashushanya inzira itaziguye, hafi yishuri-shuri: gushonga ibyuma, kubisuka mumucanga, kumeneka, urangije. Nicyo gitekerezo kinini. Ukuri ni imishyikirano ihoraho hagati ya chimie, physics, nubukungu. Igice cya 'ductile' - kugera kuri sisitemu ya grafitike ya spheroidal - nigikorwa cyinsinga ndende gitangira kera mbere yuko icyuma kigera kumurongo. Nabonye imishinga myinshi isitara mu gufata sisitemu yumucanga nkigikoresho cyoroshye aho kugira uruhare rugaragara mubunyangamugayo.
Urufatiro ni Byose: Umusenyi Ntabwo ari Umucanga gusa
Urashobora kugira gushonga neza, nodularisation itunganijwe, ariko niba sisitemu yumucanga yawe yazimye, urasakaye. Ntabwo ari ugukoresha umucanga uwo ariwo wose. Umubare wuzuye wa AFS ingano, ibumba (bentonite), urwego rwubushuhe - iyi ntabwo ari imibare kurupapuro gusa. Bategeka ubushobozi bwububiko bwo guhumeka imyuka, guhangana nubushyuhe bukabije bwumuriro wa 1400 ° C + icyuma, kandi bigatanga ubuso bugabanya igihe cyogusukura. Twize ibi inzira igoye kumurongo wimibiri ya valve imyaka yashize. Umucanga wari mwiza cyane kandi wapakiwe cyane. Igisubizo nticyari inenge igaragara nka blowhole, ahubwo umuyoboro wa micro-ubukonje ufunga hejuru yumuvuduko ukabije wagaragaye mugihe cya hydro-test. Igihombo cyose. Nibwo uhagaritse kubona umucanga nkumwanda ugatangira kubibona nkibikoresho byuzuye.
Aha niho uburambe buva mumushinga nka QSY (Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.) yerekana agaciro kayo. Gukora uruganda mumyaka irenga 30, utezimbere kumva umusenyi. Uzi uburyo ubushuhe kumunsi wimvura muri Qingdao buzajugunya intego yawe yubushuhe, cyangwa uburyo kongera gukoresha umucanga inshuro nyinshi utabanje kwisubiramo neza byiba plastike yibumba. Imikorere yabo yigihe kirekire muburyo butandukanye bwo guta bivuze ko basobanukiwe ko kugenzura umucanga kumyuma ihindagurika ntabwo ari kimwe nicyuma cyumuhondo - imbaraga zo gukonja ziratandukanye, icyuma cyitwara ukundi.
Igishushanyo cya sisitemu yo gusuka yasutswe muri uwo mucanga ni ikindi kintu gikomeye, akenshi kidahabwa agaciro, igice. Ukoresheje ibyuma byangirika, urimo ukorana nicyuma gifite zone yihariye ya paste mugihe cyo gukomera. Ugomba kugaburira kugabanuka neza, ariko amarembo na risers bigomba kuba byateguwe kugirango bigabanye imvururu. Imivurungano iteza imbere kwibumbira hamwe - magnesium silikatike irimo gusenya imashini nimbaraga zumunaniro. Buri gihe mara umwanya utagereranywa kumurongo winjira; bihendutse gukosora igishushanyo kuruta gutondekanya mu gikari cyuzuyemo ibice.
Imbyino ya Magnesium: Kugera ku Guhinduka kwukuri
Ngiyo ishingiro ryibikorwa. Gufata icyuma fatizo hamwe na sulferi igenzurwa neza na ogisijeni no gutera inshinge neza ya magnesium. Gito cyane, ubona flake grafite, gutakaza guhindagurika. Byinshi cyane, ubona imvura ya karbide, bigatuma igice cyoroshye kandi kidashoboka. Uburyo bufite akamaro-igifuniko cya tundish, sandwich, gutembera. Buriwese afite umusaruro we kandi uhoraho. Nkunda uburyo bwa sandwich kubice biremereye; itanga ibisobanuro byinshi, bitinda. Ntabwo wongeyeho ikintu gusa; urimo gucunga urugomo rukabije ruhindura imiterere yose yicyuma.
Nyuma yo gukingirwa nintambwe yo gukurikirana ntushobora gusimbuka. Ubuvuzi bwa magnesium burashira. Niba utegereje cyane gusuka, grafite nodules itangira kwangirika. Ongeraho gutinda gutinda nka ferrosilicon mbere yo gusuka birema ibibanza bishya bya nucleation, byemeza umubare munini wa nodule hamwe na matrix imwe, nziza. Nakurikiranye imiterere yubukanishi mugihe kiri hagati yo kuvura no gusuka. Kumanuka nyuma yidirishya runaka biragaragara. Ihatira injyana hasi yububiko isa n’akajagari ariko mubyukuri ni ballet yateganijwe.
Kuvuga imitungo, allure ya guta ibyuma byumucanga ni urwego ushobora kubona. Urashobora intego ya EN-GJS-400-18 kugirango urambe, cyangwa ugasunika kuri GJS-700-2 imbaraga. Ariko ntubona ibyo uhinduye gusa resept mu itanura. Ni uruvange rwa chimie, igipimo cyo gukonjesha gitegekwa numusenyi (ibice binini bikonje buhoro, bigira ingaruka kuri nodule na matrix), kandi kenshi, kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma. Annealing to ferritize, kuzimya no gutwarwa na pearlitike cyangwa martensitike - guta umucanga nintambwe yambere gusa murugendo rurerure rugana kumurongo wanyuma.
Aho Bihuye n'aho bidahuye
Umucanga wicyuma ntabwo ari igisubizo kuri buri gice. Kubintu bigoye cyane, binini-urukuta rufite kwihanganira ibisazi, gushora imari cyangwa gushushanya ibishishwa bishobora kuba byiza. Ariko kubyo ikora neza, ntibishoboka kubiciro kubice biciriritse kugeza binini. Tekereza inzu ya pompe, ibikoresho biremereye cyane bya garebox, hydraulic manifolds, cyangwa ibikoresho byimashini. Ubushobozi buke hamwe nigiciro gito ugereranije nigikoresho cyibikoresho byumucanga (cyane cyane kumurongo umwe cyangwa mububumbe buke) bituma ujya. Isosiyete nka QSY, itanga ibishishwa byombi hamwe n'umucanga, iri mumwanya mwiza wo gutanga inama kuriyi ngingo. Bashobora kureba igishushanyo bakavugisha ukuri, Kuri iyi brake yihariye, guta umucanga birakabije, reka dukoreshe ibishishwa, cyangwa Iyi nzu ya turbine ikenera igenzura ryinshi ryumuriro gusa umusenyi wateguwe neza ushobora gutanga.
Amafaranga yo gutunganya ni ikintu cyingenzi cyubukungu. Ubuso bwumusenyi burakomeye. Ugomba gusiga ububiko bwinshi kumashini za CNC kugirango zisukure. Nibyo guta igihe no gutunganya. Inzira yumucanga ikozwe neza hamwe na zirconi cyangwa chromite ireba umucanga ahantu hanini irashobora kunoza ubuso butangaje, bikagabanya ayo mafaranga. Nibara-inyungu-kubara. Kubireba imbere bidakomeye, amafaranga 3-5mm ni meza. Ku cyicaro gifata, urashaka ko gikomera bishoboka, wenda 1.5-2mm, bisaba ubuziranenge bwiza.
Kubabara umutwe-kwisi? Itandukaniro. Umucanga urashobora kugoreka mugihe cyo gusuka, cyangwa ishusho yambara. Kubice bigoye, gufata kwihanganira gukomeye mugice kinini biragoye. Ugomba kenshi kubaka indishyi muburyo-ubuhanzi ubwabwo. Twigeze kugira ikibazo gisubiramo hamwe na bore intera kumurongo wa compressor. Igishushanyo cyari gitunganye, ariko abaterankunga bari bahagaritse igice cya milimetero. Nyirabayazana? Igicucu cyumucanga kizengurutse ibyapa nticyari kimwe, cyemerera ingirakamaro ziremereye guhinduka mugihe cyo gusuka. Gukosora byari byoroheje byongeye gushushanya intangiriro ya geometrie kugirango ifunge ahantu heza. Byoroheje urebye, icyumweru cyakazi kiperereza muricyo gihe.
Kwishyira hamwe: Kuva Kasting kugeza Kurangiza Igice
Uku nukuri kugezweho. Ni gake ukora a guta ibyuma byumucanga ubwato as-cast. Irakeneye gutunganya. Kugira casting no gutunganya munsi yinzu imwe, nkuko QSY ikora nigice cyabo cyo gutunganya CNC, ikuraho umusozi wibikoresho namakimbirane meza. Abakanishi n'abashinzwe gushinga imishinga barashobora kuvuga. Niba abakanishi bahora bamena ibikoresho mugice runaka, barashobora gusubira mumushinga bakavuga bati, Gukomera ntabwo bihuye, cyangwa Hano hari uruhu rwubukonje. Uruganda rushobora noneho guhindura inoculant cyangwa ubushyuhe bwuzuye.
Ibikoresho nabyo bifite akamaro. Mugihe icyuma gisanzwe (nka 450-10) nifarashi yakazi, rimwe na rimwe ukenera icyuma cya bainitike cyuma kugirango wirinde kwambara, cyangwa silicon-igisubizo-gishimangira imbaraga kugirango serivisi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Inzira yumucanga irahinduka, ariko amarembo nizamuka bigomba gusubirwamo kuri aya mavuta hamwe nimyitwarire itandukanye yo kugabanuka. QSY ivuga gukorana nudukoresho twihariye nka nikel ishingiye kuri nikel irabivuga - byerekana ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibishishwa byoroshye bishobora gukenerwa kubora cyangwa kwangirika kwubushyuhe bwibikoresho byibyuma.
Amaherezo, gutsinda guta ibyuma byumucanga ni bijyanye no kubona urunigi rwose. Ntabwo ari urukurikirane rw'intambwe zidasanzwe ahubwo ni loop. Gutunganya ibitekerezo biramenyesha inzira yo gukina. Ubwiza bwa casting butanga umusaruro wo gutunganya. Nibintu biteye ubwoba, byamaboko aho ibitekerezo bihura nukuri kubutaka bushyushye, bwuzuye urusaku. Ubwiza bwabwo ni mukurema ibyuma bikomeye, byizewe bigize ibyuma byihishe inyuma yimashini nyinshi, ukoresheje bumwe muburyo bwa kera kandi buhuza imiterere dufite. Wubaha inzira, kandi izatanga ibice bimara imyaka mirongo.
