Iyo umuntu asabye 'igiciro cyo gushora imari,' nkunze kwibaza icyo bashaka. Numubare gusa kugereranya nundi mutanga isoko, cyangwa barumva ibigaburira muri iyo shusho yanyuma? Mumyaka yanjye, nabonye imishinga myinshi yataye umurongo kuko amagambo yambere yafashwe nkigiciro cyagenwe, mugihe mubyukuri, ni intangiriro yikiganiro. Igiciro nyacyo ntabwo ari icyuma gusa mubice; ni urugendo rwose rwo guhindura ibishashara mubice byuzuye, bikora. Reka tuganire kubyukuri byimura iyo mibare hejuru cyangwa hepfo.
Aho Imibare Ituruka
Urabona icyifuzo, yenda moderi ya 3D cyangwa nigishushanyo gusa. Inkomoko yambere nukubara uburemere bwicyuma no kugwira. Iri ni ikosa rikomeye. Uwiteka igiciro cyo gushora imari Itangira Na. Igikoresho cyoroshye, ibice bibiri kubikoresho byibanze ni ikintu kimwe. Ariko niba igice gifite ibice, urukuta ruto, cyangwa imiyoboro igoye imbere, urareba ibishushanyo byinshi cyangwa se ceramic cores. Icyo gikoresho cyo gukoresha kigabanywa, ariko nikintu gifatika. Ndibuka gusubiramo amagambo ya pompe; umukiriya yatunguwe nuko ibikoresho byari 70% bya PO yambere. Ariko udafite iryo teraniro ryibanze, igice ntigishobora gukorwa. Amagambo ntiyari hejuru; byari ukuri.
Noneho hari ibishashara. Ibishashara byose ntabwo ari bimwe. Kubice bisobanutse neza, ukenera kugabanuka-kugabanuka, guhuza cyane. Bisaba byinshi. Igishashara cyibishashara ubwacyo - umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, igihe cyizunguruka - byose bigira ingaruka kumiterere yikigereranyo, bityo, umusaruro. Ibishashara bikozwe nabi byemeza ibishishwa byacitse hamwe nicyuma cyinjira nyuma, bivuze gusiba. Kandi ibisakuzo nigiciro gihora, burigihe gisanga inzira isubira muri igiciro cyo gushora imari kuri buri gice kurutonde rukurikira, niba utanga isoko ashaka kuguma mubucuruzi.
Guhitamo ibikoresho ni umushoferi ugaragara, ariko ntabwo ari umurongo. 304 idafite ingese irasanzwe. Ariko iyo usimbutse kuri nikel ishingiye kuri nikel nka Inconel 718, ntabwo uba wishyuye primaire yibikoresho gusa. Urimo kwishyura ikirere cyagenzuwe gushonga, uburyo bwihariye bwo kugaruka (amarembo n'amasoko), kandi kenshi, buhoro buhoro inzira yo kubaka igikonoshwa kugirango wirinde reaction. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu mugukina hamwe no kuvanga bidasanzwe, byatera ibi mubitekerezo. Amagambo yabo kubice bya cobalt ashingiye kubice byaba byubatswe muburyo butandukanye nubwa karuboni yicyuma, ndetse no muburemere bumwe.
Kugwiza Kugwiza Ntibakubwira
Ubuso bwo kurangiza ibisabwa. Ra 3.2 na Ra 1.6. Ibyo bisa nkaho ari itandukaniro rito kurupapuro rwihariye. Ku iduka, birashobora gusobanura urwego rwinyongera rwo gutwikisha ibishishwa, umucanga mwiza wa stucco, cyangwa kuva muri silika isanzwe ihujwe ikajya kuri kote yibanze ya zircon. Buri ntambwe yongeraho igihe, ikiguzi cyibikoresho, nakazi. Niba uhamagaye 'as-cast' kurangiza, igiciro kiragabanuka. Ariko niba ukeneye ubuso bwiteguye gusya cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubushyuhe bwigiciro buhenze cyane. Ibi ntibikunze gucika mumagambo yoroshye; bitetse mubipimo bya kg.
Tegeka ingano no gusubiramo. Ubukungu bwa kera bwibipimo bukoreshwa, ariko hamwe no kugoreka. Gukoresha ibice 10,000 byemerera gutambuka neza, aho ushobora guhuza ibice 20 kuriti. Igice kigura plummets. Ariko kubice 50? Uracyubaka igiceri cyuzuye kubiti bishobora gufata ibice 4 gusa. Imirimo yo guteranya, kwibiza, na stucco irasa. Igiciro cyigice ni kinini, kandi birakwiye. Aha niho abaguzi bashya bababaye. Babona 'hejuru' igiciro cyo gushora imari kuri prototype yiruka kandi ugende, utazi ko ibiciro byububiko buke bitandukanye cyane. Icyitegererezo cya QSY, gikubiyemo kuva mububiko kugeza kuri CNC gutunganya, bifasha hano. Barashobora gukuramo bimwe mubikorwa bya prototyping niba babonye inzira yumusaruro mwinshi hamwe nakazi ko gutunganya.
Kwipimisha no gutanga icyemezo. Kora kubicapiro bihendutse. Kora ku icapiro kandi utange ibyemezo byuzuye kuri ASTM A985, hamwe na 100% igenzura rya radiografiya ninyamaswa zitandukanye. Buri genzura - irangi ryinjira, X-ray, CMM - ryongera ibiciro byagenwe kandi bihinduka. Nagize imishinga aho protocole yo kugerageza igura amafaranga arenze casting ubwayo. Ntabwo ari ikimenyetso; ni ubwishingizi nibimenyetso. Niba uri mu kirere cyangwa mubuvuzi, iki nikiguzi. Kureka kuri RFQ yawe ya mbere kugirango ubone 'igiciro cyibiciro' ni igisubizo cyibiza no guhindura amabwiriza nyuma.
Urubanza Rwukuri: Aho Igiciro cyagenze nabi (kandi Iburyo)
Twari dufite umukiriya wigeze gushaka inzu yo gusaba marine. Babonye imirongo itatu. Ibyacu byari hagati. Hasi yaturutse mu iduka rito ryasezeranije ukwezi. Igice cyari muri 316. Uwegukanye isoko yatanze, ariko ibice byari bifite micro-porosity. Ntibigaragara, ariko mukibazo, barasohoka. Umukiriya yahuye nibice byuzuye byo kwibuka. Uwiteka igiciro cyo gushora imari bishyuye byari, amaherezo, zeru, kuko ibice nta gaciro byari bifite. Igiciro cyo kunanirwa - gusubiramo, gusubiramo, gutinda kugurisha ibicuruzwa - byagabanije itandukaniro riri hagati yamagambo yacu n'ayoroheje.
Ni iki twakoze mu bundi buryo? Inzira yacu, yubahirijwe imyaka myinshi nko kuri QSY, yarimo intambwe ishimishije yo gukomera kuri iyo geometrie yihariye yo kugaburira umubyimba muto. Yongeyeho igihano cyigihe. Amagambo yacu yabigaragaje. Ibyabo ntabwo byakozwe, kubera ubujiji cyangwa kwizera ko bitazaba ikibazo. Ngiyo ishingiro ryacyo: igiciro cyizewe kigaragaza inzira yemejwe. Irabaze imitego izwi. Igiciro gihenze akenshi kirenga intoki zacyo.
Icyemezo cyo gukurikirana cyatugezeho. Twakoresheje ibikoresho bimwe (byarokotse, ikindi giciro gikunze kwibagirana - ubuzima bwibikoresho). Igiciro kuri buri gice cyari munsi yamagambo yacu ya mbere kuko ingaruka zashize. Twari tuzi ko inzira yagenze. Ubu ni umubano muremure igihe cyambere kibonerana cyubaka. Ntabwo ari ukubahendutse kumunsi wambere; bijyanye no kuba ikiguzi gikwiye mubuzima bwumushinga.
Imashini: Umufatanyabikorwa ucecetse mugiciro cyanyuma
Ibi birakomeye kandi aho iduka ryahujwe ryerekana agaciro karyo. Igice nkicyiciro nticyigera igice cyanyuma. Ukeneye amafaranga yo gutunganya mumaso akomeye. Uruganda rwiza ruzagabanya ibi, ariko burigihe burigihe. Niba ubona amagambo yatanzwe na Foundry A hamwe na mashini yatanzwe na Machine Shop B, wabuze igice kinini cyibiciro.
Uruganda rukeneye gusobanukirwa aho ibiranga datum biri, aho kwihanganira gukomeye biri, kugirango bashobore gushyira igice kubiti hanyuma bakongeramo ububiko. Niba badagenzura imashini, ushobora guhura nigice giterera neza ariko kidashoboka gufunga imashini utabangamiye ubunyangamugayo. Nabonye ibice aho igiciro cyo gutunganya cyikubye inshuro eshatu kuko uwatanze casting yashyize irembo kubintu byagombaga kuba datum yibanze. Igikorwa gihagaritse ibikorwa nka QSY Irinde ibi. Ba injeniyeri babo ba casting na programmes za CNC baraganira. Uwiteka igiciro cyo gushora imari batanga kumashanyarazi hamwe nimashini akenshi usanga ari ibintu bifatika kandi biri hasi muri rusange kuruta igiteranyo cyibice bibiri bitandukanye, kuko bateguye urunigi rwibikorwa byose uhereye mugitangira.
Bakemura kandi ibikoresho hamwe ningaruka. Ninde ubiryozwa mugihe habonetse igikoma mugihe cyo gutunganya? Niba ari umwe mubatanga, igisubizo kirasobanutse. Niba ari bibiri, ni imyitozo yerekana urutoki itinda byose. Gutinda bifite ikiguzi, nacyo, nubwo kitigera kigaragara kumvugo iyo ari yo yose ya P&L kugeza igihe kirenze.
None, Nigute Ukwiye Gusuzuma Amagambo?
Ntukarebe gusa kumurongo wo hasi. Kumenagura. Saba imiterere yikiguzi cya rudimentary: ibikoresho byo gukuramo amortisation, igiciro cyibikoresho kuri kg (harimo na alloy surcharge), ikiguzi cyo gutunganya, nigiciro cyo gupima. Utanga ibyamamare nka QSY, hamwe namateka maremare, ntazatezuka kuribi. Bazi ko byubaka ikizere. Niba utanga isoko aguhaye inshuro imwe akanga kubisobanura, witonde.
Imirongo ni byose. Barimo basubiramo ukurikije moderi yawe ya 3D yatanzwe, cyangwa bakoze isubiramo ryakozwe? Amagambo meza arimo ibitekerezo-Niba twimuye uru rubavu 2mm, turashobora kwirinda intangiriro no kugabanya igiciro cyibikoresho 30%. Uwo ni umufatanyabikorwa, ntabwo ari umucuruzi gusa. Igiciro nyuma yo gushyira mubikorwa ibishushanyo-byo-gukora-impinduka nukuri, nziza igiciro cyo gushora imari.
Hanyuma, tekereza mubiciro byose bya nyirubwite. Shyiramo igihe cyo kuyobora (igiciro cyakazi cyihuta cyane), guhuza ubuziranenge (ibiciro byo kugenzura nibiciro byatsinzwe), hamwe nubufasha bwa tekiniki. Amagambo ahendutse yambere aganisha kumurongo wumusaruro uhagaze nuburyo buhenze cyane ushobora guhitamo. Intego ni ugushaka igiciro cyerekana inzira irambye, isubirwamo, kandi yizewe. Numubare ufite akamaro. Ibindi byose nibitekerezo byiringiro gusa.
