Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'ifu ya metallurgie yinganda', bashushanya uburyo bwo gukanda-na-sint er-kuvanga ifu, kuyikanda, kuyishyushya, byakozwe. Ngiyo verisiyo yigitabo, kandi ni akaga gakabije kuganisha ku bice byinshi bya subpar hamwe naba injeniyeri bababaye. Ukuri ni akajagari, kurushaho, kandi mvugishije ukuri, aho ubwubatsi nyabwo bubera. Ntabwo ari ugukora ishusho gusa; ni ugucunga porosity, kugenzura imipaka yintete nyuma yo gucumura, no kumva uburyo alloying yitwara iyo itangiye nkumukungugu. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi binanirana kuko bafataga PM nkibisimburwa bihendutse byo gutunganya, birengagije ibintu byihariye biranga ibintu.
Amahuriro ya Alloy hamwe nubucucike
Reka tuvuge ibikoresho. Amasezerano yimvange idasanzwe nka nikel-ishingiye kuri cobalt cyangwa ifumbire mvaruganda ni nini yo kwambara no gukoresha temp nyinshi. Ariko itandukaniro riri hagati yamasezerano nigice ni kinini. Ntushobora gufata gusa ibishishwa byateguwe kandi utegereje ko ifu ya verisiyo igera kumibare imwe. Ifu yabanjirije-ivanze ninzira yo kuvanga inzira ni amahitamo yibanze ategeka ibintu byose uhereye kumurongo uhamye mugihe cyo gucumura kugeza imbaraga zumunaniro wanyuma. Hamwe nuruvange rwibanze, urimo gukora amabanki mugukwirakwiza gutunganijwe neza mugihe cyizuba cyumuriro - ni gake cyane, biganisha kuri microstructures ya heterogeneous niba cycle itari nziza.
Iyi sano ihuza ubwinshi. Intego yubucucike bwuzuye bisobanura kwimuka kurenga gucumura bisanzwe. Turimo kuvuga kubijyanye no gutera inshinge (MIM) cyangwa gukanda isostatike ishyushye (HIP). Ariko buri ntambwe izamuka mubucucike izana igiciro cyo gusimbuka hamwe na geometrike. Kurugero, HIP ni nziza cyane kugirango ikureho ibisigisigi bisigaye muri complexe ifu ya metallurgie igice, vuga prototype ya turbine, ariko ntabwo ariwo muti-wose kubikorwa byateguwe nabi. Icyifuzo kigomba gufungwa no kwigunga kugirango HIP ikire neza; Ubuso buhujwe nubuso ntibuzakosorwa.
Kubabara umutwe? Sinter ikomera ibyuma. Bakwemerera kugera ku mbaraga nyinshi ziva mu ziko ryacumuye, ukarenga kuvura ubushyuhe bwa kabiri. Byumvikane neza. Ariko igipimo cyo gukonjesha mumukandara wawe wicyaha gihinduka ikintu gikomeye. Biratinda cyane, kandi ntubona martensitike ihinduka; byihuse cyane, kandi ushobora guhungabana. Njye namaze ibyumweru mpinduranya gazi n'umuvuduko wumukandara kubintu byoroshye bya flange, gusa nasanze impinduka nkeya mubice byimbaraga zivuye mubishushanyo mbonera byajugunye ibintu byose. Nibikorwa bihoraho.
Aho PM ahurira na mashini: Ntabwo byanze bikunze ukuboko
Hafi ntakintu kitoroshye cya PM igice ni net-shusho. Ndetse hamwe nibikoresho byiza hamwe no kugenzura inzira, uzakenera ibikorwa bya kabiri. Aha niho umubano uri a ifu ya metallurgie inzobere na mashini isobanutse neza iranegura. Ntushobora gukora imashini ya PM nkuko wakora imashini ikozwe. Ibisigisigi bisigaye ni abrasive irya ibikoresho byo gutema. Ihindura kandi hejuru yubuso nimbaraga zurudodo.
Ubu ni ubufatanye nabonye bwakoze neza. Fata isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Hamwe namateka yabo yimbitse mugushora imari no gutunganya CNC, babona imyitwarire yibintu. Iyo igice cya PM, vuga umubiri wicyuma utagira ingese ukenera insinga zicyambu, ziva mubyaha, bazi kubyitwaramo. Basobanukiwe ko gucukura hejuru yicyaha bisaba ibikoresho bya geometrike kandi bigaburira kugirango wirinde gusenyuka. Ntabwo ari akazi ko gutunganya; ni ugukomeza inzira yo guhuriza hamwe. Ubunararibonye bwabo hamwe nudusimba twihariye mugukina bisobanurwa muburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bisa muburyo bwacumuye. Urashobora kugenzura uburyo bwabo kurubuga rwabo kuri https://www.tsingtaocnc.com-Ibikorwa byabo byahujwe kuva kubumba kugeza kubikoresho nibyo byingenzi PM igezweho isaba.
Kunanirwa cyane nabonye ni igihe PM na mashini zacecekeshejwe. Uwashushanyije yerekanye urukuta ruto iruhande rwumufuka wakozwe mugice cya ferrous PM. Iduka rya PM ryakoze ibisobanuro, ariko urukuta rwari rufite 85%. Umukanishi, wakoreshaga ibyuma bikomeye, yafashe gukata bisanzwe. Urukuta rwaranyeganyega, igikoresho kiraganira, kandi inyubako nini yarasenyutse. Isomo? DFM (Igishushanyo mbonera) kuri PM igomba gushyiramo ingamba zo gutunganya. Rimwe na rimwe, nibyiza gukora imashini yoroheje mbere yo gucumura, cyangwa kwerekana icyerekezo cyaho.
Umutego wigikoresho hamwe no kwihanganira bihagije
Igikoresho ni umutima wikinyamakuru-na-sinter, kandi nigiciro kinini cyo hejuru. Ikigeragezo nugushushanya igice cyinzego nyinshi kugirango ibikorwa byinshi bigerweho, guhuzagurika muburyo bwose. Ariko buri rwego, buri munsi, byongera ibikoresho bigoye, kwambara, hamwe ningaruka za gradients. Naguye muri uyu mutego hakiri kare. Twashizeho ibikoresho byiza cyane hamwe nibisobanuro byahujwe byumwirondoro. Igikoresho cyari inzozi mbi, gisabwa inkoni zingenzi zoroshye zunamye, biganisha ku kuzuza bidahuye kuzuza ibice. Ibice byagombaga gucapwa ariko bigakorwa nabi bitewe nubucucike butandukanye.
Rimwe na rimwe, gukina ubwenge ni ugukora ibintu byoroheje, bikomeye PM preform na mashini ibintu bigoye. Numva ari ukwemererwa, ariko akenshi birashoboka cyane kandi bikoresha amafaranga menshi. Ubworoherane nubundi buryo bwo kwifuza kwimuwe. Gufata ± 0.025mm kuri diametre yacumuye murwego rumwe birasaba ibibazo no kugenzura 100%. Inganda zifite amasomo yo kwihanganira bisanzwe kubwimpamvu. Gusobanukirwa igihe cyo gusaba Icyiciro X (precision precision) na Class Y, no kugeza ibyo kubakiriya, nigice cyingenzi cyakazi. Nibijyanye no gucunga ibyateganijwe hamwe nukuri ko guhuza ifu no kureba ko igabanuka kandi ikagurumana mu itanura.
Kugabanuka ntabwo ari umurongo. Irashobora gutandukana nicyerekezo gikomatanya (anisotropic), ninzozi mbi kubice birebire, binini. Twigeze gukora urukurikirane rwibikorwa. Bahuye n'uburebure n'ubugari nyuma yo gucumura, ariko kugoreka (uburyo bw'intambara) ntabwo byari bihuye. Intandaro? Imihindagurikire mito muri powder yuzuza uburebure mu rupfu, rwahinduye ikwirakwizwa ryicyatsi kibisi. Gukemura byasabye ko hajyaho uburyo bushya bwo kugaburira inkweto, ntabwo ari uguhindura itanura gusa.
Icyatsi kibisi: Aho Byose Byemejwe
Intwari itaririmbwe-cyangwa saboteur icecekeye-ya PM nigice cyicyatsi. Ngiyo gukanda-ariko-idacometse. Ubunyangamugayo bwabwo ni byose. Gukata umusatsi cyangwa kumurika biturutse ku gusohora bidakwiye ntibishobora gukira mu gucumura; bazagenda nabi. Gukemura ibice byicyatsi bisaba gukoraho byoroheje. Nabonye pallets zose zibice zahindutse amatongo kuko umutekinisiye mushya yabitwaye nkibikoresho byabigenewe.
Icyatsi kibisi numutungo ugaragaza hamwe na binders hamwe namavuta. Ariko ni ibicuruzwa. Amavuta menshi yorohereza gusohora kandi atezimbere ubucucike, ariko asiga ibisigara byinshi kugirango bitwike mugihe cyo gucumura, bishobora kugira ingaruka kumyuka ya karubone mubyuma. Nibibazo bya chimie bihishe nkikibazo cya mashini. Kuri sosiyete nka QSY, ubuhanga bwe mubikonoshwa no gushora imari bizengurutse ibikoresho bibumba hamwe no kuzunguruka, iki kirere cyacumuye hamwe nicyiciro cyo gukuramo amashyuza byaba ari ahantu hamenyerewe. Amahame yo kugabanura ubushyuhe bwumuriro aringaniza, gusa akoreshwa kumashanyarazi ifu aho gushushanya ibishashara.
Kugenzura ibice byicyatsi nubuhanzi. Ntushobora gukoresha uburyo bwinshi budasenya. Bikunze kumanuka mubigenzurwa munsi yumucyo mwiza no kumva uburyo igice kigomba kumvikana mugihe cyoroshye. Nubuhanga buke ariko ni ngombwa. Igice kibisi gifite inenge ni ibisakuzo; urimo guta imbaraga gusa kugirango ucumure.
Kureba imbere: Ntabwo ari inzira y'ibicuruzwa
Ingaruka nini kuri ifu ya metallurgie inganda ni Kubonwa nk'igicuruzwa. Niba ari ugukanda gusa ibyuma bihendutse, icyo gikorwa amaherezo kizimukira kubiciro bidahenze. Igihe kizaza kiri mubikoresho bigezweho, guhuza ibikorwa bigoye, hamwe no gukora imvange. Tekereza PM nkurubuga rwibintu. Urashobora gukora ibihimbano-nka aluminiyumu ishimangirwa na silicon karbide ibice-bidashoboka gushonga. Cyangwa ibikoresho byashyizwe mubikorwa aho ibihimbano bihinduka mugice.
Kwishyira hamwe hamwe ninganda ziyongera nabyo birahuza imirongo. Guhuza ibyuma ni, ku nkingi yacyo, a ifu ya metallurgie inzira. Inzitizi zo gucumura, kugoreka, no kugenzura microstructural zirahari, zongerewe nubusanzwe icyatsi kibisi kiri hasi. Numuryango umwe wibibazo, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gushiraho. Aha niho ubumenyi bwimbitse buturuka kuri PM gakondo buba ingirakamaro.
Ntabwo rero, inganda zirenga. Biragenda bihinduka. Ariko birasaba guhinduka kuva mubitanga igice gusa kuba ibikoresho numujyanama mubikorwa byo gukora. Ugomba kuyobora igishushanyo, gutunga urunigi rwose kuva ifu kugeza kumashini yarangiye, kandi ukaba inyangamugayo mubushobozi bwubushobozi n'imbibi. Nuburyo wimuka ukarenga kuba iduka ryabanyamakuru hanyuma ukaba umufatanyabikorwa wubwubatsi. Ibigo bibona ibi, bifite imashini yubumenyi nubumenyi bwibikoresho kugirango bishyigikire gahunda ya PM, nibyo bizakomeza kumyaka 30 iri imbere.
