Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'udasanzwe twiziritse', batekereza kumashanyarazi akomeye kuri moteri yindege cyangwa imodoka yo kwiruka. Ibyo ni igice cyacyo, byanze bikunze, ariko kandi niho hambere imyumvire mibi ya mbere. Ntabwo ari imbaraga zanyuma gusa. Byerekeranye nibidukikije birananirana. Nabonye imishinga myinshi aho itsinda ryashakishije nikel ndende ya nikel yo hejuru kugirango irwanye ruswa, gusa ikayifata ikayifata mugihe cyo kuyishyiraho kuko birengagije imyuka mibi ya annealed idasanzwe in-clamp imbaraga zingirakamaro. Urupapuro rwerekana ko 'rudashobora kwangirika,' bahagarika gusoma aho. Igikorwa nyacyo gitangira nyuma yo guhitamo ibikoresho shingiro.
Umwihariko muri Alloy ntabwo ari amarozi
Reka tuvuge kubyerekeranye nigituma 'kidasanzwe' kubifata. Mubisanzwe hiyongereyeho ibintu nka nikel, cobalt, molybdenum, cyangwa chromium mubice ijana kwijana kugirango ugere kumurongo wumutungo runaka. Tekereza Inconel 718, Hastelloy C-276, cyangwa MP35N. Ariko dore gufata bifatika: aya mavuta azwiho kugora imashini. Igipimo cyo kunaniza akazi kirakabije. Niba ibipimo byawe byo gutunganya byahagaritswe na gato - igipimo cyo kugaburira gahoro gahoro, kurugero - ntukigabanya ibikoresho, urakomeza gusa ubuso bwacyo hamwe nuruhande rwibikoresho, biganisha ku kwambara ibikoresho byihuse hamwe nubusembwa bwubutaka bwihuta mubyihuta. Ibi ntabwo ari amahame. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare hamwe na stade ya Waspaloy. Utudodo twasaga neza nyuma yo gutunganywa, ariko mugihe cyo kugenzura ultrasonic, twasanze micro-crack zitangirira kumuzi. Impamvu? Guhangayikishwa n'ibisigaye biturutse kubikorwa bikabije byo guhindura ibintu bitagabanije guhangayika neza. Imiterere yihariye 'idasanzwe' yongereye ikibazo.
Aha niho gufatanya nu ruganda rukora imashini zifite imashini zifite imyaka mirongo isanzwe mubibazo byimikino. Ndatekereza kubitanga twakoranye, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Amateka yabo mu gushora imari no gushushanya ibishishwa mu myaka irenga 30, cyane cyane hamwe na cobalt hamwe na nikel ishingiye kuri nikel, bibaha imyumvire yibanze yukuntu ibyo bikoresho bitwara kuva mumazi kugeza igice cyarangiye. Ntabwo ari ugukora gahunda ya CNC gusa. Nukumenya ko nikel runaka ivanze ikenera ubushyuhe bwihariye hagati yimikorere cyangwa izagoreka. Ntushobora gukuramo ubwo bumenyi mubitabo bisanzwe byo gutunganya. Urashobora kubona byinshi kuburyo bwabo kurubuga rwabo, tsingtaocnc.com. Nibikorwa byurwego rwimyumvire itandukanya kwihuta gukoreshwa nuwizewe.
Indi nance ni uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe. Kubyuma byinshi bidafite ingese, ufite kuzimya no kurakara. Hamwe nimvura ikomera nikel alloys, gusaza ni byose. Igihe nubushyuhe bigomba kugenzurwa kumunota kugirango ubone impirimbanyi ikwiye yimbaraga no guhindagurika. Ndibuka ikibazo aho umukiriya yinubiye kuvunika kuvunika muri Inconel 718. Bashakishaga iburyo bwa AMS. Iperereza ryakozwe, twasanze bakuze ku bushyuhe bukwiye, ariko umutwaro w’itanura wari mwinshi cyane, bituma ubushyuhe butaringaniye ndetse no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho bya mashini hirya no hino. Abatsinzwe bari baturutse ahantu hakonje mu itanura. Umuti 'udasanzwe' wasuzuguwe nuburyo busanzwe bwinganda zakozwe nta bwitonzi buhagije.
Ingingo zo Kunanirwa Utabona Kuza
Ruswa ni ijambo ryagutse. Hamwe na idasanzwe, dukunze guhangana na pitingi, corvice ruswa, cyangwa guhagarika umutima (SCC) mubitangazamakuru byihariye. Umuvuduko urashobora kuba mwiza kubidukikije bya gaze (H2S irwanya) ariko bizananirana bikabije biterwa na SCC iterwa na chloride mukirere cyinyanja. Guhitamo ntabwo byangirika cyangwa ntabwo. Byerekeranye nisupu yimiti nyayo yicaye, harimo ibintu bya trike. Twigeze gukoresha titanium alloy ifata mugukoresha amazi yinyanja, nziza cyane kubora muri rusange. Ariko sisitemu yari ifite ibimenyetso bya methanol nka inhibitor ya hydrate. Muburyo bumwe bwo guhangayika, ibi byatangije ibyago bya methanol iterwa na SCC, uburyo bwo kunanirwa ntabwo kuri radar yacu yambere. Tugomba gusubira inyuma hanyuma tugahindukira murwego rwohejuru duplex idafite ibyuma.
Noneho hariho ruswa ya galvanic. Guhuza umunyacyubahiro idasanzwe nka cobalt ishingiye kuri aluminium cyangwa ibyuma bya karubone isaba ibibazo. Urimo gutamba muburyo shingiro. Kwihuta bizaba ari byiza mugihe birya ibikoresho bikikije. Igisubizo ntabwo buri gihe cyihuta; rimwe na rimwe ni ukwitandukanya no gukaraba cyangwa gutwikira, ariko ibyo bitwikiriye ubwabyo bigomba kuba bihuye kandi ntibizane ingaruka za hydrogène. Ni urunigi rwo kwishingikiriza.
Kwiyubaka ni ikibanza cyacyo. Imbaraga ndende zibi bifata akenshi bisobanura umuriro mwinshi usabwa. Kugera kuri izo mbaraga zifata utagoretse umutwe cyangwa ngo urenge aho umusaruro wigice cyo gushyingiranwa bisaba ubwitonzi. Gusiga amavuta ni ngombwa. Gukoresha amavuta atari yo arashobora kwanduza sisitemu mu kirere cyangwa mu byiciro-byo kurya. Gukoresha ntanumwe birashobora gushikana kuri galling navuze kare. Twashyizeho ibipimo byihariye, byemewe kurwanya anti-seize kumiryango itandukanye ivanze, kandi iyo ntambwe yoroshye yakuyeho hafi 80% yibibazo byo kwishyiriraho umurima.
Iyo Gutera Guhura Kumashini Yuzuye
Iri ni ihuriro rishimishije. Kubintu byihuta byihuta bya geometrike - tekereza ibinini binini, bifunze bidasanzwe kugirango bifungire kuri turbine, cyangwa byihuta bifite ibice byamazi byuzuye - gushora imari birashobora kuba intangiriro yo guhimba cyangwa gutunganya ibicuruzwa byabitswe. Urabona hafi-net-shusho, igabanya ingano yinini ihenze ukeneye gukora imashini kure. Isosiyete nka QSY, yibanda kubintu bibiri kuri shell / ishoramari no gutunganya CNC, hashyizweho ubu bwoko bwo gukora inganda.
Akarusho ni ibintu bitemba neza. Igice cyimashini gikata muburyo bw'ingano. Gukora neza neza, gukurikirwa no gukanda isostatike ishyushye (HIP) kugirango ikureho imbere, irashobora kugira imiterere imwe ihuza imiterere igoye. Noneho, ibintu byingenzi bitwara imitwaro - insanganyamatsiko, hejuru yubutaka, munsi yumutwe wa radiyo - byakozwe neza murugo. Ibi bigenzura urunigi rwose. Ibyago byo kubona casting kubacuruzi umwe, kubyohereza mumaduka yimashini itamenyereye imiterere yihariye ya dendritic hamwe nibibazo bisigaye, ni byinshi. Kumeneka mugihe cyanyuma cyo gutunganya nibisanzwe, kandi bihenze, ibisubizo.
Ndibuka gusuzuma isuzuma rinini rya Monel K500 hamwe na flange bolt ya mashini yo guhuza marine. Icyitegererezo cyambere kivuye murwego rwo gutanga cyananiranye mugihe cyinzibacyuho. Isesengura ryatsinzwe ryerekanaga micro-shrinkage porosity kuva muri casting itari yarafunzwe burundu na HIP, hanyuma ikora nkibintu byibanda kumutwe mugihe cyo guterana. Guhuriza hamwe inzira hamwe nisoko imwe itanga isoko yagenzuraga ubunyangamugayo bwa casting hamwe nibikoresho bya nyuma byo gutunganya byakemutse. Bahinduye sisitemu yo kwinjirira kumurongo wa casting hanyuma babanza gutunganya ubusa mbere ya HIP ya nyuma, hanyuma barangiza insanganyamatsiko. Itandukaniro ryari ijoro n'umurango.
Igiciro na Kwizerwa: Kubara nyabyo
Nta kiganiro kijyanye idasanzwe byuzuye nta kuvuga ikiguzi. Bolt imwe ya Inconel irashobora kugura inshuro 50-100 kurenza icyiciro cya 8 cyicyuma. Inkomoko nukureba aho ushobora guha agaciro injeniyeri. Aha niho uburambe butaka ngo witonde. Gusimbuza ibyiciro byo hasi cyangwa kwemera kwihanganira urwego rwagutse kugirango uzigame 15% kuruhande birashobora kugwiza ibyago byo gutsindwa, ikiguzi cyacyo kirimo igihe gito, ibyangiritse, hamwe nuburyozwe.
Ibiharuro biva mubice-byigiciro kugeza kubiciro byose bya nyirubwite. Mu mavuta yo munsi yinyanja & gazi igiti cya Noheri, kunanirwa kwihuta ntabwo ari ikibazo cyo kubungabunga; ni impanuka zishobora kubidukikije no guhagarika umusaruro bitwara miriyoni kumunsi. Hano, ubwizerwe bwakorewe mubyihuta binyuze muburyo bwo gutoranya ibintu neza, kugenzura ibicuruzwa, no kugerageza bikomeye (nka ASTM F606 igerageza kumiterere ya mashini na NACE MR0175 yo guhagarika sulfide) nigitekerezo cyagaciro. Ni politiki y'ubwishingizi.
Rimwe na rimwe, igisubizo ntabwo aricyo kidasanzwe. Twari dufite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru (hafi 650 ° C) aho igishushanyo cya mbere cyasabye superalloy ya cobalt ihenze cyane. Mugusubiramo igishushanyo, twabonye ko dushobora kugabanya imihangayiko kuri fastener duhindura igishushanyo cya flange gato. Ibi byadushoboje kumanuka kumurongo usanzwe ariko uracyafite ubushobozi bwa nikel-chromium, twizigamire ikiguzi kinini tutabangamiye ubuzima bwimyaka 20. Urufunguzo rwari uguhuza nubuhanga bwihuse nibikoresho byambere mugushushanya, ntabwo ari amasoko yatekerejweho.
Kwifata: Ni Sisitemu, Ntabwo ari Ibigize
None, ibyo byose bimaze iki? A. idasanzwe ntabwo arikintu cyibicuruzwa gusa ukuramo kurutonde. Nibikoresho bya sisitemu ikora cyane. Imikorere yacyo nigikorwa cya metallurgjiya, urunigi rwo gukora (rwaba ruva mubitanga isoko nka QSY cyangwa itsinda rihujwe), uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho, hamwe nibidukikije bikora. Kwirengagiza imwe muriyo miyoboro ni ubutumire bwo gutsindwa.
Inganda zigenda zigana kumurongo winyandiko. Ntabwo bikiri bihagije kugira icyemezo cyibikoresho. Abakiriya bifuza ibyiciro byose bikurikirana, gutunganya ibyakozwe, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo kuvura. Uru rwego rwo kugenzura rugenda rusanzwe mubikorwa bikomeye. Iragusunikira kubatanga bafite sisitemu na disipuline yo kubitanga, ntabwo ari ibikoresho byimashini gusa.
Mu kurangiza, gukorana nibi bikoresho bikwigisha kubaha. Ntabwo ari isasu rya feza. Nibikoresho, iyo byunvikana kandi bigashyirwa mubikorwa hamwe no kumenya byimazeyo ibyo basabwa nibisabwa, bifasha ikoranabuhanga gukorera ahantu bidashoboka - imbere muri turbine yindege, munsi yinyanja, cyangwa muruganda rukora imiti yangirika. Ngiyo agaciro nyako. Kwihuta ubwabyo nigaragaza ryumubiri ryubumenyi bwinshi bwihariye kandi bugenzurwa.
