Iyo umuntu abajije ibyerekeranye n 'ubwoko bwa powder metallurgie,' igisubizo cyigitabo gisanzwe ni urutonde rwiza: kanda na sinter, kubumba inshinge zicyuma, gukanda isostatike ishyushye, nibindi. Ariko mubikorwa, ibyo byiciro birasukuye cyane. Irabura impanvu yimpamvu wahitamo umwe murindi gice runaka, hamwe nukuri-kwisi kwiyunga kuzana na buri. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi biza aho guhitamo bisa nkibishingiye kubisobanuro bya catalog aho gusobanukirwa byimbitse nimbogamizi zikorwa. Reka tuvuge kubyo ubu bwoko busobanura mubyukuri mugihe ugerageza gukora igice gikora, kimara, kandi kidatwara bije.
Akazi k'akazi: Itangazamakuru risanzwe na Sinter
Aha niho abantu benshi batangirira, kandi kubwimpamvu nziza. Birahenze cyane kubunini buringaniye bworoshye. Ufata ifu yicyuma, ukuzuza ipfa, ukande munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi, hanyuma ukayungurura mu itanura kugirango uhuze ibice. Urufunguzo hano ni 'ugereranije byoroshye.' Amashanyarazi? Wibagirwe. Itandukaniro rikomeye mubugari bwurukuta? Urasaba ibibazo hamwe na gradients ya density izagaragara mubikorwa.
Twigeze kugira umushinga wibikoresho bito. Igishushanyo cyasaga neza neza kanda na sinter. Ariko umukiriya yari afite igikonjo gityaye, cyimbitse kugirango agumane impeta. Mu cyiciro cyo gucumura, icyo gice cyoroshye. Twagombaga gusubira inyuma hanyuma tukongera gushushanya ibishishwa kuri radiyo yoroheje, hanyuma bigasaba guhindura igice cyo gushyingiranwa. Nibisobanuro bito bitari mu gatabo. Ibikoresho bya mashini nibyiza, ariko ni anisotropique - ikomeye perpendicular yerekeza kubinyamakuru. Niba ikibazo cyawe cyumutwaro kidahuye nibyo, ugomba kumenya.
Urutonde rwibintu hano ni rugari, kuva icyuma-umuringa-karubone ivanze ibice byibanze byubaka kugeza ibyuma bito. Ariko iyo winjiye mubisabwa kubintu nkibyuma bitagira umwanda kubice na sinter igice, ugomba kwitonda. Ikirere cyangiritse kigomba kugenzurwa cyane kugirango wirinde okiside ya chromium, yongeraho ikiguzi. Rimwe na rimwe, birumvikana cyane gutanga igitekerezo gitandukanye ifu ya metallurgie inzira cyangwa nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukora rwose.
Iyo bigoye bitaganiriweho: Gushushanya ibyuma (MIM)
MIM nigisubizo mugihe igice cyawe gisa nkibikoresho bya pulasitike byakozwe ariko bigomba kuba ibyuma. Tekereza ibintu bigoye, bito, bigoye - utwugarizo dufite imyobo myinshi ku mpande zidasanzwe, urwasaya rw'ibikoresho byo kubaga, ibice bifunga miniature. Inzira ivanga ifu nziza yicyuma hamwe na polymer binder, inshinge irabumba, ikuraho binder, ikayicumura. Urabona hafi-yuzuye ubucucike nuburyo bwiza cyane.
Ifatwa? Ninzira ndende, yoroshye cyane. Icyiciro cyo gukuraho kirakomeye kandi kiratinda; byihute, ukabona ibice cyangwa ibisebe. Kugabanuka mugihe cyo gucumura kwa nyuma nabyo birahambaye kandi birahanurwa, ariko ugomba gushushanya ibikoresho byabugenewe kugirango ubyishyure neza. Ndibuka icyiciro cyibice bihuza aho ibikoresho byaciwe hashingiwe hakiri kare, ibintu bike bigabanuka. Kwiruka byose byasohotse amanota make munsi. Ubusa. Isomo ryagombaga guhora, burigihe gukora ibigeragezo hamwe nifu yukuri hamwe na binder ibiryo uteganya gukoresha kubyara umusaruro.
Ikiguzi-cyiza, kiri hejuru kubice kuruta gukanda no gucumura, ariko kubisabwa neza, ntibishoboka. Twashakishije ibice bya MIM kubakiriya bakeneye imiterere igoye, ikora cyane aho gutunganya ibintu bikomeye byaba bihenze cyane. Ibigo nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe namateka yabo yimbitse mugutunganya no gutunganya neza, akenshi bitanga ibikorwa byingenzi byigice cyibice bya MIM, nka CNC itomoye ikora datum igaragara nyuma yo gucumura kugirango yihangane inzira MIM yonyine idashobora kwemeza.
Ikibuga Cyiza-Cyiza: Gukanda Isostatike Ashyushye (HIP) na Hanze
Aha niho ujya ibice bidashobora kugira ubusa. Ndashaka kuvuga, zero porosity. Indege ya turbine ya aerosmace, primaire yubuvuzi, ibikomoka kuri peteroli ya peteroli na gaze. HIP ishyiraho ifu yabugenewe mbere (ikunze gushyirwa mubikoresho bifunze) kugeza ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe na gaze ya isostatike iturutse impande zose icyarimwe. Igisubizo ni microstructure yuzuye, yuzuye.
Igiciro ni kinini. Ibikoresho bihenze bidasanzwe kugura no gukora. Ntabwo aribikorwa byinshi. Urimo kuyikoresha kubisabwa cyane. Uburyo bushimishije bwa Hybrid ni ugukoresha HIP kugirango ukize inenge zimbere muri casting. Aka ni agace ibikoresho byabatanga ibikoresho byingenzi. Kurugero, gukorana nudusimba twihariye nka nikel-ishingiye kuri cobalt-isanzwe mubikorwa byo gushora imari bikorwa nibigo nka QSY (urashobora kubona ibikoresho byabo kuri https://www.tsingtaocnc.com) - isaba ubumenyi bwuzuye bwukuntu ifu yitwara mugihe cyinzira ya HIP kugirango wirinde ibyiciro bitifuzwa.
Kurenga HIP, hariho isi yose yubwoko bugaragara kandi bwihariye. Spark Plasma Gucumura kubutaka bwambere hamwe nibigize. Kwiyongera kwibyuma, mubyukuri mubyiciro ifu ya metallurgie. Ariko hamwe na AM, urimo ucuruza igitutu cya isotropic ya HIP kubibazo byumuriro wa laser cyangwa electron. Nka-yubatswe hejuru yubuso hamwe nibibazo byimbere imbere ni inyamaswa zitandukanye, akenshi bisaba HIP nyuma yuburyo bwose kugirango ufunge micro-porosity. Ntabwo ari ubwoko butandukanye nibindi bikoresho bishya mubikoresho byo guhuza ifu.
Ibikoresho ni Ubutumwa
Ntushobora gutandukanya ubwoko bwibikorwa nibikoresho. Kuganira ifu ya metallurgie utaganiriye ku ifu ni nko kuvuga guteka utavuze ibiyigize. Ifu ya atomize yamazi ihendutse, muburyo budasanzwe, kandi nibyiza kubinyamakuru na sinter. Ifu ya gaz atomize ifatika, itemba neza kuri MIM cyangwa AM, ariko ihenze cyane. Uburyo bwo kuvanga ibintu nabyo bifite akamaro-urimo gukoresha ifu yabanje kuvangwa cyangwa kuvanga ifu yibanze? Imbere-ivanze itanga imitungo myinshi ariko irazimvye. Kuvanga ibice birashobora kuganisha kuri inhomogeneité niba bidakozwe neza.
Twagize ikibazo cyo gusesengura kunanirwa igice cyicyuma gikomeye. Byasobanuwe kubisabwa-kwambara cyane. Igice cyatsinze QC yambere ariko birananirana imburagihe. Metallurgie yerekanaga uduce twa austenite yagumishijwe, yoroshye. Intandaro? Kudahuza kuvanga grafite (karubone) hamwe nifu ya fer yibanze mbere yo gukanda. Mugihe cyo gucumura, karubone ntiyakwirakwiriye kimwe, kuburyo uduce tumwe na tumwe tudakomeye neza. Gukosora kwari uguhindura ifu yabugenewe mbere hamwe na karubone imaze gukemuka. Ikibazo cyakemutse, ariko kuri 15% ibiciro byiyongera. Nubwoko bwo gucuruza bibaho buri munsi.
Niyo mpamvu gufatanya nu ruganda rukora imashini cyangwa imashini yumva ibikoresho kururu rwego ni ngombwa. Isosiyete ifite imyaka 30 mu gukina no gutunganya, nka QSY, izana ubwo bwenge bwa metallurgical. Bashobora kuba badakora ifu, ariko bazi uburyo ibyo bikoresho bitwara munsi yubushyuhe no guhangayikishwa nakazi kabo guta icyuma, ibyuma, ibyuma bidafite ingese, hamwe nudukoryo twihariye. Ubwo bumenyi bwambukiranya ni ingirakamaro mugihe uhisemo inzira ya PM ugateganya uburyo igice kizakora nyuma yo gucumura.
Guhuza hamwe ninganda gakondo
Imirongo irimo urujijo. Inzira isanzwe cyane ubu ni a ifu ya metallurgie hafi-net-shusho yuburyo bukurikirwa no gutunganya neza. Urashobora MIM cyangwa gukanda no gucumura igice kugeza kuri 95% yuburyo bwanyuma, hanyuma ukazana urusyo rwa CNC kugirango rukore imashini irambuye neza, insinga, cyangwa ubuso bukomeye. Ubu buryo bwa Hybrid butunganya ibiciro nibikorwa.
Nakoze ku mibiri ya valve aho igice kinini cyimbere cyimbere cyakozwe binyuze muri MIM, ariko isura ya flange hamwe nicyambu cyicyuma byari CNC yakozwe nyuma yo gucumura. Nibwo buryo bwonyine bwo kugera kubisabwa bisabwa kurangiza no kwihanganira geometrike kuri ibyo bintu byihariye. Isoko ritanga ubuhanga bwa PM hamwe no gutunganya urugo, nkuko bigaragara muri QSY yibanda ku guta ibishishwa, gushora imari, no gutunganya CNC, bihagaze neza kuri ubu buryo bwo gukemura ibibazo. Itunganya itumanaho no kubazwa ibyo dukora.
Guhitamo ubwoko bwa PM rero, ntabwo ari icyemezo cyihariye. Nintambwe yambere muri gahunda yo gukora. Ugomba kubaza: Ni ibihe bikorwa bya kabiri bizakenerwa? Igice kizarangira gute? Yashizweho? Uburyo bwo gucumura bugira ingaruka kuri chimie yo hejuru, ishobora kugira ingaruka kumasahani cyangwa gukora amarangi. Byose birahujwe. Kubitekerezaho nko gutoranya 'ubwoko' muri menu ni ikosa rikomeye ushobora gukora. Byerekeranye na injeniyeri yo gutanga amasoko hamwe numuyoboro utanga ibintu bikora. Ifu ni intangiriro.
