Iyo uvuze 'guta umusenyi', abantu benshi bashushanya firime yumukara-n-umweru wa etage yubatswe, ibibatsi biguruka, abagabo batera umucanga. Ibyo ntabwo ari bibi, ariko ni isonga rya ice ice. Inkuru nyayo iri muburyo burambuye - ubwumvikane, gukemura ibibazo, ubwaguke bukabije bwibyo iyi nzira ishobora kandi idashobora gukora. Ntabwo ari ugukora ifu mu mucanga gusa; nibijyanye no gucunga imbyino irimo akajagari yubushyuhe, chimie, na physics kugirango ubone igice cyakoreshwa. Ibintu byinshi cyane biza hamwe no guta umucanga byafashwe nkibihendutse, byoroshye kuri byose. Nuburyo bwihuse bwo gutwika amafaranga nigihe. Reka tuvuge aho bimurika rwose, aho biguye, nibyo ukeneye kumenya mbere yuko wiyemeza.
Intego yacyo: Icyatsi kibisi na Oya-Bake, nimpamvu bifite akamaro
Niba utari mwisi yisi, ushobora gutekereza ko umucanga ari umucanga gusa. Ngiyo gutandukana kwambere. Icyatsi kibisi—Ibisanzwe - ikoresha umucanga wuzuye ibumba. Nibyihuta, byongeye gukoreshwa, numwanda uhendutse kubintu byabumbwe ubwabyo. Ariko 'icyatsi' bivuga ubushuhe, ntabwo ari ibidukikije. Ukuri kurwego? Reka tubyite 'kubabarira'. Urabona neza neza kurangiza kubikorwa byo gutara, ariko kandi urimo guhangana nubusembwa buhanitse bujyanye nubushuhe niba umucanga utagenzuwe neza. Imyobo ya gaze, kubyimba - ni intambara ihoraho.
Noneho ufite no-guteka umucanga Sisitemu. Umusenyi uhujwe. Ibi biguha uburyo bwiza cyane butajegajega, neza, hamwe no kurangiza neza. Ubucuruzi? Igiciro kuri buri gicapo kiri hejuru, kandi gutunganya umucanga bigenda bigorana. Ntabwo uhitamo hagati yabo ukurikije igitabo; uhitamo ukurikije igice cya geometrie, ibivanze, nurwego rusabwa. Kubyoroshye byicyuma cyinshi, umucanga wicyatsi birashoboka. Kubintu bigoye cyane byibyuma aho ibikoresho byo gutunganya ari ingenzi, birashoboka ko ureba uburyo bwo guteka, wenda ndetse na Hybride nkibishishwa bibumba QSY ikora, nubwo ibyo ari inyamaswa zitandukanye.
Ndibuka akazi kumazu ya pompe, hagati-hagati, muri fer ductile. Igishushanyo cyahamagariye kwihanganira gukomeye ahantu harambiwe. Twabivuze nka no-guteka. Umukiriya yasubije inyuma, ashaka icyatsi kibisi gihenze. Twagerageje gukora sample. Gutandukana mubipimo byabashitsi byari ahantu hose. Amaduka yimashini ntashobora gufata umwanya kuko amafaranga yimigabane ntabwo yari amwe. Twarangije kurya ikiguzi kugirango duhindure no-guteka umusaruro-wo hagati. Isomo? Inzira 'ihendutse' ntabwo ihendutse niba isenya ibikorwa byawe byo hasi. Ubu ni ubwoko bwa calculus ifatika iduka nka Ikoranabuhanga rya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), hamwe nimyaka yabo yo gukina no gutunganya, ikora muburyo butaziguye - babona urunigi rwose, ntabwo ari ugusuka gusa.
Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Ntabwo Byerekeranye no Gushonga
Urashobora guta ibyuma hafi ya byose bisuka mumucanga. Shira icyuma, ibyuma, bidafite ingese, bronzes, aluminium. Gufata nuburyo ibikoresho bitwara n'umucanga. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, nka nikel-ishingiye kuri QSY urutonde, menyekanisha urundi rwego rwose rugoye. Ihererekanyabubasha riratandukanye. Icyuma kigumaho amazi maremare, gishobora gutuma umucanga utwikwa kandi ukinjira, ukangiza ubuso. Urashobora gukenera umusenyi udasanzwe cyangwa ibipfundikizo-bishingiye kuri zircon, akenshi-byongera ikiguzi n'intambwe.
Gutera umucanga wa aluminium nisi yacyo. Birasa nkibyoroshye kubera ubushyuhe bwo hasi, ariko birashobora kugabanuka kubyunvikana hamwe nibishobora guterwa niba amarembo no kuzamuka bitakozwe neza. Amazi meza ni meza, bityo yuzuza ibice bito neza, ariko kandi bivuze ko byihuse kwerekana inenge iyo ari yo yose ijyanye n’imivurungano. Kuri aluminium, ubwiza bwo kuvura gushonga (degassing, gutunganya ingano) mbere yuko ikora ku mucanga ni 50% byintambara. Uruganda rukora aluminiyumu nyinshi ruzaba rufite uburyo butandukanye rwose nubuhanga bwashizweho burenze bumwe bwihariye mubyuma.
Twigeze kugerageza hamwe na cobalt ivanze na plaque yo kwambara. Amavuta ubwayo yari inzozi zinkomoko. Igikorwa cyo guta umucanga niyo nzira yonyine ishobora kubaho kubera ubunini bwigice. Ikibazo gikomeye cyari amarira ashyushye. Urwego rukomeye rwumuti hamwe no kubuza kuva kumusenyi byatumaga buri gihe. Twagombaga kongera gushushanya igice cya geometrie kugirango tugire uburebure bwurukuta rumwe, twongereho padding stratégie (ibikoresho byongeweho) mubice bimwe na bimwe kugirango bikorwe nyuma, hanyuma dukoreshe imvange yumusenyi ishobora kugwa. Cyakoze, ariko umusaruro wari uteye ubwoba. Yagaragaje ko hamwe na exotic alloys, umusenyi ni ubwumvikane hagati yubwisanzure bwa geometrike nubunyangamugayo bwibintu.
Icyitegererezo: Ishoramari ryambere kandi rikomeye
Ibintu byose bitangirana nicyitegererezo. Ibiti, plastiki, ibyuma, cyangwa muri iki gihe, umucanga wacapishijwe 3D. Igiciro cyikigereranyo nigiciro cyawe cya mbere cyarohamye. Kuri prototype cyangwa amajwi make cyane, imashini ikozwe (imashini ikoreshwa) cyangwa umucanga wacapishijwe 3D wacapishijwe umukino. Ariko kubyara umusaruro, ukeneye icyitegererezo kirambye. Kurangiza kubishushanyo bisobanurwa neza kurangiza kuri casting. Igishushanyo icyo aricyo cyose, kudatungana kwose, bigenda byigana.
Gutegura inguni. Ibi bisa na Foundry 101, ariko watangazwa numubare wubwubatsi wibagiwe kongeramo umushinga uhagije, cyangwa mubi, gushushanya umushinga mubi. Mu mucanga wicyatsi, ukeneye izindi nteguro kuko urimo uzunguruka umucanga uzengurutse ishusho - ugomba kuyikuramo neza. Muri no-guteka, urashobora rimwe na rimwe kwikuramo bike kuko ifu yakize kandi ikomeye. Igice cya kabiri gishobora kuba itandukaniro riri hagati yicyitegererezo kimara ibihumbi n'ibihumbi byangirika kurikurura mirongo itanu.
Amafaranga y'icyitegererezo. Ubu ni uburambe. Urimo kongeramo ibikoresho byongeweho (amafaranga yo gutunganya) kurugero kugirango casting isohoke cyane, yiteguye kumashini ya CNC. Ariko bangahe? Biterwa nubunini bwigice, ibivanze (igipimo cyo kugabanuka), hamwe nurugendo ruteganijwe kurukuta. Kubyuma binini, ushobora kongeramo 3-5mm kuri buri buso. Wibeshye, kandi ushobora gusiga ibintu byinshi, guta igihe cyo gutunganya nubuzima bwibikoresho, cyangwa bike cyane, bikavamo inenge y 'uruhu' aho igikoresho kidashobora kweza hejuru yubutaka. Aha niho amaduka ahuriweho afite inyungu nini. Isosiyete ikora byombi umusenyi na Imashini ya CNC munzu, nka QSY, irashobora guhindura iyi nkunga ishingiye kumateka yabo bwite kuva mumaduka yabo, ntabwo ari ugukeka. Bafunga uruziga.
Kwinjira no Kuzamuka: Ubuhanzi butagaragara
Nuburozi bwirabura bwimirimo yo gushinga. Niho siyanse ihurira n'ubuhanzi, kandi rimwe na rimwe, gusenga. Sisitemu yo kwinjirira - imiyoboro iyobora ibyuma mu cyuho - ikeneye kuzuza vuba vuba ariko ituje. Imvururu ni umwanzi; itera okiside hamwe nisuri. Urashaka gutemba kwa laminar. Ibyago (cyangwa ibiryo) nibigega byicyuma gishyushye kigaburira amazi muri casting nkuko bikomera, bikarinda kugabanuka kwimyanya.
Hano hari software kuriyi, kwigana gukomera, kandi bifite agaciro kadasanzwe. Ariko biracyayobora. Ikizamini nyacyo ni ugukata icyitegererezo, 'gukata ibiti', kugirango urebe niba risers zakoze, niba icyuma cyagaburiwe neza. Nabonye uburyo bwiza bwo kwigana bwuzuye bwananiranye mubyukuri kubera ko uwo munsi umusenyi wacaga, cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo gusuka bwari dogere selisiyusi 20 munsi yabiteganijwe.
Kunanirwa kwakera byari ibyuma bikikijwe cyane. Twashyizeho riser yo hejuru, logique yavuze ko igomba gukora. Abakinnyi bakinnye batsinze igenzura. Munsi ya X-ray? Umuyoboro munini wo kugabanuka neza hagati yikigice kinini. Impanuka yari yarakonje kare cyane; ntabwo yagumye isukuye igihe kinini kugirango igaburire aho hantu hashyushye. Gukosora ntabwo byari binini cyane, ahubwo byahinduye imiterere yabyo muburyo bwa 'ijosi-hasi' byagumye bishyushye igihe kirekire, kandi ukoresheje exothermic riser amaboko kugirango ushushe ubushyuhe. Nibintu bito, bidashimishije-ubwoko bwikiganza, gukonjesha (ibice byicyuma bishyirwa mumucanga kugirango ushushe ubushyuhe), hamwe no gushungura - gutandukanya igice cyakuweho nijwi.
Inyuma-Nyuma yukuri: Gusukura, Kurangiza, hamwe no Gukoresha Imashini
Igice kiva mu mucanga, kandi umurimo nyawo uratangira. Kunyeganyega, guca amarembo hamwe na risers (amarembo akenshi akurwaho akoresheje igitambaro cyangwa icyuma cyangiza, risers zishobora gukenera itara ryibyuma), kurasa kugirango bisukure hejuru. Ibi nibikorwa byinshi kandi akenshi birengagizwa mugutegura. Geometrie igoye ifite ibice byimbere ninzozi mbi zo gusukura. Umusenyi urafatwa. Niba ukora umubiri wa valve, birashoboka ko ufite igishushanyo mbonera cyiza hamwe na knockout, cyangwa uzamara amasaha hamwe na chisels ya pneumatike ninkoni.
Ubuso burangirira kumusenyi ni, mubyukuri, birakabije. Ifite imiterere iranga. Kuri porogaramu nyinshi, nibyiza. Kubandi, bigomba gutunganywa. Iri ni ihuriro rikomeye. Gukina bigomba kuba byateguwe kugirango bifatanye mu ruganda rwa CNC cyangwa umusarani. Ukeneye gushakisha udupapuro, imashini zashizweho nka datum. Niba uruganda rukora imashini hamwe nimashini nibintu bitandukanye, iyi handoff yuzuye urutoki. Abakinnyi bawe bakinnye. Ibikoresho byawe byo gutunganya ni bibi.
Ubu buryo bukomatanyije nibyo bituma utanga isoko asa QSY guhatira. Bafata casting mbisi kuva hasi yabo, bashushanya uburyo bwo gutunganya hafi yibihinduka bizwi umusenyi inzira - birashoboka kugoreka, ahantu nyaburanga umurongo wo gutandukana, guhangayika gusigaye - no kuyikora. Bagenzura impinduka kuva gusuka kugeza igice cyarangiye. Kuri injeniyeri ushakisha ibice, ubwo buryo bukomeza kugabanya ingaruka kuburyo bugaragara. Ntabwo ugura casting gusa; urimo kugura inzira yatunganijwe mumyaka 30 yo gukora ibice bisa, uhereye kubishushanyo mbonera kugirango bisobanuke neza umusenyi kubwinshi nubunini, inzira zose zinyuze kumurongo wanyuma wakozwe.
None, Ni ryari Uhitamo Gutera Umucanga?
Ntabwo ari igisubizo kuri buri kibazo cyicyuma. Ni mugihe ukeneye geometrike igoye idashobora guhimbwa byoroshye cyangwa gutunganyirizwa mububiko, ariko ntukeneye gukemurwa cyane-gushora imari. Nibice biciriritse kugeza binini, kuva kubiro bike kugeza kuri toni nyinshi. Nibisanzwe bivanze bigoye gutunganya ubundi buryo. Ni mugihe ibikoresho byo gupfa bipfuye birabujijwe kubijwi byawe.
Ninzira yo kudatungana. Uremera umushinga runaka, bimwe byongeweho ububiko, bimwe bitagaragara hejuru, muguhana ubwisanzure bwo gushushanya hamwe nigiciro gito cyibikoresho. Urufunguzo ni ugukorana nuru ruganda rwumva ibi bicuruzwa kurwego rwinda, rushobora kuyobora igishushanyo, kandi rufite ubushobozi bwo hasi bwo gutanga ibice byarangiye, ntabwo ari ugukata gusa. Nibyo byukuri bigezweho muriyi nzira ya kera. Ntabwo ari amasuka n'ibishashi. Byerekeranye na siyanse yibikoresho, injeniyeri, hamwe nubumenyi bwimbitse, rimwe na rimwe butesha umutwe, ubumenyi bwamaboko uko bigenda iyo ibyuma bya dogere 1500 bihuye numucanga uhujwe.
Amaherezo, gutsinda umusenyi ni bike kubijyanye no gutunganya intambwe imwe nimwe nibindi bijyanye no gutondeka ibitagenda neza kugirango amakosa yabo ahagarike. Uringaniza intege nke zumucanga ugereranije no kugabanuka kwicyuma, igiciro cyikigereranyo ugereranije nubunini bwigice, ubukana bwa casting kumafaranga yo gukora. Fata ubwo buringanire neza, kandi biracyari bumwe muburyo butandukanye kandi buhendutse bwo gukora igice cyicyuma kirahari. Wibeshye, kandi usigaye ufite impapuro zihenze cyane.
