Iyo umuntu avuze 'igice cyihariye kidafite ibyuma,' igice cyigihe arimo gushushanya ikintu muri firime ya sci-fi, ikindi gice aba ashaka kuvuga 316L. Ngiyo icyuho cyambere hagati yimpapuro nimpimbano nyayo. 'Umwihariko' ntabwo ari amanota gusa; ni ikiganiro kijyanye nubuzima bwose - uhereye kumyitwarire ya alloy mugikomeye kugeza kumikorere yayo mugihe cyangirika cyangwa cyangirika. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi cyane aho guhamagarira ibintu ari gutekereza, byakuwe mu mushinga ushaje, biganisha ku isi yububabare mugihe cyo gutunganya cyangwa, bibi, mumurima. Igikorwa nyacyo gitangira iyo ucukuye mubituma bidasanzwe: nibirimo molybdenum yo gutera imbaraga, azote igenzurwa nimbaraga, cyangwa umurongo wihariye wo kuvura ubushyuhe kuri iyo miterere yibice bibiri? Aho niho imyaka mirongo muri ubu bucuruzi, nko kuri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kubara. Wubaka ibyiyumvo.
Umwihariko mu Isupu ya Alloy
Reka tuganire. 304, 316 - aba ni vanilla. Ifasi 'idasanzwe' itangirana nibintu nka 17-4PH, 2205 duplex, cyangwa super austenitics nka 254 SMO. Ariko kubita amazina biroroshye. Amayeri ni ukumenya ko 'igice cyihariye kidafite ibyuma' cyakozwe kuva 17-4PH ntigisanzwe rwose kugeza kigeze kuri H1150 cyangwa H900. Ingamba zo gutunganya ibisubizo-bifatanije na leta ishaje biratandukanye rwose. Wibeshye, kandi uzatwika ukoresheje ibikoresho cyangwa utera micro-crack. Ibi twabyize hakiri kare hamwe nicyiciro cyibiti bya valve. Ikigereranyo cyavuze 17-4PH, ariko intambwe yo kuvura ubushyuhe ntisobanutse. Twabashizeho byose nyuma yubusaza, twibwira ko aribwo leta yanyuma. Umukiriya yaje gukenera igishushanyo mbonera-cyoroshye. Kugerageza gukora imashini ibikoresho bishaje byari inzozi; kwambara ibikoresho byari inyenyeri. Byari bikwiye gusigara bimwe mubikoresho byanyuma nyuma yo gusaza. Ikosa ryibanze risa neza urebye neza.
Noneho hariho isoko. Ntabwo ibintu byose bidasanzwe byashizweho bingana. Gushonga kuva Mill A birashobora kwitwara muburyo butandukanye na Mill B, cyane cyane hamwe na super alloys. Kuri pompe ikomeye ya pompe muri sisitemu yo gutera amazi yumunyu, twashimangiye ko dushobora gusubira inyuma gushonga hamwe na raporo yikizamini. Igiciro cyinyongera nigihe cyo kuyobora cyazamuye ijisho muburyo bwambere, ariko cyakuyeho impinduka mugihe twahuye nikibazo cyo kunanirwa mugihe kimwe mugikorwa cyo gucukura umwobo. Byahinduwe, itandukaniro rito mubirimo sulfuru (muri spec, ariko kuruhande rwo hejuru) biva mumasoko ya kabiri yabiteraga. Ubu dusanzwe dukora imiyoboro yizewe kubintu byose birenze 316, imyitozo irakomera QSY's Imyaka 30 mugukina no gutunganya.
No kuyitera? Uru ni urundi rwego. Gusuka nikel ishingiye kuri nikel nka Inconel 625 mubishishwa by'ibishishwa bigoye, bikikijwe n'inkuta igice kidasanzwe ni ubuhanzi. Amazi aratandukanye, kugabanuka kugaragara cyane, kandi ibyago byo guturika bishyushye nukuri. Ntushobora gukoresha sisitemu imwe yo kwinjiza no kuzamura wakoresha ibyuma bya karubone. Birasaba kwigana hamwe nubushishozi bwinshi. Twagize umugabane wibice byavanyweho hakiri kare, twiga ko ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwubushyuhe hamwe nubwihuta bwo gusuka bugomba guhamagarwa hamwe nibisobanuro bidasobanutse kubikoresho.
Imashini ya CNC: Aho Igitekerezo gihurira no gukata
Aha niho reberi ihurira n'umuhanda. Umuntu wese arashobora kugura akabari ka super duplex idafite umwanda; gukora igice cyuzuye, kitarimo stress kuva muriyo nikibazo. Itegeko rya mbere: wubahe akazi gakomeye. Ibyiciro bya Austenitike na duplex bikunda gukomera no gukomera munsi yigikoresho cyawe cyo gukata. Niba ubonye ubwoba hamwe nubujyakuzimu bwawe bwo gukata cyangwa kugaburira, urimo guswera no gushyushya hejuru, ukarema urwego rukomeye ruzasenya igikoresho cyawe gikurikira. Ugomba kwinjira munsi yako kazi gakomeye. Gukata, guhora gukata akenshi bikora neza kuruta ubwitonzi.
Coolant ntabwo ari iyo gukonjesha gusa; ni kubisiga amavuta no kwimura chip. Kuri byinshi muribi bifatanye, umuvuduko mwinshi ukoresheje ibikoresho bikonjesha sisitemu ntabwo biganirwaho. Ivunagura chip ikayikura kure ya zone yaciwe. Ibi twabyize kumushinga wa a igice kidasanzwe—Ibikoresho byo kubika ibyuma bya turbine biva kuri Alloy 718. Imipira yarikaraga kugirango yinjizemo, biganisha ku gutsindwa gukabije. Guhindukira kuri sisitemu yumuvuduko mwinshi no gukoresha uburyo bwihariye, amavuta menshi yo gukonjesha yahinduye ibintu byose. Igice cyo kurangiza cyateye imbere, kandi ibikoresho byubuzima byikubye gatatu.
Ingamba za Toolpath zifite akamaro kuruta uko abantu babitekereza. Gusya kuzamuka muri rusange bikundwa no gusya bisanzwe kugirango hagabanuke akazi. Ariko kubice bito-bikikijwe bisanzwe mubice byishoramari, ugomba gutekereza gukomera. Rimwe na rimwe, ugomba gukoresha inzira yo gusya ya trochoidal cyangwa ugahindura intambwe kugirango ucunge igitutu cyibikoresho kandi wirinde gutandukana igice. Ntabwo ari ibijyanye na software ya CAM gusa; bijyanye na programmer uzi uko ibikoresho bizasubira inyuma. Ubu ni ubwoko bw'amaboko Imashini ya CNC ubumenyi butandukanya iduka ryakazi ninzobere.
Fondasiyo ya Casting: Igikonoshwa nishoramari
Byinshi muribi bice bidasanzwe bitangira nka casting, cyane cyane kuri geometrike igoye. Igikonoshwa na gushora imari ni imigati n'amavuta kuri QSY. Kubidafite umwanda, guhitamo hagati yabo akenshi kumanuka kubijwi, kurangiza hejuru, no kwihanganira ibipimo. Igishushanyo mbonera ni cyiza kubikorwa binini byibice bigoye, ariko kubintu bigoye cyane - tekereza abimura bafite ibyuma bitwikiriye, cyangwa uduce twinshi dufite imiyoboro yimbere - gushora imari niyo nzira yonyine.
Ariko hano hari impungenge: ceramic shell yo gushora imari irashobora gukorana nuruvange. Kubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwubushyuhe bukungahaye kubintu bitagaragara nka titanium cyangwa aluminium, ukeneye ikote ryihariye ryo mumaso (nka shitingi ishingiye kuri yttria) kugirango wirinde imiti yangiza yangiza ubuso. Twabonye ibi inzira igoye kumurongo hakiri kare ya cobalt ishingiye kubice. Ubuso bwasohotse busobekeranye kandi butoroshye, busaba gukora imashini zirenze kandi zihenze. Gukosora byari mu ntambwe yambere: formulaire ceramic. Noneho ni igenzura risanzwe kurupapuro rwibikorwa byacu.
Kugenzura ibipimo ni ikindi gikoko. Kugabanuka kubintu bya 17-4PH bitandukanye nibice 316, kandi ntabwo ari umurongo. Irashobora gutandukana nubunini bwigice. Tugumana uburyo bwagutse bwububiko hamwe nibintu byo gukosora, byubatswe mugupima amagana yingingo-yambere. Nibyingenzi, ntabwo ari theoretical gusa. Iyo umukiriya atwoherereje icapiro rishya igice kidasanzwe, ntabwo tureba gusa ibipimo byanyuma; turimo kubara mubitekerezo byurugero, ibyateganijwe kugoreka, naho tuzakenera kongeramo ububiko. Ni imbyino isubira inyuma.
Kunanirwa ni Data Ingingo
Ntabwo wigira kubikorwa byuzuye. Wigira kubyo bigenda kuruhande. Ndibuka icyiciro cyimibiri minini ya valve muri 2205 duplex. Batsinze igenzura ryose ryapimwe na PMI (Indangamuntu nziza). Ariko mugupima igitutu, bake berekanye micro-yamenetse kumasangano akomeye. Nyirabayazana? Icyiciro cya Ferrite-austenite cyarangiye. Kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ntibyari byiza rwose, hasigara ahantu hafite ferrite ndende cyane, bikabangamira kurwanya ruswa nubunyangamugayo. Ibikoresho byari tekiniki 2205, ariko umutungo wacyo 'udasanzwe' - imiterere iringaniye - yatakaye mugace. Tugomba kuvugurura protocole yacu nyuma yo gusudira kubushyuhe-igice cya duplex weld. Noneho, dukunze gutondeka no gukora ubushyuhe bwa interpass hamwe na post-weld igisubizo hamwe na weld ikomeye kuri ibyo bikoresho.
Ubundi gutsindwa kwa kera ni ukurenza urugero. Umukiriya yigeze gutsimbarara kuri Alloy C276 (umusemburo mwiza wa nikel ushingiye kuri nikel) igice cyerekanwe na acide yoroheje mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Byari birenze urugero. Twasabye 904L super austenitike, yaba yarakoze neza igice cyigiciro cyibikoresho kandi byoroshye kumashini. Bashyizwe kumurongo mwiza. Twabikoze, bishyuye premium, ariko cyari icyemezo kibi cyubwubatsi. Igice cyakazi kacu nukugisha inama, gusubiza inyuma witonze hamwe namakuru. Rimwe na rimwe uratsinda icyo kiganiro, rimwe na rimwe ntubikora, ariko ugomba kugerageza.
Inararibonye, nziza nibibi, nibyo bimenyesha inzira uyumunsi. Iyo urebye ubushobozi bwanditse kurubuga nka https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, inyuma ya buri murongo - ibishishwa bidasanzwe, gutunganya CNC, gushora imari - hari inkuru ijana nkiyi. Ntabwo ari serivisi gusa; barize, kandi rimwe na rimwe binjiza cyane, inzira.
Ibitekerezo bifatika
None, umukiriya abona iki mubyukuri iyo batumije ukuri igice kidasanzwe uhereye kumurongo uhagaritse? Ntabwo bagura gusa igice cyicyuma gishushanyije. Bagura inama zo gutoranya ibikoresho (cyangwa kwemeza), ubuhanga bwo gushinga kubuterera neza, imashini ikora-uburyo bwo kuyikata neza nta gutera impagarara, hamwe no kugenzura ubuziranenge burenze Caliper-nka PMI, PT, RT, cyangwa kwipimisha ruswa niba bikenewe.
Kurangiza birakomeye. Indorerwamo yindorerwamo irashobora kuba kwisiga, ariko Ra yihariye (vuga, 0.8μm) hejuru yikimenyetso irakora. Kubice biri mubidukikije bya chloride, passivation ningirakamaro kugirango igabanye igice cya paside ya pasiporo. Ariko gutambutsa ibyuma bya duplex bitagira umuyonga bisaba ubunini bwa acide nitricike yo kwiyuhagira hamwe nubushyuhe kuruta kuri austenitike isanzwe. Byumve nabi, kandi mubyukuri ushobora gutera ruswa.
Ubwanyuma, biza gufata ibyemezo kububaha kuva itangira kugeza irangiye. Kuva igihe amavuta yatoranijwe, binyuze mumaduka yububiko, hasi yubatswe, imashini za CNC, hamwe nubugenzuzi bwa nyuma, buri ntambwe ikenera kumenya icyatuma icyo cyuma kidafite ingese 'kidasanzwe.' Ntabwo ari amarozi; ni metallurgie, ubukanishi, hamwe nubwitonzi bwitondewe kubirambuye. Nibyo bihindura gahunda yo kugura mubintu byizewe bikora mumurima imyaka. Kandi nicyo gisubizo cyonyine gifite akamaro.
