Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'ibyuma bidafite ibyuma', bashushanya ikintu cyiza, kiremereye, kandi kidasobanutse 'inganda'. Ngiyo imyumvire ya mbere itari yo. Ukuri ni akajagari, kurenze, kandi karimo chimie na thermodinamike nkuko ikora imbaraga zicyuma. Ntabwo ari ugusuka ibyuma bishongeshejwe mu mwobo wumucanga; ni ukugenzura impinduka ijana kugirango wirinde igice guturika munsi yumuriro wacyo cyangwa kwangirika mubwogero bwihariye bwimiti. Kurangiza ubona ni 10% yanyuma yinkuru; 90% yambere ni intambara yo kurwanya physics.
Amavuta ntabwo ari resept, Nintangiriro
Abakiriya bakunze kuzana urupapuro rwerekana 316L bakibwira ko aribyo. Ariko 316L yo muri Mill A irashobora kwitwara mu buryo butandukanye na 316L kuva Mill B bitewe nibintu bikurikirana hamwe nuburyo bwo gushonga. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare hamwe nicyiciro cyamazu ya pompe. Batsinze cert zose zisanzwe ariko batangira kwerekana micro-fissure mubidukikije bya chloride nyuma y'amezi atandatu. Amavuta yari 'akosoye', ariko amateka yibintu ntiyari akwiye kubisabwa. Noneho, tumara umwanya munini tuganira kubidukikije bikora - pH, ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, itangazamakuru ryangiza - nkuko dukora ibipimo byo gushushanya. Uwiteka ibyuma bidafite ibyuma kubwinyanja ikwiranye na valve itunganya ibiryo byombi bishobora kuba 316L, ariko ibyo bakeneye bya microstructural biratandukanye nisi.
Aha niho ubufatanye bwigihe kirekire bwibintu bifite akamaro. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu mugukora no gutunganya, birashoboka ko ifite isomero ryimbitse, rifatika ryuburyo ubushyuhe butandukanye bwimyanda ikora mugikonoshwa cyayo no gushora imari. Urwo rwibutso rwikigo nikintu udashobora gukuramo kuri datasheet. Bavuga gukorana nudusimba twihariye nka nikel-ishingiye kuri nikel, ikambwira ko bamenyereye guhangana nimyitwarire ikomeye yo gukomera kwibyuma bikora cyane-bitagira umwanda niho byinjira.
Isuka ubwayo ni idirishya rikomeye. Urimo ureba imigendekere, uburyo icyuma cyuzuza ifu - imivurungano ikabije kandi ukabona okiside; gahoro cyane ukabona gufunga ubukonje. Kubintu bigoye ibyuma bidafite ibyuma hamwe nuduce duto, dukunze gukoresha vacuum ifashwa na casting cyangwa guhindagurika kugirango dusuzume ibyo byuzuye. Ntabwo ari imyitozo isanzwe kuri buri murimo, ariko nigikoresho ukeneye mugihe geometrie ibisabye. Intego nuburyo bwuzuye, bahuje ibitsina uhereye mugitangira, kuko ntushobora gukora imashini.
Geometrie itegeka inzira (Ntabwo arubundi buryo)
Iri ni itegeko shingiro. Ntabwo uhitamo hagati yo gushushanya no gushora imari kuko imwe 'nziza'. Uhitamo kuko igice kikubwira. Ndibuka igice cya turbine gifite imiyoboro yo gukonjesha imbere idashoboka gukora imashini. Inzira imwe rukumbi kwari ugushora imari - kurema intangiriro ya ceramic izengurutswe nicyuma. Gukuraho intangiriro nyuma nigikorwa cyayo cyoroshye. Ku rundi ruhande, ibishishwa by'ibishishwa, biratangaje kubintu bitoroshye, binini cyane nkibice bya valve cyangwa imiyoboro ya pipe. Ubuso bwo kurangiza ni bwiza, kwihanganira ibipimo ni byiza, kandi birarushijeho kuba byiza kubunini bunini.
QSY urutonde rwibikonoshwa byombi hamwe nishoramari nkuko ubuhanga bubivuga. Bisobanura ko (cyangwa injeniyeri zabo) bafite imyumvire yo kuyobora umushinga muburyo bukwiye. Nabonye amaduka agerageza guhatira urumogi rwa kare mu mwobo uzengurutse, ukoresheje gushora imari kuri flange yoroshye kuko aribyo bafite, bihindura ingengo yimari. Uruganda rwubwenge rusuzuma igice, kwihanganira ibisabwa, kurangiza hejuru (Ra agaciro), nubunini, hanyuma bigasaba inzira. Rimwe na rimwe, kubice bigoye cyane, ni imvange-ishoramari itera amayeri hafi-net-shusho, hanyuma ukoreshe ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutunganya CNC kugirango ugere kumurongo wanyuma wingenzi.
Kuvuga gutunganya, ibyo nibindi bice byukuri. Igice cyo gukina cyiteguye gake kohereza. Ingingo zo kwinjirira zigomba gukurwaho, hejuru yimashini zoguhuza nibindi bice, umwobo wacukuwe kandi ugakanda. Kwishyira hamwe kwa casting na CNC munsi yinzu imwe, nkuko QSY ifite, ninyungu nini. Iremeza ko abakanishi basobanukiwe n'amakosa ashobora guterwa - nk'ahantu kugabanuka kugabanuka bishobora kuba byihishe - kandi birashobora guteganya kugabanuka kwabo. Irinda umukino wamakosa hagati yimishinga nububiko bwimashini mugihe igikoresho bito gikubise icyuho cyihishe.
Igiciro Cyihishe: Kwipimisha Kudasenya no Gukora
Guteganya umushinga wa casting akenshi birengagiza kugenzura no gukora icyiciro. Aha niho hagaragaye ubuziranenge nyabwo. Kwipimisha irangi ryinjira (PT) kubice byo hejuru, gupima radiografiya (RT) kubusa imbere, gupima igitutu kubice bifunze - buri kimwe kongeramo igiciro nigihe. Ariko gusimbuka ni urusimbi. Twashyizeho itegeko: kuri buri wese ibyuma bidafite ibyuma mubikorwa byumutekano-bikomeye cyangwa serivisi zikomeye, RT ntishobora kuganirwaho, nubwo igitekerezo cyabakiriya kitaguhamagarira neza. Byadukijije kunanirwa kumurima.
Gukora ni ukundi kuri. Kudahuza gato kubibumbano, ihinduka rito mugihe cyo gukomera, kandi ushobora kugira flange ifite 0.5mm idasobanutse. Irashobora gukizwa no gusudira no kongera gukora? Rimwe na rimwe, niba ufite gusudira byemewe kurwego rwihariye kandi ugakurikiza protocole ikaze nyuma yo gusudira kugirango ugarure ruswa. Ibindi bihe, ni ibisakuzo. Igipimo cy'umusaruro ni igipimo cyingenzi kubishingwe byose. Umusaruro mwinshi werekana uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura. Iyo usuzumye utanga isoko, kubaza igipimo cyumusaruro wabo kubice bisa biragaragaza kuruta gusaba igiciro.
Amavuta adasanzwe yegeranye
Gukorana nibisanzwe 304 cyangwa 316 bitagira umwanda hafi bigutoza gusimbuka kuri superalloys QSY ivuga, nka nikel cyangwa ishingiye kuri cobalt. Ibyo byuma biragoye cyane. Zirasa neza iyo zishongeshejwe, zikunda gutanyagurika, kandi bikabije kubikoresho mugihe cyo gutunganya. Amahame yo kugenzurwa no gucunga neza ubushyuhe wigira kuri stainless byongerewe gusa. Niba uruganda rushobora gukemura ibyo, byerekana ko inzira zabo zigenzurwa kubisanzwe bidafite umwanda birashoboka cyane. Nintumwa nziza kubushobozi.
Kurugero, sisitemu yo kwinjirira no kuzamuka - imiyoboro igaburira ibyuma bishongeshejwe mu cyuho - igice cya nikel alloy casting ni umurimo wubuhanzi bwo kwigana ubushyuhe. Ntabwo wuzuza gusa ishusho; urimo kuyobora ubushyuhe kugirango wemeze ibice binini cyane gukomera nyuma kugirango wirinde kugabanuka. Igenamigambi ryitondewe, hamwe nigice kinini, rirakoreshwa mugusaba porogaramu zidafite ingese. Byose bijyanye no gucunga ubushyuhe.
Igitekerezo cya nyuma: Nubufatanye, Ntabwo ari Kugura
Gutegeka ibyuma bidafite ibyuma ntabwo ari nko kugura ibicuruzwa bitagaragara. Nubufatanye bwa tekiniki. Imishinga igenda neza cyane ibaho mugihe umukiriya asangiye imiterere yuzuye yimikoreshereze yikigice, kandi uruganda rutanga ibitekerezo kubijyanye nigishushanyo mbonera cyogukora -gutanga ingero zifatika zifatika, zerekana uburebure bwurukuta rumwe, gutanga inama aho washyira imirongo yo gutandukana. Ubunararibonye bwumushinga, nkimyaka 30 ivugwa na QSY, mubyukuri nububiko bunini bwibikorwa nibitagenda kwisi.
Igicuruzwa cyanyuma kigomba kutagaragara. Ntigomba kunanirwa, ntigomba kwangirika imburagihe, igomba gukora gusa. Ukwo kwizerwa nigiciro nyacyo cyogukora neza, kurenze igiciro cya kilo cyicyuma. Nibisubizo byigihumbi gito, gikwiye kuva gushonga kugeza kubyoherejwe, ibyinshi murumukoresha wa nyuma ntazigera abona - kandi nuburyo bigomba kumera.
