Iyo abantu bavuga kubyerekeranye nubwoko bwo gutunganya neza ', bakunze gutondeka inzira nko gusya, guhindukira, gusya. Ibyo ntabwo ari bibi, ariko birabura ingingo. Inkuru nyayo ni uguhitamo inzira iboneye yibikoresho mumaboko yawe no kwihanganira gushushanya, nuburyo izo nzira akenshi zigomba gukorera hamwe. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi byerekana ubuso burangizwa kugerwaho gusa no gusya, ariko igice geometrie ituma gufatana gusya hafi bidashoboka. Aho niho 'ubwoko' nyabwo buza gukinirwa - ntabwo ari imashini gusa, ahubwo uko bikurikirana n'intego.
Itangirana na Casting: Urufatiro rwo Gukora
Ibi birasa nkaho bigaragara, ariko ntushobora kuvuga kubijyanye no gutunganya neza murwego rwacu utabanje gutangirana. Gukina nabi byemeza igice cyimashini cyuzuye kubabara umutwe. Nakoranye nabatanga isoko bafata casting na mashini nkisi zitandukanye, kandi ibisubizo burigihe nigiciro cyinyongera nigihe. Isosiyete ibona ubu burenganzira, nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ikora ukundi. Hamwe nimyaka irenga 30 mugukina no gutunganya, basobanukiwe ko igishishwa cyiza cyangwa ishoramari ridashingiye kumiterere gusa; nibijyanye no gutanga ibintu bihamye, byumvikana hamwe nibibazo bike bisigaye. Gukora igice kiva muri cobalt ishingiye kuri alloy ishoramari guta ni uburambe butandukanye no gutangirira kububiko bwakorewe - ibipimo byo gukora, kwambara ibikoresho, ibintu byose birahinduka.
Uburyo bwabo hamwe nibikoresho nkibyuma byangiza cyangwa 316 ibyuma bidafite ingese ni ukureba imashini kuva murwego rwicyitegererezo. Imfuruka zinguni, imirongo yo gutandukana, byose bishyizwe nijisho ryumukanishi. Ibi ntabwo ari amahame; ni ukwirinda ibintu aho ugerageza gufata igice kinini kurukuta ruto, bitera kunyeganyega no kwangiza kurangiza. Ndibuka umushinga wo guturamo pompe aho igishushanyo cya mbere cyo gutora cyari gifite ubuso bukomeye bwo gufunga ahantu hatari hashoboka. Byatewe gusa nuko fondasiyo (imwe ifite imashini ihuriweho nkuko wabisanga tsingtaocnc.com) yabigizemo uruhare hakiri kare ko twahinduye ibanze kugirango twemere ibikoresho bikwiye.
Gukorana ni urufunguzo. Umwihariko wabo muri shell mold casting hamwe na CNC gutunganya munsi yinzu imwe bivuze ko igenamigambi ryakozwe. Gukina ntabwo ari ubusa gusa; nintambwe yambere, yingenzi muburyo bukurikirana bwo gutunganya neza. Ibi bikuraho byinshi byo gukeka no gushinja-guhinduka bibaho iyo biva mubacuruzi batandukanye.
Imashini ya CNC: Ifarashi Yumurimo nu Nuances zayo
Noneho, ku gikorwa nyamukuru. Iyo tuvuze imashini ya CNC, ni itorero ryagutse. Kubijwi-byinshi, ugereranije byoroshye ibice bivuye muri casting zabo, ibigo byinshi byo gusya ni byo bijya. Ariko ijambo 'precision' hano rifitanye isano. Gufata ± 0.05mm kumurongo wicyuma nikintu kimwe; kugera kuri ± 0.005mm ku ntebe ya valve kubutaka budasanzwe ni iyindi nyamaswa rwose.
Guhitamo hagati ya 3-axis, 4-axis, cyangwa 5-axis ntabwo ari ibintu bigoye gusa; akenshi ni ukugabanya gushiraho. Igihe cyose wongeye guhuza igice, uzana amakosa ashobora kuba. Kubintu bigoye gushora-turbine yibigize muri nikel-ishingiye kuri alloy, twahora duhitamo imashini 5-axis kugirango turangize isura ikomeye muburyo bumwe. Igiciro kumasaha kiri hejuru, ariko igice cyanyuma cyukuri kandi gihamye nibyiza cyane. Nakoze ikosa ryo kugerageza kuzigama amafaranga mugabanye ibikorwa hagati yimashini 3-axis, kandi cumulative kwihanganira stack-up byari inzozi zo gukosora.
Noneho hariho impinduka. Kubice bizunguruka biva mubyuma cyangwa ibyuma, CNC guhindukira hamwe nibikoresho bizima ni ngombwa. Ariko guhinduranya neza ibyuma bidafite ingese, cyane cyane amanota akomeye, ni imbyino hagati yumuvuduko, ibiryo, na coolant. Guhuza nabi biganisha kumurimo ukomera, hanyuma ugasenya igikoresho cyawe ukangiza ubusugire bwubuso. Nubumenyi bwubuhanga - gutega amatwi gukata, kureba ibara rya chip nuburyo. Nta gitabo cyo gutangiza porogaramu gishobora kwigisha neza.
Kurangiza Gukoraho: Ahantu hameze neza
Aha niho ibiganiro byinshi byubwoko bwimashini zisobanutse bigufi. Bafata gusya / guhinduka nkimperuka. Mubyukuri, kubice bikeneye ibisobanuro nyabyo - tekereza hydraulic manifolds, ifite intebe, cyangwa kashe hejuru - ibyo ni igice cya kabiri kirangiza. Gusya niho amarozi abera. Ariko no gusya bifite ubwoko bwabyo: gusya hejuru, gusya silindrike, gusya hagati.
Twari dufite umushinga w'igiti kiva mu byuma bikomeye. Guhindukira byegereye, ariko kubyara bikwiye bisaba Ra 0.2μm kurangiza no kwihanganira geometrike ya microne nkeya. Ako ni agace ko gusya. Amayeri yari urukurikirane: guhinduka gukabije, kuvura ubushyuhe, kurangiza, hanyuma gusya. Niba ugerageje gusya ibintu byinshi nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, ubyara ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi bishobora guteza ubushuhe hejuru. Nigikorwa cyo gushyira mu gaciro.
Rimwe na rimwe, ndetse no gusya ntibihagije. Kubireba ultra-yoroshye cyangwa gukuraho impinga ya microscopique isigara yo gusya, kubaha cyangwa gukubita iraza. Ibi ntibikunze kugaragara mumaduka rusange yakazi ariko birakomeye mubikorwa nkingufu zamazi cyangwa ikirere. Ndibuka ububiko bwa valve twakoze bwakomeje gukomera nyuma yo gusya. Ikibazo cyari gito, sub-micron-urwego rwa waviness hejuru ya silindrike. Igisubizo cyari inzira yihuse. Ntabwo yahinduye ibipimo byinshi, ariko yahinduye imiterere yubuso buhagije kugirango ikore neza. Ngiyo nuance: precision ntabwo ari umubare gusa; ni byiza kuranga porogaramu.
Ibikoresho ni Umunyagitugu
Ntushobora gutandukanya ubwoko bwimashini nibikoresho. Gukorana na QSY'ibikoresho bisanzwe nkibyuma birababarira; ikora neza, itanga chip ngufi, kandi ni byiza kubikoresho. Ibyuma birakomeye ariko birateganijwe. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda, cyane cyane amanota ya austenitis, ni gummy kandi ikunda kuba yubatswe. Ukeneye ibikoresho bikarishye, inguni nziza ya rake, kandi birashoboka ko itandukanye.
Ariko ikibazo nyacyo ni umwihariko wabo: cobalt ishingiye kuri nikel ishingiye kuri nikel. Ibi nibintu byinzozi mbi kumashini utiteguye. Bakora-vuba vuba, birababaje cyane, kandi nubushyuhe bwumuriro ni bubi, ubushyuhe rero bwibanda kumurongo. Kuri ibi, ibintu byose birahinduka. Imvugo iri hasi, ibiryo birashobora kuba hejuru kugirango ubone munsi yakazi gakomeye, kandi guhitamo karbide ni ngombwa. Twize uburyo bukomeye ko gukoresha urusyo rwa TiAlN rusanzwe rwometse ku gice cya Stellite gusa byaje kuvamo igikoresho gishonga hamwe no guta. Guhindura icyiciro cyihariye kirimo cobalt nyinshi hamwe na geometrie itandukanye niyo nzira yonyine. Aha niho ubunararibonye bwabatanga, nkimyaka 30 yavuzwe Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., biba bifatika - birashoboka ko batwitse bakoresheje ibikoresho bihagije kugirango bamenye icyakora.
Ingamba zikonje ziba izambere hano. Umuvuduko ukabije, ukoresheje ibikoresho bikonjesha ntabwo ari ibintu byiza; ni nkenerwa kumena chip no gutwara ubushyuhe kure. Rimwe na rimwe, kugirango turangize passes kuri ziriya superalloys, twanakoresha uburyo buke bwo gusiga amavuta (MQL) kugirango tugere kubutaka bwiza butarangiye nta shitingi yumuriro. Nta nimwe-imwe-ihuza-yose.
Gushyira Byose hamwe: Ukuri-Isi Urukurikirane
None, uburyo busanzwe bwo gutunganya ibintu busa bute kubice bigoye? Reka dufate hypothettike ariko nyayo itera pompe muri duplex idafite ibyuma, biva mubushoramari. Ubwa mbere, gutora kuva munganda bigomba gusuzumwa. Ahari kurasa byihuse kugirango bisukure. Noneho, ijya muri lathe ya CNC kugirango ihindure bore ninyuma yinyuma-ibi bishyiraho datum yibanze. Ibikurikira, bimuriwe kuri 4 cyangwa 5-axis urusyo. Hano, ibyuma, umwenda w'imbere, hamwe n'ibyambu byose birakorwa. Ibi biraremereye, guhagarikwa gukata, ibikoresho rero bihamye ni urufunguzo.
Nyuma yibyo, birashoboka ko hari intambwe yo kugabanya ibibazo niba imashini yarakaye. Noneho, subira mumisarani cyangwa urusyo rwo kurangiza hejuru yikimenyetso gifatika hamwe no kwihanganira burundu. Hanyuma, gusiba, gusukura, kandi birashoboka inzira ya passivation yicyuma. Muri ibi byose, ubugenzuzi burahujwe - nyuma ya op ya mbere, nyuma yo gukomera, nyuma yo kurangiza. Ntushobora kugenzura ubuziranenge mubice birangiye.
Ingingo ni, 'ubwoko' bwo gutunganya neza ni izi ntambwe, buri kimwe cyatoranijwe kubwimpamvu. Ni urujya n'uruza. Amaduka akora urusyo gusa ashobora kubyara igice, ariko iduka ryumva urunigi rwose, kuva muburyo bwo gukina kugeza kumurongo wanyuma, nkigikorwa cyahujwe, gitanga ikintu cyizewe. Kunanirwa nabonye akenshi biva kumurongo wuruhererekane - umukanishi usunika ibiryo hejuru cyane kugirango abone umwanya, yangiza ubutaka bwintambwe ikurikiraho, cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe butabazwe mumafaranga yo gutunganya.
Mu kurangiza, gutondekanya ubwoko bwimashini ni intangiriro. Ariko ubuhanga nyabwo bushingiye mugusobanukirwa uburyo izi nzira zikorana, uburyo ibikoresho bigena amategeko yabo, nuburyo fondasiyo-yakozwe neza - ituma ibisobanuro byose byakurikiyeho bidashoboka gusa, ahubwo bifite akamaro mubukungu. Nicyo gitekerezo wunguka cyo kuba mumaduka, ntabwo usoma kataloge gusa.
