Masithethe nge310S engenabala. Lelinye lala mabanga athi ajike ajikelezwe kakhulu, rhoqo ngentlonipho engafanelekanga. Abantu beva ubushushu obuphezulu, umoya oxidizayo, kwaye bacinge ukuba yimbumbulu yomlingo. Ayiyo. Yi-alloy emnandi, ungandiphathi kakubi, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kokusingqongileyo kwaye, ngokunzulu, kwindlela ecutshungulwa ngayo. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu apho i-310S ichazwe phantse ngentloko, ekhokelela ekungaphumelelini okungalindelekanga okanye uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluvuthelweyo xa i-314 okanye i-alloy ye-nickel elungiselelweyo inokuba yinto yokudlala ehlakaniphile. I-nickel ephezulu kunye nomxholo we-chromium (i-25/20 ngegama) inika ukuxhathisa okukhulu kokulinganisa, kodwa ukwakhiwa okufanayo kwenza ukuba isilwanyana sisebenze-sinzima kwizixhobo zokusebenza, esilungele ukusebenza nzima, kunye nomceli mngeni wokwenene wokudibanisa ngaphandle kokubangela ukuvuselela okanye ukunyanzeliswa kwesigaba se-sigma ukuba awukho ngqongqo ngonyango lobushushu kunye ne-post-weld. Le asiyonto yeencwadi; yinto oyifundayo emva kokuchitha amaqhekeza ambalwa.
Isithembiso Ingxubevange vs. Inyaniso Machining
Apho uziva ngokwenene umahluko kunye 310S intsimbi engatyiwa ikwileyile okanye kwisingqusho. Xa kuthelekiswa ne304 okanye 316, yiligi eyahlukileyo. Amandla aphezulu ashushu athetha ukuba ayithambi kakhulu phantsi kobushushu besixhobo sokusika, ngoko uhlala usilwa. Siqhuba imisebenzi emininzi ye-CNC apha, kwaye ngenxa ye-310S, siwisa ngokukhawuleza isantya kunye nokutya. Awunakuba ndlongondlongo. Ukuba uzama ukuyityhala njengentsimbi ethambileyo, uya kutshisa izinto ezifakwe kwimizuzu. Siye sazinza kumabanga athile e-carbide anejiyometri ebukhali, eyakhayo kunye nee-chipbreakers ezomeleleyo. Ukupholisa akuxoxiswana-ukupholisa izikhukula, kwaye zininzi, hayi nje ukupholisa kodwa ukunceda ukuqhawula kunye nokukhupha ezo zitshixo zinentambo, ezomeleleyo. Ukuba iitshiphusi ziqala kwindlwane yeentaka, ucela ukugawulwa kwakhona kunye nokugqiba indawo eyonakeleyo.
Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yezibiyeli zesithando somlilo esizenzileyo ukusuka kwipleyiti ye-310S. Ushicilelo lubize iindawo zokubeka eziqinileyo kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu ocolekileyo. Umzamo wokuqala, sisebenzise iiparamitha ezisebenzele i-316L. Isiphumo? Incoko, ukugqiba kakubi, kwaye ufake ukusilela kwinqanaba lokuqala. Kwafuneka sibuye umva, siphinde sicwangcise inkqubo ngeSFM esezantsi kakhulu, sandise ukondla kancinci ukuze singene phantsi komgangatho owenziwe lukhuni, kwaye sisebenzise isixhobo esitsha, esizinikeleyo sezixhobo. Yongeza malunga ne-40% kwixesha lomatshini, apho umxhasi wayengazange avuye ngayo ekuqaleni, kodwa yayiyiloo nto okanye ukuhambisa inxalenye eya kusilela kwinkonzo. Ukuchaza ukuba umqhubi weendleko yinxalenye yomsebenzi.
Obunye ubuqili yimeko yezinto eziphathekayo. Sifumana imvelaphi yethu 310S intsimbi engatyiwa ibha kunye nepleyiti evela kwii-mills ezihloniphekileyo, kodwa nangona kunjalo, ufumana ukuhluka. Imeko ene-anealed iyimfuneko kumatshini. Sakha safumana uthunyelo ekucingelwa ukuba lonakele kodwa lomatshini wawungathi unzima. Iitshekhi zokuqina bezinomda. Kwafumaniseka ukuba umjikelo wokusila unokuba ucimile, ushiya uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo. Kuye kwafuneka ukuba siphinde sihlaziywe endlwini phambi kokuba siqhubeke, nto leyo eyalibazisa yonke iprojekthi. Ngoku, sivavanya isampula kwibhetshi nganye entsha kumsebenzi omncinci ngaphambi kokwenza isitokhwe esipheleleyo koomatshini be-CNC. Linyathelo elincinci, elithatha ixesha eligcina iintloko ezinkulu.
Ukuphosa iingqwalaselo: Ayisiyonto nje yokunyibilika kunye nokugalela
Umsebenzi wethu wesiseko kunye ne-310S ubukhulu becala kukwenza utyalo-mali kunye nokubumba iqokobhe kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo, ezinodonga olucekethekileyo njengemilomo yokutshisa, iityhubhu ezikhazimlayo, kunye nokulungiswa konyango lobushushu. Inkqubo yokuphosa yale alloy kulapho iimpawu zayo zobushushu obuphezulu ziyikrele elintlangothi-mbini. Udinga ubushushu obuphezulu bokugalelwa xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi zodidi olusezantsi-ezihlala zityhala i-1500°C okanye ngaphezulu. Oku kufuna iirefractories eziphezulu kwinkqubo yokubumba iqokobhe. Idyasi eqhelekileyo ye-zirconia-silica ayinakuyisika; sihlala siphucula kwi-silica edibeneyo okanye umxube okhethekileyo we-alumina-silicate ukunqanda ukuphendula kwesinyithi kunye neziphene zomhlaba.
Uphawu lokuqina lukhohlisayo. Inoluhlu olude lokukhenkceza, olulungele ukuguquguquka okuzalisa iimilo ezintsonkothileyo kodwa iyenza ibe sesichengeni sokukrazuka okushushu kunye ne-micro-porosity ukuba isango lokungena kunye nenkqubo yokunyuka ayilwanga ngokugqibeleleyo. Sifunde oku ngendlela enzima kwi-odolo yangethuba iseti yee-pyrolysis tube hangers. Uyilo lube notshintsho lwecandelo olukhawulezileyo. Nokuba besicinga ukuba kukutya okwaneleyo, siye safumana iintanda kwiindawo eziguquguqukayo ezishinyeneyo ukuya kwezincinci. Ulungiso lubandakanye ukuyila ngokutsha ipateni ukuze ibandakanywe utshintsho oluthe ngcembe kunye nokusebenzisa izinyusi eziphuma ngaphandle kobushushu ukugcina amacandelo abalulekileyo enyibilike ixesha elide, ukukhuthaza ukuqiniswa kwecala. Yongeza ixabiso lepateni, kodwa yayikuphela kwendlela yokufumana isandi.
Unyango lobushushu emva kokuphosa lubaluleke kakhulu. I-As-cast 310S iya kuba nolwakhiwo olunamakhonkco kunye nolwahlulo kwaye mhlawumbi ezinye izigaba eziziisekondari ezifana ne-sigma ukuba ipholile ngokucothayo kumacandelo athile. Isisombululo esipheleleyo sonyango lwe-annealing-ngokuqhelekileyo ukufudumeza ukuya ku-°C kulandelwa kukucima ngokukhawuleza (amanzi okanye umoya okhawulezayo) -kubalulekile ukuphinda unyibilikise i-carbides kunye ne-intermetallics kunye nokubuyisela i-austenitic ngokupheleleyo, isakhiwo esilinganayo. Tsiba eli nyathelo, kwaye icandelo lokumelana nomhlwa kunye ne-ductility lisengozini. Siye sacela abathengi ukuba batsibe i-anneal ukonga iindleko kwiimilo ezilula. Impendulo isoloko inguhayi oqinileyo. Idatha yepropati kwi-spec sheets ithatha i-annealed material ngokufanelekileyo.
I-Welding Trap: Apho iiProjekthi ezilungileyo zihamba zimbi
Ukuba kukho indawo enye ebangela ukusilela kakhulu kwintsimi nge310S, kukuwelding. Kulula ngokukhohlisayo ukufumana i-weld enesandi esibonakalayo esibuthathaka ngokwesinyithi. Inkxalabo ephambili yimvula ye-carbide kwindawo echaphazelekayo ngukushisa (HAZ) - ukwazisa. Ngelixa i-310S ixhathisa ngakumbi kune-304 ngenxa yechromium ephezulu, ayikhuselekanga, ngakumbi ukuba icandelo liyakubona ukuvezwa ixesha elide kuluhlu lwe-800-1000 ° F kwinkonzo. Intsimbi ye-weld ngokwayo nayo ifuna ukugqithisa. Phantse sisoloko sisebenzisa i-310 okanye i-310H yentsimbi yokuzalisa, kodwa nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ubukele inombolo ye-ferrite. Ngokusisiseko ngu-zero, okuthetha ukuba i-weld i-austenitic ngokupheleleyo kwaye ithanda ukuqhekeka okushushu ukuba ukuzibamba kuphezulu.
Umzekelo: sinikezele ngothotho lwee-310S ezininzi kwinkampani ye-thermal oxidizer. Zazintle zotyalo-mali, zenziwe ngoomatshini ukucacisa. Ivenkile yomthengi yazidibanisa zaba yindibano enkulu. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, safumana umnxeba: iintanda zaziphuma kwiinzwane ze-weld. Uphando lubhekisele kwizinto ezidityanisiweyo: basebenzise i-309 filler (eqhelekileyo kodwa engafanelekanga kwiqondo lokushisa elipheleleyo), ukushisa kwe-interpass kwakuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye indibano yayithintelwe kakhulu. Intsimbi ye-weld, kunye ne-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal eyahlukileyo kunye ne-ductility ephantsi kwimeko ye-welded, ayikwazanga ukujongana noxinzelelo lwe-thermal ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-cyclic. Isisombululo sasiyinkqubo ye-weld ye-re-weld kunye nolawulo olungqongqo kwi-preheat (engekho phezulu kakhulu, ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela umswakama), i-bead ephantsi yokufakelwa kobushushu obuphantsi, kunye nesisombululo sokugqibela se-anneal yendibano yonke-eyayingumsebenzi omkhulu wesithando somlilo. Yayisisifundo esinendleko kubo malunga nokuba kutheni iinkcukacha zenkqubo ye-weld (WPS) zikhona ngesizathu.
Ukwenzela ezethu izinto zokuyila, ngoku sinyanzelisa ukuba sifanelekele i-WPS yayo nayiphi na 310S intsimbi engatyiwa weld phezu kobunzima obuthile. Ibandakanya ukubhala yonke into: i-metal metal lot, ukukhusela irhasi (songeza isuntswana le-helium ngamanye amaxesha ukuze kungene ngcono kumacandelo ashinyeneyo), i-amperage, i-voltage, isantya sokuhamba, kunye neeparamitha zokunyanga ubushushu be-post-weld. Ngamaphepha, kodwa kuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuphinda-phinda kwaye uzikhusele kumabango kamva.
Ukufumana kunye nokubaluleka kokulandelelwa
Ayizizo zonke ii-310S ezenziwe zalingana. Umahluko phakathi kwe-top-tier mill kunye nomthengisi wesaphulelo kaninzi akakho kwikhemistri kwi-cert-bonke baya kudibana ne-ASTM A276 okanye i-A479-kodwa ngokuhambelana, ukucoceka kwangaphakathi, kunye nokuthembeka kwonyango lobushushu. Ukusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo kobushushu obuphezulu, ukuhluka okuncinci kwi-silicon okanye umxholo we-cerium kunokuchaphazela ukunamathela kwesikali. Ukulandelela ukungcola kunokukhawulezisa ukuthotywa kwesidima. Sakhe ubudlelwane kunye namashishini ambalwa athembekileyo kule minyaka idlulileyo, kwaye sihlawula intlawulo yoko. Ifanelekile.
Apha kulapho ulawulo lwenkqubo epheleleyo yeqabane lubalulekile. Kwivenkile yethu, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), Ukuphatha i-alloy efana nale yinxalenye ye-DNA yethu emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Asisika nje okanye sikhuphele kushicilelo; silawula yonke imjikelo yobomi ukusuka kwindawo yokusila ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo. Kuba 310S intsimbi engatyiwa icandelo, oko kusenokuthetha ukuba sifumana isitokhwe sebha eqinisekisiweyo, senze umatshini we-CNC phantsi kweeparamitha ezilawulwayo, emva koko sikhuphe isisombululo kwivenkile yeziko esiliphicothe (okanye sisebenzise eyethu kumacandelo amancinci), kwaye ekugqibeleni siqhube i-NDT njengovavanyo lokungena kwedayi kuyo yonke imiphezulu ebalulekileyo. Udibaniso oluthe nkqo-okanye ubuncinci, ulungelelwaniso oluthe tye olulawulwa ngokuqinileyo-yinto ethintela uhlobo lokusilela endiluchaze ngaphambili. Awunakuvele uthenge imathiriyeli kwaye uyilahle kwivenkile yoomatshini. Ufuna umthengisi oqonda isinyithi emva kwemiyalelo yomatshini.
Ndikhumbula umxhasi owayedinga ityhubhu ekhazimlayo endaweni yeziko lokungcwatywa kwemoto. Babethenga kumenzi wegeneric. Imibhobho yayingaphumeleli kwangethuba, ihexa kwaye iqhekeka. Sihlalutye isiqwenga esingaphumelelanga. I-chemistry yayicimile (i-nickel ephantsi), i-microstructure ibonise uthungelwano olukhulu lwe-carbide, kwaye i-OD yayineenyembezi zomatshini. Yayiyinxalenye etshiphu ebiza imali eninzi ngexesha lokuphumla. Sibenzele iseti entsha ukusuka kwi-310S efunyenwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye yalungiswa, kunye nokunyamezelana okuthe tye kunye nobukhulu bodonga. Elokugqibela ndeva, ukuba iseti yayigqithise ezo zangaphambili ngokuphindwe kathathu. Iindleko zangaphambili beziphezulu, kodwa ixabiso lilonke lobunini belisezantsi. Lolo lubalo lokwenyani ngesixhobo esinje.
Ukuqukumbela Ngaphandle kweSiphetho: Sisixhobo, hayi iTalisman
Ke, yindawo yokulahla ingqondo kwi-310S. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokuthatha ayiloluhlu lweepropati-ungayifumana loo nto kuyo nayiphi na incwadi yesandla. Kukubalula kunye nokuvelisa nge 310S intsimbi engatyiwa ifuna intlonipho kwiinkcukacha zayo. Ayisiyonto i-drop-in replacement yezinye iintsimbi ze-austenitic. Ixabiso layo livulwa kuphela ngokucokisekileyo, nokulawulwayo. Ukuba uyila into eza kubona inkonzo eqhubekayo ngaphezulu kwe-1000 ° C kwindawo ene-oxidizing, kwaye unokulawula imiceli mngeni yokwenziwa, lukhetho oluhle kakhulu. Kodwa ukuba umjikelo wobushushu bakho okanye iatmosfera ineesulfides ezinciphisayo, unokuba kwi-330 okanye ialloy 600 kummandla. Kwaye ukuba awunayo ivenkile yoomatshini okanye isiseko esazi ngenene indlela yokusingatha, uyangcakaza.
Iincoko esinazo neenjineli kwiindawo ezifana QSY zincinci malunga nokucaphula ixabiso kunye nokunye malunga nokuphonononga isicelo. Buthini ubushushu obuphezulu? Ingaba yibhayisekile? Unjani umoya? Bungakanani ubomi obulindelweyo? Emva koko sithetha ngenkqubo: ukuphosa okanye umatshini owenziwe? Loluphi unyango lobushushu? Luluphi uvavanyo? Oko kubuyela emva naphambili, oko kwabelwana ngokusombulula ingxaki, yinto ejika inkcazo kumzobo ibe licandelo elisebenzayo nelihlala lihleli. Isixhobo sisiqalo nje. Umlingo wokwenyani, ukuba unokuwubiza ngolo hlobo, ukuwo onke amanyathelo alandelayo.
Mhlawumbi yingcinga yokugqibela leyo. Ngento efana ne-310S, awuyithengi ngokwenene intsimbi. Uthenga ubuchwephesha ukuze uyiguqule ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuzithemba ukuba xa ifakelwe kwiziko elithile okanye kwi-reactor, awuyi kufumana umnxeba owoyikayo ezinzulwini zobusuku. Olo xolo lwengqondo luvela kwi-gritty, iinkcukacha ezingahombisiyo zemilinganiselo yesondlo, iitshathi zokudibanisa, iilog ze-weld, kunye novavanyo lokuqina. Ayisiyonto, kodwa yiyo eyenza umahluko phakathi kwenxalenye eyenziweyo kunye neyenziwe kakuhle.
