Xa usiva 'i-Alloy 1' kweli shishini, impendulo yokuqala ihlala ikukugxotha. Ayilogama elikhazimlayo le-superalloy, kwaye ngumgibe wokuqala lowo. Abantu bacinga ukuba lihashe lomsebenzi elenziwe lafana nelinye, elixabisa kancinci, mhlawumbi intsimbi yekhabhoni eyahlukileyo. Loo ngcinga ibize ngaphezu kweprojekthi enye ngokwentsebenzo kwaye, ngokungafihlisiyo, imali. Kwiminyaka yam engamashumi amathathu ejikeleze iziseko kunye neevenkile zoomatshini, ndibone 'i-Alloy 1' icaciswe kwimizobo apho injineli yayifuna ngokucacileyo 'uhlobo oluthile lwentsimbi,' kwaye ndiyibonile ukuba ilukhetho olubaluleke kakhulu, olungaxoxisiyo lwamacandelo angaphumeleliyo phantsi kwayo nayiphi na enye into. Inyaniso kukuba, 'I-alloy 1' ayonto enye. Ludidi, indawo yokuqala, kwaye ukuziphatha kwayo kuchazwe ngokupheleleyo kunyango oluthile lobushushu, inkqubo yokuphosa, kunye nomatshini olandelayo. Ukuyilungisa kuncinci malunga nesatifikethi semathiriyeli kwaye ngakumbi malunga nekhonkco lonke lokugcinwa ukusuka kwinyibilika ukuya ekugqibeleni.
Inyani yoMgangatho weFoundry
Makhe sithethe ngokuyiphosa. Kwi-shell mold casting, esiyisebenzisa kakhulu kwindawo yethu, Ingxubevange 1 inika umceli mngeni owodwa kumanzi xa kuthelekiswa nokucutheka. Ayinakubaleka njengeentsimbi ezingwevu, ngoko uyilo lwenkqubo yokungena luba lubalulekileyo. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yezindlu zempompo, mhlawumbi iiyunithi ezingama-500, apho sasebenzisa uyilo lwesango elisemgangathweni ukusuka kwinxalenye yentsimbi edityanisiweyo yobungakanani obufanayo. Isiphumo yaba kukucutheka okuzingileyo kwiflange eshinyeneyo. I-alloy yomelela ngokwahlukileyo. Kwafuneka sibuyele umva, sonyuse umlinganiselo wokunyuka, kwaye sitshintshe iqondo lobushushu lokugalela ngama-25°C nje kuphela. Yayilungisa loo nto. Ngolu lungelelaniso lufihlakeleyo olwahlula ukuphosa okusebenzisekayo kwi-scrap. Abafana kwi I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY) Ndiyibonile le iwaka leminyaka-iminyaka engamashumi amathathu ekujuleni kuthetha ukuba uye wakha ithala leencwadi zezi zilungiso ezincinci kwiijiyometri kunye nealloys ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuphoswa kotyalo-mali lelinye ibali. Apha, kunye Ingxubevange 1, ukugqitywa komphezulu kugqwesileyo, kodwa ixabiso leqokobhe le-ceramic kwintsimbi engeyiyo i-alloy yobushushu obuphezulu ingaba yintengiso enzima. Uyenzela ukuntsonkotha kunye nenzuzo ekufutshane-yemilo, hayi ngenxa yokuba i-alloy iyayifuna. Sakha ngomatshini i investment-cast Ingxubevange 1 Isibiyeli sesivamvo se-turbine esinokuthi sibunjwe iqokobhe, kodwa itshaneli zangaphakathi bezintsokothile kangangokuba ukuzisebenzisa bekunokuphinda ixabiso eliphindwe kabini. Ngoko ke, iprimiyamu yenkqubo yotyalo-mali yathetheleleka. Kukubala rhoqo.
Owona mgibe kukuthatha iipropati eziphathekayo ezivela kubaboneleli abahlukeneyo. 'Ingxubevange 1' ukusuka Mill A can umatshini efana ibhotolo, ngelixa ukusuka Foundry B isebenza-nzima kwaye utye tooling. Umahluko uhlala ulele kwizinto zokulandelela kunye nokuziqhelanisa ne-deoxidation ngexesha lokunyibilika. Ukubulawa kweAluminiyam ngokuchasene nokubulawa kwesilicon? Itshintsha yonke into esezantsi. Uphuhlisa ukhetho lomthombo, hayi ngokusekelwe kwixabiso, kodwa kwindlela izinto zabo eziziphethe ngayo kumatshini wakho we-CNC.
CNC Machining: Apho ithiyori idibana Toolpath
Kulapho irabha idibana khona nendlela. Ephepheni, Ingxubevange 1 inamareyithingi obuchule. Enyanisweni, ezo zilinganiso ziyingcebiso. Into yokuqala esiyenzayo ngebhetshi entsha kukusikwa kovavanyo. Sijonge ukwenziwa kwetshiphu. I-Stringy, i-chips eqhubekayo yi-nightmare ye-automation kunye nophawu esinokulufuna ukulungisa ukutya okanye i-engile ye-rake. Eyona nto ilungileyo yitshiphu eyophukileyo, emile okwe-'C'. Nezinye iibhetshi ze Ingxubevange 1, ufumana ukuba lula. Kunye nabanye, ujijisana noxinzelelo olupholileyo kunye nejometri ye-chip-breaker imini yonke.
Ukunxiba isixhobo ngumbulali othuleyo. Ayifani nokwenza ubuchwephesha obungenabala apho ubona umgca owakhiweyo usenziwa ngokubonakalayo. Nge Ingxubevange 1, ukunxitywa kweflanki ngokuthe ngcembe. Unokufumana ukugqibezela okuphezulu kwendawo yokuqala kumashumi amahlanu, emva koko kwinxalenye yamashumi amahlanu ananye, uqala ukubona ukukrazuka okuncinci okanye ukukhukuliseka okuncinci. Ukuba uqhuba ukuveliswa kwezibane ezingajongwanga, oku kunokonakalisa ipalethi yonke yezinto zokusebenza. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwangethuba ngomsebenzi womzimba wevalvu ephezulu. Sibeka ubomi besixhobo ngokusekwe kwiphepha ledatha lomthengisi. Iphepha ledatha lalinethemba. Siye sagqiba ekubeni sibe nekhulu lezahlulo ngenxa yokunyamezelana phambi kokuba i-alam yokusilela kwesixhobo iqalise. Ngoku, sakha kumda okhuselekileyo wokhuseleko kwaye sibeke iliso kumthwalo we-spindle ngokwenkolo.
Isipholisi asenzelwa ukupholisa nje; sisithambisi sendawo yokucheba. Kuba Ingxubevange 1, isisipholisi sesemi-synthetic esinelubricity elungileyo sithande ukusebenza ngcono kuneyenziweyo ethe ngqo. Inciphisa amandla okusika kwaye inceda ngokukhutshwa kwe-chip. Kodwa ke kuya kufuneka ulawule ioyile yetramp kunye nokukhula kwebhaktheriya ngakumbi. Lonke ukhetho lurhwebo.
Umxholo we-Special Alloys
Kutheni nokuba usebenzise Ingxubevange 1 xa une-cobalt-based okanye i-nickel-based superalloys? Yingxoxo yakudala ethi 'ilungele injongo'. Ndithathe inxaxheba kwiprojekthi yokutyibilika kwekhemikhali. I-spec yokuqala yomthengi ibize ialloyi yenickel kuwo onke amalungu amanzi ngenxa 'yokungatyaleki.' Emva kokuphonononga eyona mithombo yeendaba yeekhemikhali-isinyibilikisi esithambileyo se-organic kubushushu be-ambient-sicebise ibakala eligqithisiweyo ngokufanelekileyo Ingxubevange 1 (i-316L eyahlukileyo, kuloo meko). Ukongiwa kweendleko bekungaphezulu kwama-60%, hayi nje kwizinto eziphathekayo, kodwa kwixesha lomatshini. Eli candelo lineminyaka esixhenxe likwinkonzo ngoku kungekho miba. Ithuku lokuchaza ngaphezulu linamandla, ngakumbi kumashishini alawulwayo, kodwa amava akufundisa ukuba utyhale umva ngedatha kunye nezisombululo ezizezinye.
Oko kuthethiweyo, ukusebenza ngeealloyi ezingaqhelekanga kukunika uxabiso olunzulu ngefestile yokulungisa Ingxubevange 1. I-nickel alloys zi-viscous xa ziphosa, iialloyi ze-cobalt zinzima ngenkohlakalo ukwenza umatshini. Ingxubevange 1 Xa sithelekisa, kukuxolela. Kodwa 'ukuxolela' akuthethi 'kulula.' Kuthetha ukuba umda wempazamo ubanzi, kodwa iimpazamo zisenzeka ukuba awukhathali. Ngumahluko phakathi kokuqhuba kwindlela ebanzi kunye nentaba emxinwa; kusafuneka unikele ingqalelo.
Kwi-QSY, into yokuba baphathe zombini iziphelo ze-spectrum-ukusuka kwi-alloys eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwizinto ezikhethekileyo-yinzuzo yangempela. Kuthetha inkqubo yokucwangcisa umsebenzi kwi Ingxubevange 1 isekelwe kuqeqesho olugqithisileyo olufunekayo kwiisuphalloys. Obo bunzima buyancipha.
Iintsilelo kunye neZifundo ezifundiweyo
Awona maxesha afundisayo avela kukungaphumeleli. Kwakukho i-shaft, malunga ne-75mm ububanzi, echazwe kuyo Ingxubevange 1 ngamandla okuqina aphezulu. I-induction yaqina emva komatshini. Ekuvavanyeni, yavelisa iintanda ze-radial. Ityala lokuqala laya kwisixhobo sobushushu. Emva kokuphindaphinda umva-na-phambili, sayilandela emva kokunyibilika. Isixhobo sasinomgangatho ophezulu kancinane kunomxholo wesulfure oqhelekileyo, odale ukubandakanywa kwe-manganese sulfide. Ezi zisebenze njengezigxina zoxinzelelo ngexesha lokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokucima ukuqina kwe-induction. Izinto eziphathekayo zidibene nomgangatho wokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kwi-cert, kodwa yayisekupheleni koluhlu lwesulfure. Sifunda ntoni? Kwiindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu, emva komatshini wokushisa ukushisa, kufuneka uqinise i-spec yezinto eziphathekayo ngaphaya komgangatho oqhelekileyo we-ASTM kwaye ucacise ulawulo lokubandakanywa. Uhlawula ngakumbi ukunyibilika, kodwa ugcina intywenka yemali ekuthinteleni ukusilela kwintsimi.
Enye into eqhelekileyo, ephantse ibe bubudenge, imowudi yokungaphumeleli yi-galvanic corrosion. Ukubhatala i Ingxubevange 1 (uthi, intsimbi yekhabhoni) iflenge kumbhobho wentsimbi engenasici. Isisiseko, kodwa kwiindibano ezinzima ezinezixhobo ezininzi, ayihoywa. I Ingxubevange 1 icandelo liba yi-anode yombingelelo kwaye liyagqwala. Ayikokusilela kwezinto eziphathekayo; luyilo kunye nolongamelo lwendibano. Uyabona la malungu abuyela 'ukunxiba kwangaphambi kwexesha,' kwaye ukulungiswa yi-0.50 ye-gasket yokukhusela.
Oku kusilela koko kwakha ulwazi lweziko kwinkampani. Yiyo loo nto ivenkile eneminyaka engama-30 yembali, njengale ingasemva tsngtaocnc.com, inexabiso elingaphaya koluhlu loomatshini bayo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba baye badibana kwaye basombulula ezi ngxaki zithile, zincinci.
Ukuqukumbela Ngaphandle Kwesiphelo
Ke, loo nto isishiya phi Ingxubevange 1? Ayingomxholo onokuthi uwuqukumbele kakuhle. Yimathiriyeli echazwa ngokulungiswa kwayo. Ukusebenza kwayo yintsebenziswano phakathi kwe-metallurgist, injineli ye-Foundry, umdwelisi we-CNC, kunye nesixhobo sokushisa. Awunakuvele uthenge i-'Alloy 1' kwaye ulindele iziphumo. Kufuneka uyichaze, uyibumbe, uyinqumle, kwaye uyiphathe ngenjongo ethile engqondweni.
Ubuchwephesha bokwenyani busekwazini ukuba zeziphi iileyithi ekufuneka zitsalelwe kwesiphi isicelo. Ngaba ifuna i-anneal eqhelekileyo okanye ukucima kunye nomsindo? Ngaba kufanele ukuba yenziwe rhabaxa ngaphambi kokuba iphathwe ubushushu emva koko igqitywe ngoomatshini, okanye ungayimatshini yonke ikwimeko efakwe ubushushu? Akukho mpendulo inye. Amaxwebhu edatha akunika isiqalo, kodwa iresiphi yenkqubo yokugqibela ibhalwa ngolingo, impazamo, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kumgangatho wevenkile.
Ekugqibeleni, Ingxubevange 1 bubungqina bengcamango yokuba kwimveliso, akukho zixhobo ezikruqulayo, kuphela iinkqubo ezingaqondwa ngokwaneleyo. Ifuna intlonipho hayi ngobume bayo obungaqhelekanga, kodwa ngenxa yokubakho kwayo yonke indawo kunye nobuqili bokwahluka kwayo. Ukuyilungisa rhoqo, ibhetshi emva kwebhetshi, unyaka nonyaka, kuko okwahlula ivenkile yemisebenzi kwiqabane lokwenyani elenza izinto. Lowo ngumsebenzi ongathandekiyo, wemihla ngemihla ogcina ishishini liguquka.
