Xa umntu esithi 'intsimbi engatyiwayo,' abantu abaninzi ngokukhawuleza bafanekisela izinto ezicwebezelayo, ezingarusanga ekhitshini labo. Kwi-Foundry kunye nehlabathi lomatshini, loo nto phantse isoloko i Austenitic steel stainless, ngokuqhelekileyo amabanga angama-304 okanye angama-316. Kodwa nantsi i-pitfall yokuqala eqhelekileyo: ukucinga ukuba zonke ii-austenitics zidalwe zilingana nomsebenzi. Ndibone imizobo emininzi kakhulu icacisa nje i-stainless kwaye isishiye siqikelela, nto leyo ekhokelela kwincoko, okanye okubi ngakumbi, ukufowunela. I-nickel ephezulu kunye nomxholo we-chromium unika ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion kwaye iyenze ingabi-magnetic, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa i-machinability? Libali elahlukileyo elo. Yigummy, iyasebenza-inzima njengokuphambana ukuba awulumkanga ngezondla zakho kunye nezantya, kwaye loo mphezulu intle wonke umntu ayifunayo ifuna inkqubo ecokisekileyo, hayi nje isixhobo esibukhali.
Inyani yoMgangatho weFoundry: Ukuphosa amaBanga eAustenitic
Ukuyiphosa yindlela yobugcisa ngokwayo. Kwivenkile yethu, sijongana notyalo-mali oluninzi kunye nokubunjwa kweqokobhe kumacandelo anzima. Ukugalela i-alloy ye-austenitic efana ne-CF8M (i-cast elingana ne-316) ayifani nokugalela intsimbi ye-carbon. I-fluidity iyahluka, i-shrinkage ibonakaliswe ngakumbi, kwaye kufuneka uqaphele ngokumangalisayo malunga nokubandakanywa. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwangethuba ngeqela lemizimba yevalvu kubathengi baselwandle. Imiba ibifuna ingqibelelo yoxinzelelo, kodwa besineeyunithi ezimbalwa ezisilelayo kuvavanyo lwe-hydro. Emva kokwahlulahlula, sifumene i-micro-shrinkage porosity eyayingabonakali kwiradiyografi yomphezulu. Ingxaki? Yayingezizo ii-certs eziphathekayo-zilungile-yayiyi-gating yethu kunye noyilo lokunyuka kwaloo geometry ethile. Sasisebenzisa ipateni esebenza kakuhle kwintsimbi yekhabhoni kodwa yaminxa indlela yokutya yeempawu zokuqiniswa kwe-austenitic.
Nantso ke into Austenitic steel stainless ekujuleni: awukwazi ukukopa-uncamathisele iinkqubo ezivela kwezinye iintsapho eziphathekayo. Umxholo we-alloy ophezulu utshintsha yonke into malunga nendlela isinyithi ehamba ngayo kwaye ipholile. Kwafuneka sibuyele umva, silinganisa ukuqiniswa kwakhona kunye neeparamitha ezichanekileyo ze-thermal zebakala elithile, kwaye siphinde sihlele inkqubo yokutya. Yongeza izibini zokunyuka ezongezelelweyo kumacandelo akhohlisayo. Isombulule ingxaki, kodwa yasixabisa ixesha kunye nee-ingots ezilungileyo ezimbalwa zemathiriyeli. Igxininise kwiqela ukuba i-stainless kumzobo kufuneka ize nebakala elithile, kwaye nalapho, inkqubo yethu yobunjineli kufuneka ilungiselelwe.
Apha kulapho amava exesha elide kwiziko libalulekile. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ngaphezu kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka ekusaseni nasematshinini, ngokuqinisekileyo yakhe ilayibrari enzulu yezi nkqubo zifihlakeleyo, iparameters zenkqubo ethile. Asiyonto uyifumana kwincwadi yesikhokelo; ikwiilogi ezivela kwimisebenzi edlulileyo, amanqaku avela kubaqhubi beziko, uhlengahlengiso oluncinci abenzi bepateni abakwaziyo ukwenza. Xa besithi bagxile kwizinto ezibandakanya intsimbi engenasici kunye nealloyi ezikhethekileyo, ukuba specialization ayikho nje malunga ukuba eziko-kumalunga ukuba eqokelelwe, ngokufuthi nzima-won ulwazi ngendlela yokufumana isandi ukuphosa ukusuka metal elulwelo ukuya imilo egqityiweyo ngaphandle iziphene ezifihlakeleyo.
Machining: Apho ithiyori idibana Chip
Ukuba ukuyijula bubugcisa, ukuwenza ube yinzululwazi eqeqeshekileyo enendawo eninzi yempazamo. Umkhwa wokuqina komsebenzi weentsimbi ze-austenitic ziyintsomi. Ungathatha isisikele esigqibeleleyo, kodwa ukuba isixhobo sakho sihlala sihleli okanye sihlikihla, wenze indawo enzima kunomphetho wesixhobo sakho, uqinisekisa ukugqitywa eyonakalisiweyo kunye nokufakwa okutshiziweyo kwipasi elilandelayo. Ndiyakhumbula ukuseka umsebenzi we-CNC kwi-flange ye-316L kumatshini omtsha. Umdwebi wenkqubo wasebenzisa iiparameters ukusuka kwindawo efana nekhabhoni yentsimbi. Inxalenye yokuqala yayibukeka ilungile, kodwa ngeyesithathu, umphezulu wawukrazula, kwaye isixhobo sasikhala. Kwafuneka sime, sihlolisise yonke into.
Undoqo kukulawula ubushushu kunye nokugcina ukufuduswa kwetshiphu engaguqukiyo. Isipholisi asenzelwa ukupholisa nje apha; yeyokuthambisa kunye nokuhlamba loo ntsimbi inentambo, itshiphu eyomeleleyo phambi kokuba isongelwe kwisixhobo sokusetyenzwa okanye isixhobo. Satshintshela kwi-aggressive, i-geometry ebukhali ifake kunye ne-coating yensimbi engenasici ezinikeleyo, yehla isantya kancinane, kwaye yandisa isondlo ukuze singene phantsi komgangatho womsebenzi owenziwe lukhuni ukusuka kwi-cut yangaphambili. Ubusuku nemini umahluko. Iitshiphusi zajika zasuka kwindlwane eziluhlaza, eziphotheneyo zeentaka zaya kutsho kumjikelo wesilivere ogobileyo. Ukugqitywa komphezulu kwaphuma kwiRagged 3.2 ukuya kwiRa 1.6 ecocekileyo.
Olu lolona lusebenzayo, ulungelelwaniso lwezandla oluchaza isakhono sokwenyani somatshini. Yiyo loo nto ibango levenkile ye CNC Machining Ubuchule kufuneka buchaneke ngokuthe ngqo. Nabani na unokubaleka ialuminiyam ngokukhawuleza. Ukubaleka i-316 okanye i-304 ngokufanelekileyo, ngonyamezelo oluluqilima kunye nemfezeko entle yomphezulu, ngakumbi kwiisanti ezinodonga olucekethekileyo apho ungenako ukubamba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yokoyika ukugqwethwa, luphawu lokulinganisa. Ifuna amagcisa ayiqondayo indlela yokuziphatha kwesixhobo, hayi ikhowudi ye-G kuphela.
IiNuances zeAlloy: Ayizizo zonke ii-304 ngama-304 kuphela
Olunye umaleko lutshintsho olufihlakeleyo ngaphakathi kwintsapho ye-austenitic. Thatha i-304 xa ithelekiswa ne-304L. I-'L' ichaza ikhabhoni ephantsi, ngokukodwa ukulwa ne-sensitization-ukwenziwa kwe-chromium carbides kwimida yeenkozo ngexesha le-welding okanye i-high-high-exposure ye-welding, ephelisa i-chromium yendawo kwaye ibulale ukuxhathisa ukubola. Kwinxalenye eya kuthi ifakwe i-welded post-machining, ichaza i-304 endaweni ye-304L yimpazamo ebalulekileyo. Ndiyibonile isenzeka. Umthengi unikezele ngezabo iicerti zemathiriyeli kwi-304 bar stock ukulungiselela indibano edityanisiweyo. Sawenza ngoomatshini, bawuwelda, yaye kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, baba neentanda kwiindawo ezichatshazelwe bubushushu kwindawo enomhlwa. Izinto eziphathekayo zaziza kucaciswa, kodwa i-spec engalunganga yesicelo.
Emva koko kukho i-austenitics ekhethekileyo, njengamabakala aphezulu e-molybdenum (316, 317) kwiindawo ze-chloride, okanye amabakala azinzile njenge-321 ene-titanium. Umatshini ngamnye unokwahluka kancinci. I-321, umzekelo, inezo zifakiweyo ze-titanium ezinokuthi zibe ne-abrasive kwizixhobo. Kufuneka uphendule loo nto. Xa uluhlu lwezinto eziphathekayo zenkampani lubandakanya ialloys ezikhethekileyo njenge-nickel-based, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka bahambe kula ma-nuances. Ingqondo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza ziqala ukuhambelana. Ukuqwalaselwa kweenkcukacha ezifunekayo kwi-Inconel kuzuzisa ngokuthe ngqo ukwenziwa kwe-austenitic ekhohlisayo.
Oku kufikelela kumbindi wenkxaso yokukhethwa kwezinto. Iqabane elilungileyo lemveliso alithathi nje iodolo; kufuneka babe nakho ukubona ezi zinokuthi zenzeke izicelo ezingafaniyo. Ukuba umzobo wecandelo lempompo yamanzi olwandle ubiza i-304, kufuneka kubekho iflegi ephakanyisiweyo, incoko yaqala. Mhlawumbi i-316 iyafuneka, okanye mhlawumbi i-duplex engenabala ukuze ube namandla angcono. Olo umaleko wokubonisana uzalwa ngokubona izinto zingaphumeleli kwaye ziphumelele entsimini.
Ukusuka kwiRaw Casting ukuya kwiCandelo eligqityiweyo: Umngeni oDityanisiweyo
Uvavanyo lokwenyani luza xa uphethe lonke ikhonkco lexabiso, njengokubunjwa kweqokobhe elifuna ukucwangciswa komatshini we-CNC kubuso obubalulekileyo kunye nokubhoreka. I-as-cast surface ye-austenitic steel inomlinganiselo onzima, oxidized kunye ne-decarburized layer. Ipasi lakho lokuqala lomatshini kufuneka libe nzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze ungene phantsi kwayo yonke loo nto, ukucoca, isandi sentsimbi. Ukuba ukuphosa kwakho kunomahluko omncinci, inkqubo yakho ye-CNC ifuna izibonelelo kuloo nto. Sidibanise inkqubo yokuvavanya koomatshini bethu ukufumana esona sitokhwe kubuso bedatum ngaphambi kokuba umjikelo opheleleyo wokugqiba uqale. Yongeza umzuzu kwixesha lomjikelo kodwa igcina inxenye ekubeni ikhutshiwe ngenxa yokuba ukusikwa bekunzulu kakhulu kwindawo ephantsi.
Olu manyano luyinzuzo ebalulekileyo. Kwindawo efana ne-QSY, apho iinkqubo ze iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa, utyalo mali, kwaye CNC Machining ziphantsi kophahla olunye, iluphu yempendulo imfutshane. Iqela lomatshini liyakwazi ukuxelela i-Foundry ukuba lihlala lifumana indawo enzima kwindawo ethile yokuphosa, enokuthi ibhekisele kumcimbi obandayo ekubunjeni. I-Foundry inokulungelelanisa inkqubo yokuphosa ukuze ibonelele ngokuhambelana ngakumbi, isiqalo esinomatshini. Le synergy ibalulekile kwizinto ezinomngeni kuzo zombini iifom kunye nokusika.
Ikwavumela ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-net-shape shape cast. Kwinxalenye ye-austenitic engenasici, ufuna ukunciphisa inani le-alloy ebiza kakhulu ekufuneka uyijike ibe ziitshiphusi. Ngokusondeza kwimilo yokugqibela kunye nokwenza kuphela ujongano olubalulekileyo, ugcina ixabiso elikhulu lezinto eziphathekayo kunye nexesha lomatshini. Kodwa oku kufuna ulungelelwaniso olumangalisayo phakathi koyilo lwepateni yokuphosa kunye nokuseta izixhobo zokulungisa oomatshini. Ngumdlalo okwinqanaba eliphezulu lokwenziwa kwemveliso enokwenzeka kuphela ngobunzulu, ubuchwephesha benkqubo enqamlezayo.
Iingcamango Zokuqukumbela: Wuhlonele Umbandela
Ke, yintoni enokuthi ithathwe emva kweminyaka yokusebenza nayo? Austenitic steel stainless lusapho olumangalisayo lwemathiriyeli, kodwa lufuna intlonipho. Asiyonto yokulahla intsimbi ethambileyo. Impumelelo yayo kwisicelo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezintathu: ukukhetha ibakala elichanekileyo lemeko-bume yenkonzo, ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokubumba (efana nokuphosa) elungelelaniswe nokuziphatha kwayo okuqiniswayo, kunye nokusebenzisa isicwangciso somatshini esivuma ukusika okukhethekileyo komatshini. Fumana nayiphi na kwezi zinto zingalunganga, kwaye ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kokutya kunye nokuqina okuhlawuleleyo akunakuze kuphunyezwe kwinqanaba lokugqibela.
Iinkampani ezihlala zihambisa izinto ezilungileyo ze-austenitic azikho nje abathathi-odolo. Bangabasombululi beengxaki kunye nokuqonda kwegranular ye-metallurgy kunye nenkqubo yokusebenzisana. Babuza imibuzo malunga nokuphela kokusetyenziswa, banedatha yembali yokuphepha imigibe edlulileyo, kwaye banamandla angaphakathi ukulungelelanisa izigaba ezininzi zokuvelisa kwikonsathi. Leyo yinkcazo yokwenyani yobungcali kule ntsimi-incinci malunga noluhlu lwezixhobo kunye nokunye malunga nokuqokelela, ubulumko obusebenzayo obusetyenziswa kuwo wonke umsebenzi ongena emnyango.
Ekugqibeleni, kuhla ekuphatheni izinto eziphathekayo njengeqabane elinobuntu bayo, kungekhona nje into yokuthengisa. Xa usenza oko, uvula amandla ayo apheleleyo, kwaye yiloo nto eyahlula icandelo elisebenzayo nelithembekileyo, elihlala ixesha elide. Nantso injongo, kunjalo. Sisafunda amaqhinga amatsha ngalo lonke ixesha ushicilelo olucelomngeni lufika edesikeni.
