Xa abantu besiva 'iinxalenye zezixhobo ze-oyile nerhasi', bakholisa ukuba nomfanekiso wezinto ezinkulu, ezimangalisayo-imithi yeKrismesi, iivalvu ezinkulu kumgangatho wesixhobo. Oko kujongwa okuqhelekileyo. Ibali lokwenyani, elo ligcina imisebenzi isebenza okanye lizimise ekusileni, likwinxalenye engathandekiyo kangako. Iibhloko ezininzi, i-subs, i-sensor housings, ii-impellers zempompo. La ngamalungu apho imfezeko yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuchaneka ingeyiyo inkcazo nje ephepheni; ziyinto ekhoyo phakathi komjikelo wolondolozo lwesiqhelo kunye nesiganeko sentlekele esingenamveliso (NPT). Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu apho ugqaliselo lobunjineli lwaluphezulu, kuphela ukukhubeka kwibhetshi yeebholiti zealloyi ezikumgangatho ophantsi okanye udibaniso oluphathwe bubushushu olungazange ludibane nenkcazo epheleleyo yenkonzo emuncu. Kulapho ubuchwephesha bokwenyani, kunye neendleko zokwenyani, bungcwatywa khona.
Izinto eziphathekayo Ayilonani nje leBanga
Awunakuvele u-odole i-316 engenastainless kwaye uyibize ngosuku. Kuba izixhobo ze-oyile kunye negesi esebenza kwindawo ephantsi okanye engaphantsi kolwandle, isatifikethi sezinto eziphathekayo yivangeli yokuqala. Kodwa asiyiyo yodwa. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwezixhobo zomthi wefrac apho i-forgings yangena kunye neecerts ezichanekileyo ze-ASTM A182 F316L. Ephepheni, igqibelele. Kodwa ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini kwivenkile yethu yeqabane, oomatshini baqaphela ukunxitywa kwesixhobo esingahambelaniyo kunye nokwahluka okuncinci ekubunjweni kwetshiphu. Kwavela into ethile. Sityhale iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo, ezingezizo ezisemgangathweni - ukujonga umxholo we-ferrite, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-pitting resistance equivalence number (PREN) ngaphaya kobuncinci obuqhelekileyo. Kwavela ukuba, i-chemistry enyibilikayo yayisezantsi kakhulu kumda we-spec ye-molybdenum. Kwisicelo esisemgangathweni, inokuba idlulile. Kuba i-chloride-etyebileyo, imeko-bume yoxinzelelo oluphezulu yayimiselwe, yayiyimidlalo yokungcakaza esasingenakuyithatha. Salikhaba iqashiso. Eso sigqibo, esisekelwe 'kwimvakalelo' esuka kumgangatho womatshini, sasindisa isiganeko esinokubakho solawulo lomthombo kamva. Yile granular, ingqalelo ephantse ithathelwe ingqalelo kwintsimbi ngokwayo eyahlula ababoneleli.
Kungenxa yoko le nto ubudlelwane bexesha elide kunye nabasunguli kunye noomatshini abafumana oku kubaluleka kakhulu. Ndisebenze neQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) kwiiprojekthi ezininzi kule minyaka idlulileyo. Imvelaphi yabo ku iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kwaye utyalo mali ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu kuthetha ukuba babone ukuvela kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Xa uxoxa ngenxalenye yesiphelo sempompo yodaka okanye ivalve yokunqumamisa, abacingi nje ngokumila; bacinga malunga nesakhiwo sengqolowa ye-17-4PH engenasici emva kokuguga, okanye indlela i-alloy esekelwe kwi-cobalt eya kuziphatha ngayo ngexesha le-CNC eyinkimbinkimbi yeepaseji zokuhamba zangaphakathi. Ukuba inkumbulo yeziko ekugalweni kunye CNC Machining yealloys ye-oilfield yinto ongenakuyithenga ngobusuku.
Ukutshintshela kwii-alloys ezingaqhelekanga zenkonzo egqithisileyo - cinga ukuba i-Inconel 718 yemithombo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lobushushu (HTHP) okanye iintsimbi eziphindwe kabini zentsimbi ezonakalisayo - yenze oku kubaluleke ngakumbi. Ukucoca ialloyi esekwe nickel akufani nokwenza machining carbon steel; iiparamitha zihlukile, izixhobo zihlukile, ukupholisa kuyahluka. Ivenkile eyiphatha njengenye intsimbi eqinileyo iya kutshisa ngezixhobo, ibangele iintanda ezincinci, kwaye ibeke esichengeni ubomi benkonzo yecandelo phambi kokuba iwushiye umzi-mveliso. Ubuchwephesha bulele ekulungiseni lonke ikhonkco lokuvelisa, ukusuka kwindlela yokuphosa ukuya kwipasi yokugqibela yomatshini, ukuya kwisinyithi esithile.
Ukuchaneka: Apho Ukuvalwa Kwaneleyo Kuxabisa izigidi
Ukunyamezela kule nkalo akukho malunga nobuhle. Iprofayile yentambo yokukhwelana ecinywe ngamawaka ambalwa e-intshi inokuthetha ukuba unxibelelwano aluyi kuvavanywa uxinzelelo. Umphezulu wokutywina onomphetho we-Ra orhabaxa kakhulu, okanye umbi kakhulu, ugudileyo kakhulu kwaye ungavumeli indawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala kwi-gasket, iya kuvuza. Ndifunde oku ngendlela enzima kwangethuba ngebhetshi yeeadaptha ze-API 6A zeflange. Amalungu ayebonakala emhle, imilinganiselo yayingaphakathi koshicilelo oluxeliweyo lokunyamezelwa. Kodwa ngexesha lokwenziwa kwi-rig, i-torque curve yayingalunganga. Ingxaki? Iradiyasi yengcambu yomsonto, inkcukacha engasoloko ihlolisiswa kakhulu kwingxelo yohlolo, ibikwisiphelo esiqinileyo sebhendi yonyamezelo, idala ukuphazamiseka ngexesha lokujika kokugqibela. Isiphumo: ukuqaqadeka, kulandelwa lugqogqo lokukhangela iindawo ezitshintshiweyo kunye neeyure ezingama-36 zexesha lokungasebenzi. Ixabiso lamalungu lalingabalulekanga xa lithelekiswa ne-NPT.
Apha kulapho phambili CNC Machining kunye nolawulo lomgangatho olungqongqo luyadibana. Akunjalo nje ngokuba ne-5-axis mill; imalunga nenkqubo, ukulungiswa, umlinganiselo wenkqubo. Kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana nendlu yokudibanisa i-subsea okanye i-valve ye-valve yokulawula ene-intersecting bores, ukulandelelana kwemisebenzi kubalulekile ukukhusela ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo. Inkampani efana ne-QSY, kunye necandelo labo elizinikeleyo lomatshini, liyaqonda ukuba ukuphosa sisiqingatha sedabi. Umatshini kulapho ijometri esebenzayo kunye neempawu zokutywinwa ezibalulekileyo zizalwa. Kufuneka balawule iingcinezelo ezishiyekileyo ezivela kwinkqubo yokuphosa ngexesha lezigaba zomatshini, ezifuna ulwazi olunzulu lwenkqubo.
Omnye umba osoloko ungahoywa kukulandeleka. Yonke into ebalulekileyo inxalenye yezixhobo ze-oyile negesi ufuna umnombo. Oko kuthetha ukulandeleka ukusuka kwindawo yokugqibela yomatshini ubuyela kwinani lobushushu lezinto eziluhlaza, ngovavanyo ngalunye olungonakalisi (NDT) njenge-UT, MT, okanye PT. Kuphicotho-zincwadi okanye, izulu lingavumeli, uphando olungaphumeleliyo, ukuba amaphepha abaluleke njengenxalenye ngokwayo. Inkqubo eyomeleleyo apha ithetha ngokubanzi malunga nobuchule bomthengisi.
Ukhetho lokuCasa: Ngaphezulu kweNdawo yeXabiso
Ukubunjwa kweqokobhe kuchasene notyalo-mali – akukho lula nokuba/okanye. Nganye ine-domain yayo kwiindawo ze-ecosystem. Kwiindawo ezinkulu, ezilula ngakumbi zejometri ezifuna imfezeko yolwakhiwo olulungileyo kunye nokugqitywa okungcono komphezulu kunokugatywa kwesanti yemveli-cinga imizimba yevalvu, izindlu zebhokisi yegiya, okanye iipompu ezinkulu zempompo - iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa idla ngokuba lihashe lomsebenzi. Inika ibhalansi elungileyo yeendleko, ukuchaneka kwedimensional, kunye nezinga lemveliso kumthamo ophakathi ukuya phezulu.
Kodwa xa ungena kwiindawo ezineejometri zangaphakathi ezintsonkothileyo, iindonga ezibhityileyo, okanye iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokugqiba umphezulu, utyalo mali (inkqubo yewax elahlekileyo) iza kweyayo. Cinga iincakuba ze-iturbine ze-turbo-expander, izindlu ezintsonkothileyo zokucoca, okanye iikhomponenti zesixhobo sokulinganisa-ngelixa-kubombiwa (MWD). Ukukwazi ukuvelisa iindawo ezikufutshane ne-net-shape kunye nee-engile zokuyilwa ezincinci zinciphisa inani le-alloy ebizayo ekufuneka ilungiswe ngoomatshini kamva, nto leyo ixabisa kakhulu indleko yezinto ezifana ne-Inconel okanye i-Hastelloy. I-downside yithuba lokukhokela kunye neendleko zeepateni zokubumba. Isigqibo sixhomekeke kumsebenzi wenxalenye, ubungakanani, kunye nexabiso lilonke elibekiweyo xa umatshini ubalwa.
Ndifumene iindawo kwi-QSY ndisebenzisa iindlela zombini. Ukuqhutywa kwee-spools zolawulo lokuhamba kunye ne-porting yangaphakathi, ukubumba iqokobhe yayilukhetho olufanelekileyo. Kwiseti yealloyi ekwaziyo ukumelana nokudleka kwamalungu e-alloy aminxekayo aneentsinjana ezincinci, ezichanekileyo, utyalo-mali kuphela kwendlela yokufikelela imfezeko efunekayo. Umniki-nkonzo onokunikezela kwaye acebise ngokungenamkhethe kuzo zombini iinkqubo, endaweni yokutyhala enye kuba ikuphela kwesakhono sabo, liqabane elixabisekileyo. Kuthetha ukuba basombulula ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo, hayi nje ukugcwalisa iodolo.
Ukungaphumeleli njengoMsebenzi wokunyanzelisa
Awufundi ngenene malunga namalungu kude kube kukho into eqhekekileyo. Kwiminyaka embalwa ebuyileyo, besinomcimbi ophindaphindiweyo wokunxitywa kwangaphambi kwexesha kwiiplunger kwimpompo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-triplex. Izinto eziphathekayo yayiyintsimbi eqhelekileyo eqinile, i-specs yahlangatyezwa, kodwa babesilela kakuhle kubomi babo obulindelekileyo. Ukusabela kokuqala kwaba kukugxeka iimeko zokusebenza. Kodwa emva kokukrazula iiyunithi ezininzi ezisileleyo kwaye sizithelekisa nezo zihlala, siqaphele umahluko ofihlakeleyo kwi-microstructure engaphezulu yendawo yokutywina. Amalungu aphumeleleyo ayenobume obungaguquguqukiyo, obucolekileyo obuvela kumjikelo othile wokunyanga ubushushu emva komatshini.
Ukulungiswa yayingeyonto intsha, kodwa yayilulawulo olungqongqo kunye nokucaciswa kwe-post-CNC Machining inkqubo yonyango lobushushu - ubushushu bokufudumala, indawo yokucima, yonke into. Sihlaziye umzobo kunye nemigaqo yenkqubo yokuvelisa (MPS) ukutshixa oku ngaphakathi. Olu luhlobo lweenkcukacha ezahlula inxalenye yempahla yorhwebo kwindawo ethembekileyo. Kuhlala kufuna intsebenziswano kunye nomvelisi ozimisele ukugrumba kulawulo lwenkqubo yabo. Ayingomsebenzi unika umdla, kodwa nguwo othintela ukusilela.
Ezi zifundo zibhakwa kuyilo lwexesha elizayo. Ngoku, xa ukhankanya inxalenye yesicelo esifanayo, incoko iqala ngokuthi, Khumbula umba we plunger? Sidinga ukucacisa iprotocol yokuphatha ukushisa ngokufanelekileyo kwi-PO, kwaye sifuna iirekhodi ezipheleleyo. Inyanzelisa unxibelelwano oluneenkcukacha ngakumbi, ngakumbi intsebenziswano nomenzi wamalungu.
Ixabiso lokwenyani loMlingane ohleli ixesha elide
Ekugqibeleni, ukukhangela izixhobo ze-oyile kunye negesi ayingomdlalo wentengiselwano wokufumana oyena mntu uphantsi. Imalunga nolawulo lomngcipheko. Umngcipheko wemali we-NPT unciphisa nayiphi na imali eyongiwe kwixabiso leyunithi. Xa ufumana umenzi osele etyhutyha imijikelo – iibhomu, iibhasi, imathiriyeli eguqukayo kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko – uthenga loo mava aqokelelweyo, ngamanye amaxesha abuhlungu.
Inkampani efana ne-QSY, enembali yayo yeminyaka engama-30 ekwenziweni nasekusebenzeni, iquka loo nto. Basenokuba balubonile utshintsho oluchaziweyo ukusuka kwi-API 6A ukuya kwi-6AV1, baye baqhelana neemfuno ze-NORSOK M-650 zomsebenzi woLwandle lwaseNyakatho, kwaye baye batshintsha yonke into ukusuka kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwi-super duplex steels stainless. Loo mbali ithetha ukuba banokulindela iingxaki. Basenokujonga umzobo baze bathi, Senze into efana nale kwiGulf. Ubukhulu bodonga apha ekudibaneni kweendlela kunokuba ngumba we-porosity; Ngaba ukhe waqwalasela ukuyilwa ngokutsha okuncinci ukwenzela ukuhamba okungcono kokusasa? Olo hlobo lwempendulo yigolide.
Ijika ubudlelwane busuka kumthengi-umboneleli oguquguqukayo ube ngumzamo wobunjineli odibeneyo. Injongo iyatshintsha ukusuka nje ukwenza inxalenye ukuya ekuphuhliseni icandelo elithembekileyo elisebenza entsimini. Yiloo nto ingabonakaliyo oyilandelayo. Xa uxinzelelo luvuliwe, kwaye ufuna indawo ebalulekileyo oyaziyo ukuba iya kubamba, obo buhlakani yinto othembele kuyo, ngaphezulu kakhulu kunenombolo yomyalelo wokuthenga.
