Xa usiva 'undoqo we-ceramic wotyalo-mali', uninzi lucinga ukuba sisibambi-ndawo, imilo yedini. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Enyanisweni, ngumyili wobunzima bangaphakathi. Undoqo oyilwe kakubi unokuwa, utshintshe, okanye usilele ukuphuma, ukukrazula iblade yonke ye-iturbine okanye ukufakelwa kwezonyango. Ndikhe ndabona iivenkile zigxeka i-alloy okanye iqokobhe, kuphela ukufumana ingcambu unobangela wawungundoqo ongakwaziyo ukumelana nomothuko we-thermal wokugalela i-superalloy. Asiyonxalenye; kukuzibophelela ekuchanekeni kwasekuqaleni komjikelo woyilo.
Izinto eziphathekayo azikho nje iCeramic
Ukuyibiza ngokuba a isiseko se-ceramic kufana nokubiza intsimbi 'ngentsimbi'. Ukuqulunqwa yiyo yonke into. I-silicone-based based cores ixhaphake, kodwa i-alloys ephezulu ye-nickel ethululelwe ngaphezu kwe-1500 ° C, ujonge i-alumina okanye i-zirconia-based systems. Umahluko awukho nje ukulinganisa ubushushu. I-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal (CTE) kufuneka yenziwe injineli ukuze ihambelane nokungunda kweqokobhe elijikelezileyo. Ukungahambelani, nokuba kuncinci, kudala iintanda zoxinzelelo ngexesha lokupholisa. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi ye i-cobalt-based alloy manifold apho sisebenzise isiseko se-alumina engaphandle kweshelufu. Yayijongeka igqibelele emva kwe-dewax, kodwa emva kokugalela, iintanda ezincinci kumbindi ziguqulelwe kwimibhobho yomhlaba kwimijelo yangaphakathi yokuphosa. Izinto ezingundoqo 'yayilungile', kodwa yayingalunganga.
Emva koko kukho inkqubo yokubopha. Ayisiyonto nje yokubamba iinkozo ze-ceramic kunye ngexesha lobume obuluhlaza. Kumalunga nokuwa okulawulwayo ngexesha lokudubula ukuseta amandla okugqibela kwaye, ngokuyingozi, kulawulwa ukunyibilika kwibhafu ye-caustic kamva. Ezinye ii-silica-based cores zisebenzisa i-binder eshiya i-ethe-ethe, isigaba seglasi, ibenza bathande ukuphatha umonakalo. Obona buchule kukuyila imathiriyeli eyomeleleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingasinda kwisakhiwo seqokobhe kunye nokugalelwa, kodwa ibe buthathaka ngokwekhemikhali ngokwaneleyo ukuba isuswe ngaphandle kweendlela ezinobundlobongela ezinokonakalisa iindonga ezibhityileyo.
Apha kulapho amava anealloyi ezithile ahlawula khona. Ukusebenza kunye ialloys esekwe nickel, umzekelo, ufunda ukuba banoluhlu olude lokuqina kunye nokunyibilika okuphezulu. Undoqo udinga amandla ashushu akhethekileyo ukumelana nokungena kwentsimbi kunye nokhukuliseko ixesha elide. Injongo eqhelekileyo inokuthi ihlambe, ishiye umphezulu orhabaxa wangaphakathi obulala ukuqukuqela komoya kwindawo yeinjini yomoya. Kukusilela okuthe cwaka-uyibona kuphela ngexesha leX-reyi okanye uvavanyo lokuhamba.
Uyilo: Apho ithiyori idibana nomgangatho weFoundry
Iimodeli zeCAD zilungile. Iicores azikho. Owona msantsa mkhulu kukudrafti engile kunye nenkxaso. Abaqulunqi bahlala befuna idrafti ye-zero kwiimpawu zangaphakathi ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-aerodynamic okanye i-hydraulic. Kodwa undoqo yinto ebonakalayo ekufuneka ikhutshwe kwifa okanye icinezelwe kwisixhobo. Sayilwa le nto iminyaka. I-compromise idla ngokuba yidrafti encinci, yithi i-0.5 ukuya kwi-1 idigri, idityaniswe nokusetyenziswa kobuchule beprints eziphambili-ezo zandiso ezifumana kwaye ziqinise ingundoqo kwipatheni ye-wax kwaye kamva igobolondo.
Ndikhumbula uyilo oluntsonkothileyo lombhobho wamafutha kwi-aerospace. I isiseko se-ceramic zineengalo ezininzi ezicekethekileyo, ezifakwe i-cantilever. Ngokulinganisa, yayizinzile. Ngokwenza umsebenzi, ngexesha lokutofa kwepatheni ye-wax ejikelezileyo, uxinzelelo lubangele ukuphambuka. Isiphumo? Ukwahluka kobukhulu bodonga ngaphaya kokucaciswa. Ukulungiswa bekungengoyena ndoqo ungcono; yayiyila ngokutsha iingcango zokutofa kwe-wax kwaye yongeza izixhaso ze-ceramic zexeshana (kamva zasuswa ekusileni) ukuqinisa undoqo ngexesha laloo nkqubo. Yongeza iindleko kunye nenyathelo, kodwa yagcina inxalenye. Olu luhlobo lwe utyalo mali i-nuance ongayifumani kwiincwadi zezifundo.
Enye intloko esebenzayo kukukhupha umoya. Njengoko isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sigcwalisa umngxuma, umoya ovalelwe ngaphakathi kumbindi kufuneka ubaleke. Ukuba ayinakwenzeka, uxinzelelo lwangasemva luthintela ukuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo, okanye irhasi ibanjiswa ekujuleni. Sigrumba imingxunya emincinci kwiindawo ezingabalulekanga kumbindi, kodwa ukubekwa kwazo bubugcisa. Uninzi kakhulu luwenza buthathaka undoqo; zimbalwa kakhulu zibangela iziphene. Lucingo lwesigwebo olusekwe kumthamo ongundoqo kunye nejometri, ehlala icocwa ngokugalelwa kwetyala.
Intsebenziswano noMenzi oyiNgcali
Le asiyompahla oyi-odolayo kwikhathalogu. Yinkqubo yophuhliso ngokubambisana. Kule minyaka, siye sayama kakhulu kwiingcaphephe. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) izisa ixabiso elithile apha. Ngeminyaka yabo engama-30 iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kwaye utyalo mali, bayayiqonda yonke inkqubo yetsheyini. Xa uxoxa ngoyilo olungundoqo kunye nabo, abacingi nje ngondoqo bebodwa. Bacinga ngendlela enxibelelana ngayo nenkqubo yeqokobhe labo, i-autoclave yabo edityanisiweyo, ukuziqhelanisa nokugalela. intsimbi engenasici ngokuchasene ne-a i-alloy ekhethekileyo.
Ndikhe ndandwendwela indawo yabo, ndiphonononga iprojekthi yomzimba wevalvu kwi-duplex steel stainless steel. Undoqo wawunepokotho enzulu, emxinwa. Injineli yabo kwangoko yalatha umba onokuthi uqhawuke. Ingcebiso yabo ibikukutshintsha kancinci umlinganiselo wepokotho kwaye uchaze ukwakheka okunombilini othe kratya kwindawo ethile ukukhawulezisa ukunyibilika kweekhemikhali. Yingcinga edibeneyo leyo. Ivela ekubeni ne CNC Machining amandla ngaphakathi kwendlu ngokunjalo-banokuguqula ngokukhawuleza izixhobo ze-wax core ifa ngokusekelwe kwingxelo evela kwizilingo zokuqala, ukunciphisa i-loop yophuhliso. Ungayibona indlela yabo kwisiza sabo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
Ubudlelwane ngundoqo kuba emva kokwenziwa kondoqo, uxanduva alupheli. Kukho ukuhlolwa kwenqaku lokuqala, rhoqo kusetyenziswa ukuskena kwe-CT ukuthelekisa undoqo we-ceramic otshisiweyo kwimodeli ye-CAD, ukujonga ukugqwetheka. Emva koko kukho inkqubo yokulungisa undoqo kwinaliti yokufa. Umenzi oyingcali uya kuhlala ebonelela ngezixhobo okanye iiprothokholi ezineenkcukacha. Umthengisi ongundoqo wegeneric uthumela nje ibhokisi enamalungu abuthathaka.
Ukungaphumeleli yiNdawo yeDatha
Awuzange usebenze kunye iicores zeceramic ude ube nokusilela okumangalisayo. Enye ethe nca kum yayiyeyempompo yempompo yeshishini elikhulu. Iintsimbi zazinkulu kwaye zintsonkothile. Badubula kakuhle kwaye basinda kwisakhiwo samaqokobhe. Ukugalela kwe intsimbi uhambe kakuhle. Ingxaki yavela ngexesha lokushukuma. Undoqo awuzange uvele. Sizame i-leaching eyandisiweyo, ukothuka kwe-thermal, kunye neebhafu ze-ultrasonic. Iziqwenga zahlala zidityanisiwe kwiipaseji zangaphakathi. I-post-mortem ibonakalise umba: i-binder engundoqo idibene nokungcola okuthe ngqo kudongwe olusetyenziswe kwi-coat slurry coat yeqokobhe, idala i-interface ye-ceramic edibeneyo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Izinto ezingundoqo zazilungile. Impahla yeqokobhe yayilungile. Kodwa indibaniselwano yabo, phantsi kwezo meko zikhethekileyo, yaba yintlekele.
Oko kusilela kwasifundisa ukuba sisoloko siqhuba uvavanyo lokuhambelana-ukudubula iqhekeza elincinci lombindi ngokuchasene neyona nkqubo yeqokobhe eludaka esiceba ukuyisebenzisa, emva koko sijonge ukuncamathela. Linyathelo elilula ngoku elisemgangathweni kwinkqubo yethu. Iphinde yandifundisa ukuba ku utyalo mali, yonke into iyinxalenye yenkqubo. Awunako ukwenza enye kwindawo engenanto.
Olunye ukusilela okuqhelekileyo, okuthe cwaka kukukhukuliseka komda. Undoqo unokugqibelela kwiziqwenga eziyi-100 zokuqala, emva koko uqala ukubona umkhwa oya kumda wokunyamezelana. Kudla ngokuba sisixhobo-idayizi esetyenziselwa ukwenza i-wax core-igugile. Okanye inokuba lutshintsho oluchuliweyo kwiatmosphere yomlilo womlilo. Ukubamba oku kufuna ulawulo olungqongqo lwenkqubo yobalo, ukulinganisa kungekuphela nje ukuphoswa kokugqibela, kodwa isiseko seceramic kumanqanaba amaninzi. Iyadika, kodwa inqanda intlekele ehamba kancinci.
Intlawulo Engavunywanga
Xa zonke zihlangene, i isiseko se-ceramic yintoni eyenza ukuphosa okungenakwenzeka. Cinga ngencakuba yeinjini yomoya enomgongxo enemijelo yokupholisa entsonkothileyo elandela i-contour ye-airfoil. Ayikho enye indlela enokufezekisa le geometry yangaphakathi. Ixabiso alikho nje ekudaleni indawo engenanto; kusekudaleni umqukuqelo owenziwe ngokuchanekileyo ovumela i-injini ukuba iqhube shushu ngakumbi, ngokufanelekileyo. Kulapho iindleko eziphezulu zokuphuhlisa kunye nokuvelisa ezi cores zifanelekile.
Kwinkampani efana QSY, umsebenzi wayo usuka kwimizi-mveliso intsimbi amacandelo ekusebenzeni okuphezulu ialloys esekwe cobalt, iteknoloji engundoqo yibhulorho phakathi kwezi marike. Imigaqo iyafana, kodwa isikali sokwenziwa sichaneka kunye nesayensi yezinto. Ukukwazi ukulawula loo spectrum phantsi kophahla olunye yinto eyahlula ivenkile yomsebenzi kwiqabane lokwenyani lobunjineli.
Ke kwixesha elizayo xa ujonga utyalo-mali oluntsonkothileyo, khumbula umqolo ongabonakaliyo ngaphakathi. Oko isiseko se-ceramic yaqalwa njengentlama, yabunjwa, yadutyulwa, yaphathwa, yarhangqwa ngumthwebeba, yaqatywa, yagxothwa kwakhona, yarhaxwa kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, yaza ekugqibeleni yanyibilika. Ubukho bayo bonke sisenzo esidlulayo sokuchaneka, sishiya kuphela umngxuma ogqibeleleyo ngasemva. Ukufumana elo lungelo sisiqingatha sedabi ekwenzeni ukuphosa okungalunganga, kodwa kufanelekile ukubhabha, ibakala lokufakelwa, okanye i-mission-ibaluleke kakhulu. Ayisosimeli nje.
