Xa abantu abaninzi besiva i-'ductile iron sand casting', baba nomfanekiso wenkqubo ethe ngqo, ephantse ifane yesikolo sakudala: nyibilikisa intsimbi, yigalele kubumba lwesanti, yiqhaqhe, kwaye ugqibile. Leyo yeyona mbono iphosakeleyo. Inyani luthethathethwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kwekhemistri, ifiziksi, kunye nezoqoqosho. Inxalenye 'yeductile'-ukuphumeza isakhiwo se-spheroidal graphite-sisenzo socingo oluphezulu oluqala ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba isinyithi sifike kwileyidi. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu zikhubeka ngokuphatha inkqubo yesanti njengesikhongozeli sokwenziwa endaweni yokuba ngumthathi-nxaxheba osebenzayo kwingqibelelo yenxalenye yokugqibela.
ISiseko siYonke into: Isanti AsiyoSanti nje
Unganyibilika ngokugqibeleleyo, i-nodularization egqibeleleyo, kodwa ukuba inkqubo yakho yesanti icinyiwe, usisilaphu. Ayikokusebenzisa nayiphi na isanti ye-silica. Inombolo ye-fineness yengqolowa ye-AFS, umxholo wodongwe (i-bentonite), inqanaba lokufuma-ezi azikho nje amanani kwiphepha. Bayalela ukukwazi komngundo ukukhupha iigesi, ukumelana nokothuka kwe-1400°C+ yentsimbi, kwaye babonelele ngomphezulu ocutha ixesha lokucoca. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwibhetshi yemizimba yevalvu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Isanti yayilungile kakhulu kwaye ipakishwe nzima kakhulu. Isiphumo yayingesosiphene esibonakalayo esifana nomngxuma wokuvuthela, kodwa uthungelwano lwe-micro-cold luvaleka kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo ezibonisa kuphela ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-hydro. Ilahleko iyonke. Kulapho uyeka ukubona isanti njengokungcola kwaye uqale ukuyibona njengento echanekileyo.
Kulapho amava avela kwi-Foundry efana ne-QSY (Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.) ibonisa ixabiso layo. Ukubaleka i-Foundry iminyaka engaphezu kwe-30, uhlakulela ukuvakalelwa kwesanti. Uyazi ukuba ukufuma ngemini yemvula eQingdao kuya kuziphosa njani iithagethi zakho zokufuma, okanye ukuba ukusebenzisa kwakhona isanti kaninzi kangakanani ngaphandle kokulungiswa okufanelekileyo kububa iplastiki yodongwe. Ukusebenza kwabo kwexesha elide kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphosa kuthetha ukuba bayaqonda ukuba ukulawulwa kwesanti kwi-ductile iron akufani nentsimbi engwevu-i-dynamics yokupholisa yahlukile, isinyithi siziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
Uyilo lwesixokelelwano sokungena esantini sesinye isiqwenga esibaluleke kakhulu, esihlala sijongelwa phantsi. Ngentsimbi ye-ductile, ujongana nentsimbi enendawo eyahlukileyo ye-pasty ngexesha lokuqina. Kufuneka ukondle ukushwabana ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa amasango kunye nezinyusi kufuneka ziyilelwe ukunciphisa isiphithiphithi. Ukuhamba kwe-turbulent kukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwe-dross-i-magnesium silicate inclusions ephazamisa i-machinability kunye namandla okukhathala. Ndihlala ndichitha ixesha elingalinganiyo kwisakhiwo sesango; kutshiphu ukulungisa umzobo kunokulungisa iyadi egcwele iintanda eziqhekekileyo.
Umdaniso weMagnesium: Ukufezekisa iDuctility eyinyani
Lo ngundoqo wenkqubo. Ukuthatha isiseko sentsimbi enamanqanaba esulfure alawulwa ngononophelo kunye neoksijini kunye nokutofa loo shot ichanekileyo ye-magnesium. Kancinci kakhulu, ufumana i-flake graphite, ilahlekelwa yi-ductility. Kakhulu, ufumana imvula ye-carbide, eyenza inxalenye ibe brittle kwaye ingenakulinganiswa. Indlela ibalulekile-i-tundish cover, sandwich, flow-through. Ngamnye unesivuno sakhe kunye nokuhambelana. Ndikhetha indlela yesandwich kumacandelo anzima; inika ukusabela okuqikelelwayo ngakumbi, okucothayo. Awongezi nje into; ulawula ubundlobongela obuphumayo obutshintsha ubume bentsimbi.
I-Post-inoculation linyathelo elilandelayo ongenakulitsiba. Unyango lwe-magnesium luyaphela. Ukuba ulinda ixesha elide ukugalela, amaqhuqhuva egraphite aqala ukuwohloka. Ukongeza i-inoculant kade njenge-ferrosilicon kanye phambi kokugalela kudala iindawo ezintsha ze-nucleation, iqinisekisa ukubalwa kwamaqhuqhuva aphezulu kunye neyunifomu, i-matrix entle. Ndilandele iimpawu zomatshini ngokuchasene nexesha eliphakathi konyango kunye nokugalela. I-drop-off emva kwefestile ethile inzima. Inyanzela isingqi kumgangatho wevenkile ekhangeleka isiphithiphithi kodwa eneneni iyiballet enexesha eliqinileyo.
Ukuthetha ngeepropati, umtsalane we ukugalelwa kwesanti yentsimbi ye-ductile luluhlu onokulufumana. Unokujolisa kwi-EN-GJS-400-18 yobude obuphezulu, okanye utyhale kwi-GJS-700-2 ukuze ufumane amandla. Kodwa awuyifumani loo nto ngokutshintsha nje iresiphi kwiziko. Yindibaniselwano yekhemistri, izinga lokupholisa elichazwe ngundo lwesanti (amacandelo atyebileyo apholile ngokucothayo, achaphazela ubungakanani beqhuqhuva kunye ne-matrix), kwaye rhoqo, unyango olulandelayo lobushushu. I-Anealing to ferritize, ukucima kunye nokufudumala kwi-pearlitic okanye isakhiwo se-martensitic-i-santi casting linyathelo lokuqala kuhambo olude ukuya kwi-spec yokugqibela.
Apho Ingena khona nalapho Ingangeni khona
Ukugalelwa kwesanti yentsimbi ayiyompendulo kuwo onke amalungu. Ukuntsokotha okuphezulu, iinxalenye zodonga olucekethekileyo ezinonyamezelo oluphambeneyo, utyalo-mali okanye ukubumba iqokobhe kunokuba ngcono. Kodwa kwinto eyenzayo kakuhle, ayinakoyiswa kwiindleko zamalungu aphakathi ukuya kumakhulu. Cinga ngezindlu zempompo, iimeko zebhokisi yegiya enzima, ii-hydraulic manifolds ezinkulu, okanye iziseko zesixhobo somatshini. Ubungakanani obukhulu besakhono kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokubumba isanti (ingakumbi kwi-off-off okanye umthamo ophantsi) yenza ukuba kuhambe. Inkampani efana ne-QSY, ebonelela ngokubunjwa kweqokobhe kunye nokuphosa isanti, ikwimeko entle yokucebisa ngale nto. Bangajonga umzobo kwaye ngokunyanisekileyo bathi, Kwesi sibiyeli sikhethekileyo, ukugalelwa kwesanti kugqithise, masisebenzise ukungunda kweqokobhe, okanye Le ndlu yeinjini yomoya yomoya ifuna ulawulo lobushushu obushushu kuphela ngundo lwesanti eyilwe kakuhle enokunika.
Isibonelelo soomatshini ngumba ongundoqo wezoqoqosho. Imiphezulu yesanti irhabaxa. Kuya kufuneka ushiye isitokhwe ngakumbi ukuze oomatshini be-CNC bacoce. Oko kumosha isinyithi kunye nexesha lomatshini. Inkqubo yesanti eyenziwe kakuhle kunye ne-zirconia okanye i-chromite ejongene nesanti kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo inokuphucula ukugqitywa komphezulu ngokumangalisayo, ukunciphisa eso sibonelelo. Lubalo lweendleko-inzuzo. Kwindawo yangaphakathi engabalulekanga, isibonelelo se-3-5mm silungile. Kwisihlalo esithweleyo, usifuna siqine kangangoko, mhlawumbi 1.5-2mm, efuna umgangatho obalaseleyo wokungunda.
Intloko yehlabathi yokwenyani? Ukwahluka komgangatho. Isikhunta sesanti sinokugqwetha ngexesha lokugalela, okanye ipateni igqoke. Kwinxalenye entsonkothileyo, ukubamba ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo kwibhetshi enkulu kulucelomngeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka wakhe imbuyekezo kwipatheni-ubugcisa ngokwabo. Sakhe saba nengxaki eqhubekayo kunye nesithuba sokudinwa kwisakhelo secompressor. Ipateni yayigqibelele, kodwa ii-castings zazicinywe ngesiqingatha semilimitha. Umoni? Ukudityaniswa kwesanti ejikeleze iprints engundoqo yayingafani, ivumela ii-cores ezinzima ukuba zitshintshe kancinci ngexesha lokugalelwa. Ukulungiswa kwaba luhlengahlengiso olulula lwejometri yoshicilelo olungundoqo ukuyitshixa endaweni ngcono. Ilula ngokujonga, iveki yomsebenzi womcuphi ngelo xesha.
Ukudityaniswa: Ukusuka kwiCasa ukuya kwiNdawo egqityiweyo
Le yinyani yanamhlanje. Kunqabile ukwenza a ukugalelwa kwesanti yentsimbi ye-ductile nqanawa njengoko-cast. Ifuna umatshini. Ukuba ne-casting kunye ne-machining phantsi kophahla olunye, njengoko i-QSY isenza kunye necandelo labo lomatshini le-CNC, kuphelisa intaba yezinto zokusebenza kunye neengxabano zomgangatho. Oomatshini kunye nabasunguli bayakwazi ukuthetha. Ukuba oomatshini bahlala besaphula izixhobo kwibhetshi ethile, banokubuyela emva kwisiseko kwaye bathi, Ubunzima abuhambelani, okanye Kukho ulusu olubandayo apha. I-Foundry inokulungelelanisa i-inoculant okanye iqondo lokushisa lokuthulula.
Izinto eziphathekayo nazo zibalulekile. Ngelixa i-iron ye-ductile eqhelekileyo (efana ne-450-10) ifana ne-workhorse, ngamanye amaxesha ufuna i-bainitic ductile iron yokumelana nokunxiba, okanye i-silicon-solution-yomelezwa enye yenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu. Inkqubo yesanti iyaguquguquka, kodwa isango kunye nokunyuka kufuneka kucatshangelwe ngokutsha kwezi ngxubevange ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha zokucutheka. Ukukhankanywa kwe-QSY yokusebenza ngeealloyi ezikhethekileyo ezifana neze-nickel-based ixela-ibonisa amandla okuphatha inyibiliko enyibilikayo enokuthi ifuneke kumhlwa okanye iinguqulelo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu zamalungu esinyithi adityanisiweyo.
Ekugqibeleni, uphumelele ukugalelwa kwesanti yentsimbi ye-ductile imalunga nokubona lonke ikhonkco. Ayiloluhlu lwamanyathelo adityanisiweyo kodwa iluphu. Ingxelo yomatshini yazisa inkqubo yokuphosa. Umgangatho wokuphosa ulawula isivuno somatshini. Yinkqubo emdaka, esebenza ngezandla apho ithiyori idibana nenyani yomgangatho oshushu, ongxolayo. Ubuhle bayo kukwenza intsimbi eyomeleleyo, icandelo elithembekileyo elenza umqolo ofihlakeleyo womatshini ongaka, usebenzisa eyona ndlela yakudala neguquguqukayo yokubumba esinayo. Uyayihlonipha inkqubo, kwaye iya kuvelisa iinxalenye ezihlala amashumi eminyaka.
