Xa ubona i-'Inconel 718 ifaka utyalo-mali kwi-spec, ihlala isiza nephepha ledatha elicwengileyo elidwelisa amandla okugqibela kunye nokuxhathisa okunyuka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1300 ° F. Into eliphepha elingafane liyikhankanye bubulukhuni be-alloyi ngexesha lokukhutshwa kweqokobhe, okanye indlela ulwazelelelo olungelulo olungelulo ekungeneni kwesango lokungena olunokuguqula icandelo leinjini yomoya elintsonkothileyo libe liphepha elibiza kakhulu. Kukho ingcamango ephosakeleyo eqhelekileyo yokuba ngenxa yokuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi i-superalloy, inkqubo isemgangathweni ngokulinganayo. Ayiyo. Umtyholi kulawulo lwe-thermal-ukulawula ukushisa kungekhona nje ngexesha lokuthulula, kodwa ukususela kumzuzu uqala ukwakha igobolondo ye-ceramic.
Umdlalo weShell: Ngakumbi kuneCeramic Dip
Ukuqala ngepateni ye-wax, inkqubo ibonakala iqonde. Kodwa nge-718, i-gamma ephezulu kunye nomxholo ophindwe kabini we-gamma oyinika ezo zakhiwo zinkulu ziyenza ibe yingxaki yokondla ukuqina kokuqina. Awunakusebenzisa ubume bomthi obufanayo obuya kuwusebenzisela u-304 ongenabala. Ndifunde oku ngendlela enzima kumsebenzi wokuqala we-combustor liner. Sisebenzise inkqubo yokugada esemgangathweni, indibano entle yewax, iqokobhe eligqibeleleyo. I-NDT iveze inethiwekhi ye-microshrinkage kwiilugi ezixhomileyo. Umbandela wawuvakala ulungile, kodwa ungasandi ngokwaneleyo. I-spec ibize uhlolo lweradiographic, kwaye asiphumelelanga. Umba wawungeyiyo imichiza yengxubevange; yayikukuba umgama wethu wokutyisa wawunganelanga kwiimpawu ezithile zokuqiniswa kwe-718. Kuye kwafuneka sibuyele umva, songeze ezinye izinyusi, kwaye ngokwenene ukwanda imodyuli kumacandelo athile ukukhuthaza ukuqiniswa kwesalathiso ngokubhekiselele kubaxhasi. Yongeza iindleko kunye nexesha isicatshulwa sokuqala asizange sibanjwe.
Kuphinde kubekho iqokobhe ngokwalo. Izixokelelwano ezisemgangathweni ze-zirconia/silica binder zinokusebenza, kodwa kumacandelo anodonga olucekethekileyo okanye iinxalenye ezifuna ukugqityezelwa komphezulu okhethekileyo, sitshintshele kwiidyasi zobuso ezidityanisiweyo. Ukungahambelani kokwanda kwe-thermal akubi kakhulu, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokukrazuka okushushu njengoko i-718 enkulu yokuphola iphola kunye nezivumelwano ngokuchasene neqokobhe eliqinileyo. Yinkcukacha encinci, kodwa ukutsiba olo vavanyo kufana nokucinga ukuba yonke i-plaster iyafana ekwakheni indlu. Unokufumana isakhiwo, kodwa iintanda ziya kubalisa ibali.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi efunyenwe ngayo I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY). Bahleli kumdlalo amashumi eminyaka, kwaye indlela yabo yokwakha iqokobhe le-nickel alloys iyindlela. Ayikomjikelo wediphu kuphela; imalunga nemekobume elawulwayo yokomisa phakathi kwedyasi nganye ukunqanda iqokobhe lokulwa. Kwi-718, apho unyango lobushushu lwasemva kokuphosa lubalulekile ukukhawulezisa ezo zigaba zomeleza, iqokobhe eligqwethekileyo lingakhokelela kuxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kwinxalenye 'yokuphosa' ethi nonyango lwesisombululo lusokole ukululungisa ngokupheleleyo. Amaphepha enkqubo yawo ahlala egxininisa ulawulo lokufuma kwe-ambient-inkcukacha ehlala ingahoywa kodwa ibalulekile kuzinzo lwe-dimensional.
Ukugalela: Apho Ithiyori idibana neNyaniso etyhidiweyo
Ukunyibilika kunye nokugalela i-Inconel 718 phantsi kwe-vacuum yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulawula i-oxidation kunye nokulahleka kwezinto eziguqukayo. Kodwa 'uphantsi kwevacuum' ayiyomo yokubini. Inqanaba libalulekile. Ivacuum ephezulu kakhulu ngexesha lokunyibilika kunokukhokelela ekubeni ichromium ibe ngumphunga. Uphelela ngaphakathi kwe-nickel kunye ne-niobium, kodwa i-chromium yakho idiphu, ichaphazela ukuxhathisa i-oxidation. Siqhuba isitshixo esinobundlongo-ndlongo kancinci ngexesha lokunyibilika kokuqala, emva koko siyayinyusa ukuze icocwe. Ngumdaniso, hayi iswitshi.
Iqondo lobushushu lokugalela lelinye ikhwelo lokugweba elibalulekileyo. Idatha ithi i-liquidius imalunga ne-1330°C. Ukugalela kushushu kakhulu kukhokelela ekukhuleni okugqithisileyo kweenkozo kunye nokusabela okubukhali kweqokobhe, oko kuthoba umgangatho. Ukugalela okuphantsi kakhulu kumema ii-mistuns, ngakumbi kwiitshaneli zokupholisa ezintsonkothileyo. Indawo eswiti ikholisa ukuba ngqindilili kwi-20-30°C yefestile ngaphezulu kwe-liquid, kwaye ixhomekeke kwinxalenye yejometri. Ngomzimba wevalve yecandelo elishinyeneyo, unokuya phezulu ukuze uphucule ukumanzi. Kwisibiyeli esinodonga olucekethekileyo lwe-aerospace, uya ezantsi kangangoko unobuganga. Akukho mpendulo yendalo yonke, yiyo loo nto ukuphumelela kwenkqubo yokufaneleka kungaxoxiswana.
Enye inzame engaphumelelanga ibandakanya ukwakhiwa kwempompo. Ijometri yayinazo zombini iiflange ezishinyeneyo kunye neewebhu ezincinci zangaphakathi. Sigalela kwiqondo lobushushu elihambelanayo. Iiflange zazilungile, kodwa iiwebhu zabonisa ukuvala okubandayo. Ukulungiswa bekungekokulungisa nje ubushushu; kuye kwafuneka ukuba siyiyile ngokutsha isango lokungena ukuze sihambise isinyithi esishushu ngokuthe ngqo kuloo macandelo abhityileyo ngendlela elawulwayo, engenazidubedube. Yongeza intsonkothe kumthi wewax kodwa yagcina inxalenye yayo. Kulapho amava e-Foundry, njengexesha elide utyalo mali gxila kwivenkile efana ne-QSY, ibonisa ixabiso layo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba babone iinguqulelo ezilikhulu zale ngxaki.
Isiphumo: UNyango loBubushushu yinxalenye yeNkqubo yokuSasa
Ukucinga ngonyango lobushushu njengento eyahlukileyo, i-post-casting operation yimpazamo kunye ne-718. Isakhiwo se-as-cast sichaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba yintoni ukunyangwa kobushushu obunako kwaye ayikwazi ukufikelela. Unyango oluqhelekileyo sisisombululo esidibanisa malunga ne-980 ° C, silandelwa ngumjikelo wokuguga kabini. Kodwa ukuba unokwahlula okunzima kwe-dendritic kwisakhiwo sokuphonswa (esiqhelekileyo kwi-investment casting), ixesha lokunyanga isisombululo linokwanela ukuba i-homogenize i-alloy. Ufumana ubunzima obufanelekileyo emva kokuguga, kodwa ukuqina kwempembelelo kunokungahambelani.
Sakhe saba nebhetshi yamacandelo aphumelele zonke iimvavanyo zoomatshini kodwa asilela kwangaphambi kwexesha kwinkonzo yokungcangcazela okuphezulu. Uhlalutyo lwe-Metallurgical lwalatha kwiindawo ezihlala kwindawo ye-brittle Laves phase, i-niobium-rich eutectic eyenza ngexesha lokuqiniswa ukuba ukupholisa akulawulwa. Isisombululo anneal besingekayinyibilikisi ngokupheleleyo. Unobangela wengcambu walandelwa emva kwinqanaba lokupholisa lokuphoswa ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo emva kokugalelwa. Sasipholisa phantsi kwe-vacuum epheleleyo, into enkulu yokukhusela. Ukucotha ukupholisa ngokuzaliswa ngasemva nge-argon emva kokuba i-castings iqinisiwe yanceda ukunciphisa ubunzima bokwahlula, ukunika unyango olulandelayo lobushushu ithuba lokulwa. Yongeza inyathelo, kodwa yenza inkqubo yomelela.
Lo nxibelelwano kutheni iivenkile ezibonelela ngokudibeneyo CNC Machining kunye nonyango lobushushu, njengenxalenye yenkonzo yabo efana ne-QSY outlines, banenzuzo. Abanakukwazi ukuphatha ezi zigaba njengezisele. Umchwephesha kufuneka azi ukuba izinto ziya kuziphatha ngokungaguquguqukiyo kuyo yonke indawo, kwaye oko kuchazwa yimbali yokuphosa kunye nobushushu. Inyanzelisa umbono obanzi ngakumbi wekhonkco lemveliso.
Ubuchule: Umqobo wokugqibela
Wonke umntu uthetha ngokuphosa i-718, kodwa incoko ihlala ifihlakala ngokuyenza. Isixhobo esidala sidume ngokurhabula kwaye sisebenza nzima ngoko nangoko. Ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuphosa ishiya iqinile, i-brittle inclusions okanye isikali somphezulu we-alumina ukusuka kwi-shell yeqokobhe, uya kutshabalalisa izixhobo zokusika ngexesha lokudlula kokuqala. Umgangatho we-as-cast surface ubaluleke kakhulu. Isixokelelwano esilungileyo seqokobhe kunye nokugalelwa okulawulwayo kunciphisa esi sikali, kodwa olunye unyango lomphezulu wesibini olufana nokugqabhuka kwe-abrasive okanye ukungqusha okuthambileyo kweekhemikhali kunokufuneka phambi kokuba isixhobo sokuqala sichukumise indawo.
Ngapha koko, uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olusuka kwinkqubo yokuphosa lunokubaluleka. Ukuba ucinezela inxalenye egxininisiweyo kwi-fixture kwaye uthathe i-cut cut enzima, ukhulula olo xinzelelo, kwaye inxalenye iyashukuma. Ungabamba unyamezelo kutyando lokuqala, kodwa ngowesithathu, yonke into icinyiwe. Umjikelo ofanelekileyo wokuphelisa uxinzelelo phambi kokuba nawuphi na umatshini omkhulu uyimfuneko. Ngamanye amaxesha, kufanelekile ukwenza i-machining erhabaxa, emva koko enye isiqabu soxinzelelo, emva koko ugqibezele ukusebenza. Ivakala ingasebenzi kakuhle, kodwa inexabiso eliphantsi kunokutshiza ukuphosa okukufutshane ekugqityweni ngenxa yokuba iye yajika ngexesha lomsebenzi wokugqibela okruqulayo.
Apha kulapho imodeli yenkonzo epheleleyo ingqina ukubaluleka kwayo. Umthengisi ophethe i utyalo mali ukuya kumatshini wokugqibela, njengeenkonzo ezibonakaliswe kwiqonga le-QSY, liyakhuthazwa ukunyusa yonke inkqubo yokwenziwa kokwenziwa. Basenokucebisa ukongeza isibonelelo somatshini kumkhombandlela othile okanye ukuguqula kancinane iradiyasi yefillet engabalulekanga ukuphucula ukufikelela kwesixhobo. Ezi ziimbono ezisebenzayo, ezonga iindleko ezivela ekuphatheni lonke uhambo lomsebenzi, hayi nje ukugalela.
Ukuqukumbela: Yinkqubo, hayi inyathelo
Ke, 'Inconel 718 investment casting' ayisiyonkqubo enye oyiodolayo kwikhathalogu. Yinkqubo yezigqibo ezixhomekeke omnye komnye: ikhemikhali yeqokobhe, uyilo lokungena, iiprofayili zobushushu ngexesha lokugalela nokuphola, iiparamitha zonyango lobushushu, kunye neqhinga lomatshini. Ukulungiswa okuncinci kwindawo ethile kunokucinywa ngokungahambi kakuhle kwenye. Iivenkile ezihlala zizisa iinxalenye ezithembekileyo zizo eziyiqondayo le ecosystem. Abagcini nje ngokugalela isinyithi kwisibumba seceramic; balawula uhambo olulawulwayo lwe-thermal kunye ne-metallurgical ukusuka kwi-wax ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo. Iphepha ledatha likunika indawo ekuyiwa kuyo, kodwa amava omgangatho wevenkile abonisa eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokufika apho.
Xa uvavanya umthengisi, jonga ngaphaya koluhlu lwezixhobo zabo. Buza malunga neenkqubo zabo zeqokobhe ezikhethekileyo ze-nickel alloys ephezulu. Buza malunga nomjikelo wabo wonyango wobushushu oqhelekileyo we-as-cast 718 kunye nokuba bawufanelekela njani. Buza ukuba balulawula njani utshintsho ukusuka kumatshini ukuya kumatshini. Iimpendulo ziya kukuxelela ngakumbi malunga nobuchule babo kunayo nayiphi na incwadana eqaqambileyo. Umahluko phakathi kwe-functional casting kunye ne-high-integrity component ulele kwezi nkcukacha ziqokelelweyo, ezifunyenwe nzima.
