Xa usiva 'intlabathi egqunywe ngentlaka', abantu abaninzi ngokukhawuleza bafane bafane nelo qokobhe elikrobileyo, elinomgongxo leebloko zenjini okanye imizimba yevalvu. Lowo ngumfanekiso wencwadi. Kodwa evenkileni, kunqabile ukuba kucoceke. Inyani luthethathethwano olungagungqiyo phakathi kwesiqulatho sentlaka yentlaka, uyilo lwesango lokungena, kunye nokwandiswa kwe-thermal yesanti ngokwayo. Uninzi lwabantu abafikayo, nabathengi abathile, bacinga ukuba yinguqulelo yesanti eluhlaza. Loo mbono iphosakeleyo ikhokelela kumaxesha abuhlungu, nabizayo, okufunda.
Ukungaqondi kakuhle: ayisiyonto nje yokunxiba
Igama elithi 'coated' liphantse lalahlekisa. Lithetha umaleko wokwenziwa. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-phenolic okanye i-furan resin ayiloqokobhe nje; yiyo yonke i-matrix yolwakhiwo. Inkqubo yokunyanga-nokuba ishushu-ibhokisi, ibhokisi efudumeleyo, okanye ibhokisi ebandayo-ilawula yonke into ukusuka kwi-dimensional stability ukuya kwi-gas evolution ngexesha lokugalela. Ndikhe ndazibona iivenkile zitsiba ipesenti yeresin ukonga iindleko, kuphela ziphele zinomngundo owohlokayo ngexesha lokuphatha okanye, okubi ngakumbi, kubangele iziphene emithanjeni enkulu kumphezulu wokuphosa. Indawo emnandi ichanekile, kwaye itshintsha ngokusekelwe kwi-alloy. Umzekelo, kunye ne-nickel alloys ephezulu, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu malunga nokuthathwa kwesulfure kwiinkqubo ezithile ze-resin.
Apha kulapho amava exesha elide kwisiseko senkonzo epheleleyo imiba. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye namashumi amathathu eminyaka yabo ekutyhilweni nasekusebenzeni, kusenokwenzeka ukuba iye yatshisa kwintlaka eyaneleyo kunye nesanti ukuvelisa imixube yobuqu. Abathengi nje isanti eqatywe ngaphambili eshelufini; banokuthi balungise uqulunqo lwemisebenzi ethile. Xa usebenza ixesha elide, uqokelela ithala leencwadi lesizathu-kunye-nesiphumo: le ntlaka eneqhezu lesanti yempompo yentsimbi engenasiphene yendlu ivelisa lo mphezulu, kodwa kwisibiyeli sentsimbi esinodonga olubhityileyo, udinga i-catalyst eyahlukileyo kunye nexesha elikhawulezayo lokuhluma.
Isango lokungena kunye noyilo lokungena kwesanti yeresin lelinye irhamncwa ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yokuba umngundo womelele kwaye uphantse ube manzi xa uthelekiswa nesanti eluhlaza, iigesi eziphumayo zineendlela ezimbalwa. Awukwazi ukuxhomekeka kwi-porosity yokungunda. Ndiyifunde le ndlela enzima kwangethuba, ndiyila inkqubo yokungena kuthotho lweeflange zentsimbi yekhabhoni. Ijometri yayilula, ngoko ke ndasebenzisa inkqubo yokusebenza eqhelekileyo. Isiphumo asiyomingxuma evuthuzayo, kodwa ukugqobhoza okuzingisileyo, okulinganayo kumphezulu wokujula—i-gas micro-pinholing. Ulungiso lwalungekho ngaphaya kwee-vents, kodwa ukucinga kwakhona ngokupheleleyo malunga nendlela isinyithi esingene ngayo emngxunyeni ukukhuthaza ukuzaliswa okuzolileyo. Zizi ntsilelo ezifihlakeleyo ezahlula i-jobshop kwingcali.
Ukuhambelana kwezinto: Apho i-alloy iyalela inkqubo
Ukuthetha ngee-alloys, oku kukudibanisa okubalulekileyo. Ukugalela isanti eqatywe ngeresin ayisiyiyo isayizi enye-ilingana-zonke kwintsimbi nganye. Ibengezela iintsimbi, iintsimbi ezingenasici, kwaye ngakumbi ezo zintlu ezikhethekileyo ze-QSY, ezifana ne-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba i-mold ibonelela ngokuchaneka okugqwesileyo komgangatho kunye nokugqitywa komgangatho olungileyo wealloys ezihlala zisenziwa ngoomatshini kamva. Kodwa inkqubo ye-resin kufuneka ikhethwe ukuphepha ukuphendula kweekhemikhali. Ukugalela isinyithi esine-manganese ephezulu kwi-mold kunye ne-chemistry ye-resin engalunganga yokuchithwa kwe-resin kunokukhokelela ekutyebiseni kwekhabhoni engcolileyo kwisikhumba sokuphosa, ukuguqula i-millimeter yokuqala yesinyithi ibe yi-crust eqinile, engenakulinganiswa.
Kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo, ngakumbi intsimbi engwevu, libali elahlukileyo. Inkqubo isebenza, kodwa imeko yezoqoqosho kufuneka ilungile. Ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional ephezulu ngamanye amaxesha kugqwesa ukubunjwa kwentsimbi elula apho isanti eluhlaza inokwenza khona. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo zentsimbi ezintsonkothileyo, ezinamacandelwana amancinci afuna ukuchaneka, njengamanye amacandelo emoto, iyimfuneko. Undoqo asikunyanzeli inkqubo apho ingekhoyo. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yothotho lwezigqubuthelo zomngxuma-elula kakhulu ijometri. Umxhasi unyanzelise ukubumba iqokobhe 'lomgangatho'. Siyenzile, kodwa ixabiso leyunithi lalingekho ngqiqweni. Inzuzo 'yomgangatho' yayingabonakali. Inkqubo kufuneka ihambelane neemfuno zecandelo lokusebenza kunye nezoqoqosho.
Ubuchwephesha bemathiriyeli yinto onokuyilindela kusetyenziso oludityanisiweyo ngokuthe nkqo. Ukujonga umda we-QSY-ukusuka kwiqokobhe kunye notyalo-mali ukuya kumatshini we-CNC-ukusetyenziswa kwabo isanti enentlaka enentlaka kusenokwenzeka ukuba likhonkco elicwangcisiweyo kwelo khonkco. Abenzi nje ukubumba; benza i-pre-form yamaziko abo omatshini. Ukuphosa kufuneka kube nokuguquguquka okuncinci, ukucutheka okuqikelelweyo, kunye nomphezulu ongaguqukiyo wokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ze-CNC ezilandelayo zisebenza kakuhle kwaye azilahli. Inkqubo ye-Foundry iyilwe ngomatshini wokugqiba engqondweni. Eli linqanaba lokudityaniswa ufumana kuphela kumashumi eminyaka yokuphatha lonke uhambo lomsebenzi.
UMtyholi kwiiNkcukacha: Ubushushu, ixesha, kunye neNkunkuma
Imiba emibini yokusebenza engazange ibonakale kwincwadana: ulawulo lobushushu kunye nokubuyiselwa kwesanti. Inkqubo yokwaleka ivakalelwa kukufuma kunye nobushushu be-ambient. Kwivenkile engalawulwa yimozulu eselunxwemeni lwaseQingdao, umzekelo, ukufuma kwehlobo kunokudlala inkathazo ngamaxesha onyango kunye nokuhamba kwesanti. Ugqiba ukulungelelanisa iipesenti ze-catalyst imihla ngemihla, phantse ngokuziva. Bubugcisa obuxhaswa yinzululwazi.
Kuphinde kubekho nesanti esele isetyenzisiwe—'intlabathi exhasayo' okanye isanti etsha xa idibene neentsimbi ezishushu. Awunakusuka nje uyilahle. Ukulungiswa kwe-thermal okusebenzayo kubalulekile kuzo zombini iindleko kunye nokungaguquguquki. Isanti ebangwa ngokungekho sikweni inentlaka efileyo, i-char, kunye nezohlwayo ezitshabalalisa ukusebenza kwesanti entsha egqunyiweyo. Ukuba uxuba kwisanti eninzi ebuyisiweyo ngaphandle kokulungiswa kakuhle, amandla akho okungunda ayehla. Ndikhe ndandwendwela ii-Foundries ezinezixhobo zokugquma ezitsha ezonakaliswe ngumgca wokubuyisela i-subpar. Yonke inkqubo yomelele kuphela njengekhonkco layo elibuthathaka. Inkampani eqolileyo inexesha-kwaye mhlawumbi ikomkhulu-yokutyalomali kwinkqubo yesanti evaliweyo egcina ukuhambelana.
Enye ingcaciso yegritty kukunxitywa kwepateni. Ngenxa yokuba isanti igqabhuka kwaye iipateni zisetyenziswa kwindawo eshushu, ephilisayo, ishedyuli yogcino lwezixhobo inobundlongondlongo. Idrafti yepateni egugileyo okanye ipleyiti ejike kancinane ayichaphazeli nje ukungunda; kunokubangela ukusilela ekuhlubeni apho iqokobhe elinyangisiweyo likhala. Le asiyothiyori. Ikhokelela kwixesha lokuphumla, i-patchwork ye-manual kwi-molds, kunye nokuphosa i-scrap. Ivenkile yeepateni ibalulekile, ihlala iphantsi, inxalenye yomsebenzi oyimpumelelo wokungunda kweqokobhe.
Xa Isilela: Ukufunda Ukulingwa NjengeBali
Uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli kulapho ulwazi lwangempela luhlala khona. Isiphene sokuphosa yinkqubo yokubhala ingxelo. Ngesanti ye-resin, iziphene zinotyikityo oluthile. I-Veining, umzekelo, ezo zingqinisiso ezinje nge-fin kwindawo yokuphosa, zihlala zibuyela emva kwisanti yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokuqina kokungunda. Ikuxelela ukuba umxube wakho wesanti unokuba ucimile, okanye ukushisa kwangaphambili kwepateni akuhambelani. Ukutshiswa, umaleko orhabaxa, odityanisiweyo wesanti kwintsimbi, ukhomba kubushushu obugqithisileyo kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba yintlaka eyophuka ngamandla.
Esona siphene sifihlakeleyo sinokuba yigesi enxulumene ne porosity. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, ngenxa yokuba ukungunda akukho porous, irhasi kufuneka ukubaleka ngokusebenzisa imingxuma eyilelwe okanye inyanzeliswe kwisisombululo kwintsimbi. Ukuba ukuphuma kwakho akwanele okanye ubushushu bakho bokugalela buphezulu kakhulu, ufumana i-porosity. Kodwa nali iqhinga: ukwahlula phakathi kwerhasi ukusuka kubumba kunye negesi kwintsimbi ngokwayo (njenge-nitrogen pinholing). Indawo, imilo, kunye nomphezulu wangaphakathi we pore zizikhokelo. Irhasi yomngundo ikholisa ukuvela nje ngaphantsi kwendawo yokuphosa, ingqukuva, kwaye inomenyezelayo, ngaphakathi oxidized. Ukuyicombulula kunokuthetha ukulungelelanisa uhlobo lwe-resin, ukunciphisa i-catalyst, okanye ukongeza ama-vents angaphezulu-kungekhona ukudibanisa i-chemistry enyibilikayo. Esi buchule sokuxilonga sihlambulukile, siqokelelwe, sisebenza ngamava.
I-Snthesis: Kutheni iNzululwazi kunye neMbali ibalulekile
Ke, ukujikeleza umva, kuthetha ntoni oku konke kumntu okhangela umthombo othembekileyo ukugalelwa kwentlabathi enentlaka enentlaka? Kuthetha ukujonga ngaphaya koluhlu lwezixhobo. Kuthetha ukukhangela irekhodi ebonisa ubunzulu bokusombulula ingxaki. Ubomi obude benkampani, njengembali ye-QSY yeminyaka engama-30, ngummeleli wale nto. Oku kuthetha ukuba basindile kwiigophe zokufunda, ukunqongophala kwezinto, izilingo ezingaphumelelanga, kwaye bayisulungekisile inkqubo yabo ukuya kwinqanaba lokuthembeka. Bakhe babona ukuvela kwetekhnoloji ye-resin ukusuka ekuqaleni, kwiinkqubo ezinomsi onzima ukuya kwizibophelelo zanamhlanje eziqaphela ngakumbi indalo.
Ukunikezelwa kwabo kweenkqubo ezincedisayo-utyalo-mali lwemilo ye-ultra-complex, i-CNC machining yamacandelo agqityiweyo-kwathetha kakhulu. Ibonisa ukuba bayaqonda apho ukubumba iqokobhe kungena kwindawo ebanzi yokuvelisa. Ayisosixhobo kuphela, kodwa sisixhobo esikhethekileyo kwizicelo ezithile: iijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo kwi-alloys ezifunayo apho ukuchaneka ukusuka kwimeko yokuphosa kunciphisa iindleko zomatshini kunye nomngcipheko.
Ekugqibeleni, ukugatywa kwesanti eqatywe intlaka ephumeleleyo akukho malunga nefomula. Imalunga nokuziqhelanisa, phantse enembile, ulawulo lwekhulu leenguqu ezisebenzisanayo. Imalunga nokwazi ukuba imozulu ngomso inokutshintsha umxube wesanti yakho namhlanje, kwaye impumelelo ye-50,000 yeedola yecandelo lomatshini iqala ngokukhethwa kwengxowa ye-5 ye-resin. Olu luhlobo lobuchwephesha obusekelwe phantsi, obungenamtsalane obuvela ekuyenzeni imihla ngemihla, kumashumi eminyaka. Kwaye yiloo nto oyithengayo ngokwenene.
