Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'inxalenye yotyalo-mali', baba nomfanekiso wentsimbi engenasiphene, ekufutshane ne-net-shape, mhlawumbi into ekwi-aerospace okanye yezonyango. Leyo yiglosi yentengiso. Inyaniso, ukugaya imihla ngemihla, kuninzi kakhulu. Ayikokufikelela nje kwiijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo; luthethathethwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kwenjongo yoyilo, ukuziphatha okubonakalayo, kunye nobume benkqubo. Eyona ngcamango iphosakeleyo? Ukuba sisisombululo 'somlingo' sayo nayiphi na indawo entsonkothileyo. Ayiyo. Sisixhobo esikhethekileyo, kwaye ukusisebenzisa ngendlela engeyiyo yindlela ekhawulezayo yokuhlawula imali eninzi kunye nobuhlungu bentliziyo.
Undoqo weNkqubo: Apho iTheory idibana neWax kunye neCeramic
Yonke into iqala ngepateni, kwaye kulapho wenza khona okanye waphula umsebenzi. Asithethi nje nge-wax replica. Ukuqulunqwa kwe-wax ngokwayo kubaluleke kakhulu - izinga layo lokunciphisa, umxholo walo womlotha emva kokutshiswa. Ndibone iiprojekthi ziphazamisekile kuba umntu utshintshele kwibakala 'elifanayo' lewax ukonga iisenti ezimbalwa ngekhilogram. Isiphumo? Idimensional drift kunye nokuqhekeka kweqokobhe ngexesha le-dewaxing. Awuthengi nje iwax; uthenga ukuziphatha okuqikelelweyo.
Emva koko kuza isakhiwo seqokobhe. Oku akupeyinti udonga; lisiko. Ingubo ephambili ye-slurry, isicelo se-stucco, indawo yokomisa - umswakama kunye nokulawulwa kweqondo lokushisa apha akunakuxoxisana. Ukukhawuleza ngexesha lokumisa kukhokelela kumswakama ogciniweyo, ojika ube ngumphunga ngexesha lokuthulula, kubangela ... ukungathandeki. Imivumbo, ukhwekhwe, uyibiza ngamagama. Yinkqubo ecothayo, enemaleko yokwakha ukomelela. Umjikelo ngamnye wediphu wongeza ixesha kunye neendleko, yiyo loo nto ukufana kodonga kwinqanaba loyilo kubaluleke kakhulu. Icandelo elishinyeneyo ngesiquphe lithetha iidiphu ezininzi ukwakha ubungqingqwa obaneleyo beqokobhe apho, ukulahla umjikelo.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yempompo yempompo, iklasikhi Inxalenye yokuphosa utyalo-mali. Idizayini yomthengi inala mavane amahle, abhityileyo kodwa atyebileyo. Injineli yabasunguli kwivenkile yamahlakani – ndicinga ngeqela elikulo I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY) apha - iphawule kwangoko. Bakwenza oku amashumi amathathu eminyaka, ngoko babone konke. Ingcebiso yabo yayikukukhupha i-hub, ukudala udonga olufanayo. Yongeza kancinci kwiindleko zepateni kodwa igcine intywenka yemali ngexesha lokwakha iqokobhe kwaye yanciphisa umngcipheko wokushwabana kwe-porosity kwelo candelo linzima. Olo luhlobo lobunjineli olusebenzayo oluchaza impumelelo.
Izinto eziKhethayo: Akunjalo malunga nePhepha eliKhethekileyo
Wonke umntu ugxininise kwii-specs zemathiriyeli zokugqibela - amandla okuqina, ukuxhathisa ukubola. Kodwa indlela yokuphosa ye-alloy yinto ekugcina uphapheme ebusuku. Thatha i-316L yensimbi engenasici. Lihashe lomsebenzi. Kodwa ukuguquguquka kwayo kunye neempawu zokuncipha zahlukile, yithi, i-17-4 PH. Ukushisa okuthululwayo, ukuyila kwesango, ukubekwa kwe-feeder - zonke kufuneka zilungelelaniswe kwi-alloy ethile. Inkqubo yokungena esebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwintsimbi yekhabhoni inokulamba icandelo kwi-nickel-based superalloy eqina kuluhlu olwahlukileyo.
Kulapho imbali yezinto ezifunyenweyo iba luncedo kakhulu. Ivenkile efana ne-QSY, edwelisa i-cobalt kunye ne-nickel alloys kwi-wheelhouse yabo, iya kuba iphuhlise ubuchule bobunini bezi zixhobo zikhohlisayo. Baza kulazi iqondo lobushushu elichanekileyo le-preheat yamaqokobhe abo kwi-alloy ethile ukunqanda ukothuka kwe-thermal kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuzaliswa okucocekileyo. Olu ayilolwazi lweencwadi; kunzima-won, amava eziko-icala. Awunakuyenza loo nto.
Ndenze impazamo kwangethuba, ndicacisa i-high-performance duplex steel stainless yecandelo laselwandle. Iimpawu zazigqibelele ephepheni. Kodwa asikhange siphendule ngokupheleleyo ngendawo yayo ephezulu yokunyibilika kunye nepateni ethile yokuqina. Isiphumo yaba kukukrazuka okushushu okuzingileyo kufutshane neendawo zesango. I-Foundry (hayi i-QSY, le yayingaphambili kumsebenzi wam) kunzima nayo. Ekugqibeleni kuye kwafuneka sibuyele umva, siphumle ukunyamezelana okungabalulekanga, kwaye silungise isango, elongeze iiveki. Sifunda ntoni? Eyona nto iphezulu kakhulu ayinamsebenzi ukuba awukwazi ukuyiphosa ngokuvakalayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ilungelo Inxalenye yokuphosa utyalo-mali impahla yeyona ilungelelanisa ukusebenza kunye nokuphosa.
I-Machining Handshake: As-Cast ayiyo Finish Line
Esi sisiphambuka esibalulekileyo esiye sijike. Hayi Inxalenye yokuphosa utyalo-mali 'ilungele ukusetyenziswa' ngokwenyani ukusuka kwi-shakeout. Unamasango okususa, umphezulu wokugqiba, kwaye rhoqo, iimpawu ezichanekileyo kumatshini. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwenkqubo yokuphosa kunye nenkqubo yomatshini isondelene. Indlela ofaka ngayo isango kunye nokubeka inxalenye emthini ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo apho uya kuba nesona sibonelelo sininzi sempahla yokwenza.
Ukuphosa endaweni engafanelekanga kunokubeka umgangatho obalulekileyo wokutywina ekunene kumgca wokuqhawula okanye kwindawo yokungafezeki okunokwenzeka komphezulu, okushiya umtshini engenasitokhwe sokucoca. Ndihlala ndigxininisa kuphononongo oludibeneyo phakathi kwegcisa lokuphosa kunye nomdwelisi we-CNC ngaphambi kokuba ipateni yokuqala yenziwe. Kufuneka bathethe ulwimi olufanayo. Umntu ophosayo kufuneka azi ukuba yeyiphi imiphezulu 'eyizidatum' zoomatshini, kwaye unomatshini kufuneka aqonde umahluko onokubakho kumphezulu wokuphosa.
Le ndlela yokucinga idityanisiweyo yiyo loo nto iinkampani ezinikezela zombini ukuphosa kunye nomatshini, njenge-QSY ngesakhono sazo se-CNC esichaziweyo, zinenzuzo eyahlukileyo. Uyilo lwabo lwepateni lusekelwe kumatshini wabo wokulungisa ukusuka kusuku lokuqala. Banokushiya 'iiphedi' ezicwangcisiweyo ekufakweni njengeendawo zoomatshini, besazi kakuhle ukuba ziya kusetyenziswa njani kamva. Iphelisa ukukhombana ngeminwe phakathi kweevenkile ezahlukeneyo kunye neevenkile zoomatshini xa ukunyamezelana kuqokelelwa. Inxalenye iphathwa njengento eqhubekayo ukusuka kwi-wax ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo.
Abaqhubi beendleko: IiLevers ezifihlakeleyo
Abathengi bahlala befuna ukwazi ixabiso ngeqhekeza ngalinye. Kodwa ukuze uqonde oko, kufuneka uhlambulule iileyile. Umqhubi wexabiso elikhulu akasoloko eyintsimbi. Kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo, ezinomthamo ophantsi, kukusebenza - inkosi iyafa ukuvelisa iipateni zewax. Ukuba wenza iziqwenga ezingamashumi amahlanu kuphela, ezo ndleko zezixhobo zihlawulwe ngaphezulu kwendawo nganye zikhulu. Kulapho ubuchule bokuchwetheza obukhawulezayo benkosi, njengoshicilelo lwe-3D kwiresin okanye nakwintsimbi, inokutshintsha umdlalo weprototyping okanye imiqulu ephantsi kakhulu.
Okwesibini kukubalwa kwamalungu ngomthi ngamnye. Zingaphi iipateni onokuthi uzidibanise kwisprue esinye? Yipuzzle yejigsaw ye-3D, ukulinganisa ubunzima bobushushu bokuqina, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-wax, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iqokobhe linokuxhasa ubunzima. Ukwandisa ukuxinana kwemithi luhlobo lobugcisa olubetha ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso leyunithi. Isakhono sobunjineli se-Foundry sisoloko silinganiswa apha.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuhlola. Inxalenye yomtshini wengca kunye nenxalenye yeblade yeinjini yegesi zombini iindawo zokugalela imali, kodwa inkqubo yokuhlola ihluke kwihlabathi. Ukungena kwedayi, iX-reyi, iCT scanning, iCMM – nganye idibanisa iindleko kunye nexesha. Ukuchaza inqanaba elifanelekileyo lokuhlola, ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi wenxalenye kunye nomngcipheko, sisigqibo esibalulekileyo sorhwebo kunye nezobugcisa. Ukuhlola ngokugqithisileyo kunokubulala ukusebenza kweprojekthi; ukulichaza ngaphantsi libhombu yexesha letyala.
Ukusilela njengooTitshala: I-Porosity Puzzle
Ufunda ngakumbi kumdlalo ongaphumelelanga kunekhulu eligqibeleleyo. I-porosity yegesi yinto yakudala. Loo mingxuma emincinci, emenyezelayo engqukuva ngaphakathi kwemathiriyeli. Rhoqo, ityala elikhawulezileyo liya kwiqokobhe - akukho kungena ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, umtyholi uye phezulu. I-wax ngokwayo inokubamba umoya ukuba iiparamitha zenaliti ziphosakele. Okanye i-alloy ayizange ichithwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiziko. Okanye ukugalela kwakuphithizela kakhulu, kufunxa umoya kumlambo wesinyithi.
Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yeengalo ze-lever ezazine-porosity engaguqukiyo kwindawo ethile. Sihlolisise igobolondo, i-wax, uhlalutyo lwesinyithi. Yonke into yayiza kuchazwa. Kwaba kuphela xa sifota ukugalela ngekhamera enesantya esiphezulu esathi sayibona: umjelo wesinyithi wawubetha udonga lwembaleki ethe nkqo kwaye udala i-vortex eyafaka umoya, eyathi yathwalwa yangena emngxunyeni. Ukulungiswa kwaba yimbaleki elula, egobileyo ukugudisa ukuhamba. Yayingumba woyilo, ingeyiyo inkqubo. Ngaphandle kobo bungqina bubonakalayo, besiya kuba sileqa imisila yethu iiveki.
Nantso ke into yokuphosa utyalo-mali. Inkqubo ineziguquguquko ezininzi kangangokuba ukuzihlukanisa ngundoqo. Udinga indlela ecwangcisiweyo, ephantse ibe yi-forensic yokusombulula iingxaki. Ifuna umonde kunye nentsebenziswano kunye ne-Foundry ezimisele ukugrumba kunye nawe, hayi nje ukuthumela ibhetshi yokutshintsha kunye nethemba lokungcono. Injongo kukusombulula ingcambu unobangela, hayi nje isiziba phezu uphawu ukwenzela umyalelo olandelayo.
Ukujonga Phambili: Hayi nje ukuntsonkotha, kodwa ukuDityaniswa
Ikamva lotyalo-mali alikho malunga nokutyhala imida yeendonga ezibhityileyo okanye iipaseji zangaphakathi. Imalunga nokudityaniswa okukrelekrele kwasekuqaleni. Imalunga nabayili abayiqondayo imiqobo yenkqubo – ii-engile eziyidrafti azifuneki, kodwa iindonga ezifanayo kunye neziphambuka ezilawulwayo ziyafuneka. Imalunga nokulinganisa isoftware yokulinganisa hayi njengesixhobo sokuthengisa, kodwa njengeqabane lemihla ngemihla ukuqikelela ukuqina kunye nokwandisa i-gating ngaphambi kokuba nayiphi na intsimbi inyibilike.
Ikwamalunga nokuveliswa komxube. Siqala ukubona izicelo apho utyalo-mali lwenza icandelo eliphambili, kwaye ke iimpawu zongezwa ngokufakwa kwesinyithi ngokuthe ngqo okanye ukuwelda okuchanekileyo. Okanye apho ufakelo olupholiswe ngokusesikweni, olwenziwa ngokuvelisa okongeziweyo, luphoswa kwisixhobo. Imigca imfiliba.
Entliziyweni yayo, nangona kunjalo, ihlala iyinto yobugcisa. Imalunga nokuqonda ukuhamba kwe-wax, ukwakhiwa kwe-ceramic, ukuhamba kunye nomkhenkce wesinyithi. Xa ubambe eyenziwe kakuhle Inxalenye yokuphosa utyalo-mali – into efana neblayidi yeinjini yomoya okanye ukufakelwa kotyando – ubambe incopho yolo lwazi lunzulu, lubambekayo. Sisisombululo esizelwe sisiphithiphithi esilawulwayo, kwaye yiloo nto ebangela umdla kakhulu, kwaye kube ngumceli mngeni ongenasiphelo ukulungisa.
