Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'i-martensitic stainless steel', ngoko nangoko bacinga 'nzima'. Akunjalo, kodwa yindawo yokuqala yokungaqondani okuninzi ekuthengeni nasekusetyenzisweni. Ibali lokwenyani alikho malunga nokufikelela kwinombolo ephezulu ye-Rockwell C; imalunga nomdaniso ontsonkothileyo phakathi kwekhemistri, unyango lobushushu, kunye norhwebo olungenakuthintelwa. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi ziphazamisekile ngenxa yokuba umntu othile uchaze igeneric 410 okanye 420 'yokumelana nomhlwa kunye nokomelela' ngaphandle kokubamba ukuba yintoni na eneneni ebandakanya kwivenkile. Iintanda ezicimayo, i-dimensional warping post-harding, ukungabikho okumangalisayo kokuqina kwinto ekhangeleka njengenxalenye eyomeleleyo-ezi zizifundo zokwenyani. Le asiyomathiriyeli yeencwadi; yinto oyifundayo emva kokuchitha iibhetshi ezimbalwa.
Isazisi esingundoqo kunye neempembelelo zaso ezisebenzayo
Masiyihlube emva. Intsimbi ye-Martensitic ngokwesiseko yi-alloy ye-Fe-Cr-C elukhuni. Undoqo lutshintsho lwe-martensitic-ukucinywa ngokukhawuleza kweqondo lobushushu elibambekayo elibamba iiathom zekhabhoni, udala ukwakheka kwe-tetragonal egqwethekileyo, enomzimba ogqwethekileyo. Nantso ke intsusa yobulukhuni. Kodwa nantsi into yokuqala ebambekayo yokubambisa: kokukhona iphezulu ikhabhoni yokuqina (njengakwi-440C), kokukhona uye ubeka esichengeni ukuwelda kwaye, ngandlel’ ithile ngokuchaseneyo nentsimbi 'engenasici, ukuxhathisa ukudleka. I-Chromium kufuneka idibane nekhabhoni ukuze yenze i-carbides, eyikhupha kwisisombululo, inciphisa i-chromium yasimahla ekhoyo ukuze yenze lo maleko we-oxide we-passive. Ke, unokuba ne-58 HRC blade eqinileyo ebonisa amabala erusi.
Kumsebenzi wethu womatshini kwi Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), sihlala sidibana nobu bubini. Umxhasi uya kuthumela umzobo wecandelo levalvu okanye ishafu yempompo kwi-17-4PH (uhlobo lwe-martensitic olunemvula-lukhuni, kodwa masiyidibanise apha ukuze sixoxe ngayo). Bafuna iipropathi zemagneti, amandla esivuno, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ucelomngeni luqala kwinqanaba lempahla ekrwada. Uxinzelelo lwendalo lwebar stock olusuka kwinkqubo yalo yokwenziwa lunokwenza umonakalo ngexesha lethu elilandelayo CNC Machining. Sifunde ukusoloko sikhankanya isitokhwe esithotyiweyo soxinzelelo lwemilinganiselo ebalulekileyo, okanye uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lonyango oluphakathi ngokwethu. Lixabiso, kodwa lixabiso eliphantsi kunenxalenye ejikeleza nge-0.1mm emva konyango lokugqibela lobushushu.
Unyango lobushushu ngokwalo apho ubugcisa budibana nesayensi. Ayisiyo 'seti kwaye ulibale' inkqubo yesithando somlilo. Iqondo lobushushu le-austenitizing libalulekile-liphantsi kakhulu, kwaye awufumani sisombululo sipheleleyo; phezulu kakhulu, ubeka emngciphekweni ngokugqithisileyo igcinwe austenite okanye ukukhula okuziinkozo. Emva koko ukucima: i-oyile isemgangathweni, kodwa ukuphazamiseka kunye nobushushu be-oyile yokucima i-oyile yinto enkulu yokunciphisa ukugqwesa kunye nomngcipheko wokukrazula, ngakumbi kwii-castings eziyinkimbinkimbi zotyalo-mali ezinamacandelwana ahlukeneyo. Sakhe saba nebhetshi yeendonga ezicekethekileyo utyalo mali prototypes in 410 crack phantse ngokuvakalayo ngexesha lokucima. Sifunda ntoni? Kwiimilo ezintsonkothileyo, ngamanye amaxesha ibakala lemartensitic aliyiyo impendulo, okanye uyilo lufuna iradii kunye nobungqingqwa obufanayo esinokuxoxa ngaso kwisigaba seDFM (uYilo lweManufacture).
Machining kunye nokuQeda: The Shop Floor Reality
Umatshini uvaliwe intsimbi ye-martensitic lirhamncwa elahlukileyo kumatshini wokwenza ubulukhuni balo. Kwimeko edibeneyo (eqhele ukwenziwa malunga ne-85 HRB), yintsini. Ayiqhekezi iitshiphusi ngokucocekileyo njenge 303 austenitic; ithanda ukwenza iitshiphusi ezinde, ezinentambo ezinokudibanisa isixhobo kunye nokonakalisa umphezulu wokugqiba. Ijiyometri yesixhobo, iingubo (i-TiAlN isebenza kakuhle), kunye ne-high-pressure coolant ukuze iqhekeze kwaye ikhuphe i-chips ayinakuthetha. Siqhuba le misebenzi ngobunzima bethu, obungqongqo CNC Machining amaziko ukudambisa ukungcangcazela.
Unyango lobushushu bePost-machining ngongoma wokungabuyi. Nje ukuba uqinise, naluphi na umatshini ongakumbi unzima kakhulu, unqunyelwe ngokuyimfuneko ekusileni okanye kwi-EDM. Oku kulandelelana yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Saba namava okufunda abuhlungu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kunye necandelo legiya. Umxhasi wayefuna amazinyo esikwe emva kokuqina ukuqinisekisa ijometri egqibeleleyo. Kuye kwafuneka ukuba singene kwikontraka kwingcali enamavili okusila e-CBN, kwaye iindleko kunye nexesha eligqithisiweyo lalibalulekile. Ngoku, inkqubo yethu eqhelekileyo, kunye nento esiyicebisa ngayo abathengi kwiqonga lethu tsngtaocnc.com, kumatshini ukuya kwimilinganiselo yokugqibela kwimeko edibeneyo, echaza ukukhula okuqikelelwayo / ukucutheka ukusuka kumjikelo wokuqina kunye nobushushu. Oku kufuna ithala leencwadi elinzulu ledatha yembali malunga nendlela iijometri ezithile kumabanga athile ahamba ngayo, esiwakhe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ukuphosa kunye nomatshini.
Ukugqiba yenye i-nuance. A kungenziwanga intsimbi ye-martensitic inxalenye ayisoze ibe nokumelana nokubola kwenxalenye ye-316L. Inkqubo ye-passivation (ehlala i-nitric okanye i-citric acid) iyanceda, kodwa iphucula umaleko wendalo obuthathaka. Kwizicelo ezikwiindawo ezinobume obunoburharha, njengoomatshini abathile bokwenza ukutya okanye izixhobo zaselwandle, i-electropolish ekumgangatho ophezulu emva kokudlula ingenza umahluko obonakalayo. Igudisa iincopho ezincinci, inciphisa iisayithi zokuqalwa kwemingxuma. Linyathelo elongezelelweyo, kodwa livala umsantsa phakathi komlinganiselo wezinto eziphathekayo kunye neemfuno zesicelo.
Ukhetho Lwezinto eziphathekayo: Umele Uyisebenzise Nini, Uhamba Nini
Lo ngundoqo wokugweba kobungcali. Intsimbi ye-Martensitic ikhanya apho ufuna indibaniselwano yokumelana nomhlwa okuphakathi, ukomelela okuphezulu/ubulukhuni, kwaye rhoqo, ukunyanzeleka kwemagnethi. Cinga iincakuba zeinjini yomoya kwiindawo ezithile ezisingqongileyo zomphunga, izinto zokusika, iibhleyidi zeemela, izixhobo zotyando, imidyarho yokuthwala kwizinto ezingatshoniyo, kunye neziqhoboshi ezifana neebholiti zokuqina okuphezulu. Ukwahluka kokuqina kwemvula okufana ne-17-4PH kuyamangalisa kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo, ezomelele eziphezulu ze-aerospace ekufuneka zibambe unyamezelo oluqinileyo emva konyango lokwaluphala oluphantsi.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uyiphephe ngenkuthalo ulwakhiwo oludityanisiweyo ngokupheleleyo (ngaphandle kweprothokholi yonyango lwangaphambi/kwasemva kobushushu), kwizicelo ezikwiindawo ezityebileyo ngechloride (njengamanzi olwandle ngaphandle kokhuseleko), okanye apho ukuqina kwempembelelo kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kubalulekile. Isakhiwo esigxile kumzimba we-martensite sinobushushu benguqu ye-ductile-to-brittle; inokuba brittle ngokuyingozi kwinkonzo ebandayo. Ndikhumbula uhlalutyo olungaphumeleliyo kwintonga yepiston yehydraulic eyaphukileyo esetyenziswa kumatshini wamahlathi angaphandle ebusika; Isixhobo se-420 sadibana nobulukhuni be-spec kodwa saphuka ngenxa yempembelelo. I-Austenitic stainless okanye intsimbi ephantsi yobushushu iya kuba ichanekile.
Ukusebenza kunye ialloys ezikhethekileyo njenge-cobalt-based okanye i-nickel-based alloys ngamanye amaxesha inikeza isisombululo esihle ngakumbi, nangona ixabiso eliphezulu. Umzekelo, kwisishukumisi sempompo esiludaka esirhabaxa kakhulu kwaye sidleke ngokuphakathi, i-martensitic eqinile engenastainless efana ne-440C inokuqwalaselwa, kodwa i-Stellite (cobalt alloy) weld-overlay okanye into eqinileyo. utyalo mali kwi-nickel alloy efana ne-Alloy 255 inokubonelela ngeendleko eziphezulu zomjikelo wobomi nangona ixabiso eliphezulu. Kwi-QSY, sihlala sinezi ngxoxo, sikhokela abathengi ngale matrix yokusebenza, ukwenziwa, kunye neendleko zizonke.
I-Case in Point: ISaga yeCandelo leValve
Umzekelo obambekayo kwivenkile yethu. Umxhasi udinga isikhondo sevalvu yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. I-Special ibize ukuxhathisa okulungileyo komhlwa kwikhemikhali epholileyo, ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu kwindawo yokutywina, kwaye kungabikho deformation isisigxina phantsi kwe-900 MPa yoxinzelelo lokuqina. Baqale bacebisa i-316L yokumelana nokubola. Satyhala ngasemva. I-316L ayikwazanga ukuqina ngokwaneleyo kwimfuno yokunxiba. Sicebise i-440C yendawo yokunxiba kodwa sajongana nomsantsa wokuxhathisa umhlwa.
Isisombululo yaba yindlela exubeneyo. Umzimba oyintloko we-stem wenziwa ngoomatshini ukusuka kwi-17-4PH kwi-Condition A (i-annealed), emva koko ikhulile ukuya kwi-H900 emva komatshini, inika amandla angundoqo. Ummandla womhlaba wokutywinwa obalulekileyo emva koko waqiniswa kwindawo kusetyenziswa inkqubo yelaser ukudala indawo eqinileyo yemartensitic ngaphandle kokuchaphazela iipropati zomhlwa ezininzi. Yayiyinkqubo engekho mgangathweni eyayifuna intsebenziswano esondeleyo phakathi kwethu umatshini iqela kunye neqabane lonyango lobushushu. Inxalenye yaphumelela, kodwa i-takeaway yayimsulwa intsimbi ye-martensitic yayingeyiyo impendulo eyedwa; yayiyinxalenye yesicwangciso senkqubo yezinto.
Olu hlobo lokusombulula ingxaki kulapho amaphepha edatha yemathiriyeli yegeneric esilela khona. Bakunika amandla esivuno kunye namazinga okubola kwi-asidi yebhubhoratri, kodwa abaxeleli ukuba izinto eziphathekayo ziziphatha njani xa uzama ukubamba ukunyamezela kwe-0.02mm kwi-flange encinci eya kubona i-800 ° C yokucima. Olo lwazi luvela ekwenzeni, ukusilela ngamaxesha athile, kunye nokuphindaphinda. Yiyo loo nto iinkampani ezinembali ezinde kwi ukuphosa kunye nomatshini, njengeyethu kwiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu, qokelela uhlobo lolwazi oluchuliweyo oluxabiseke njengoomatshini abaphantsi.
Iingcamango Zokuqukumbela: Yihloniphe iNkqubo
Ke, lithini igama lokugqibela intsimbi ye-martensitic? Lusapho olunamandla, oluguquguqukayo lwezixhobo, kodwa lufuna intlonipho. Asiyondawo 'yokulahla' intsimbi yekhabhoni xa ufuna ukuxhathisa umhlwa ngakumbi. Indlela yokuziphatha kwayo ibotshelelwe ngokusisiseko kwimbali yayo yobushushu. Ukuyichaza ngempumelelo kufuna ukucinga ngokugqibeleleyo malunga nalo lonke ikhonkco lokuvelisa-ukusuka kwimeko yokusila yesitokhwe okanye uyilo lwe iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa, ngayo yonke i-op machining, ngqo kwiziko lokuphatha ubushushu kwaye ungene kwibhentshi yokuhlola yokugqibela.
Eyona mpazamo inkulu kukuyiphatha njengempahla yorhwebo. Yimathiriyeli yokusebenza ephezulu efuna inkqubo ejolise ekusebenzeni. Xa uyifumene kakuhle, iziphumo ziba zizodwa: amacandelo aqinileyo, ahlala ixesha elide, kwaye alungele injongo. Xa ungalunganga, ukusilela kuyabiza kwaye kuyafundisa. Injongo kukukhulisa eyokuqala kunye nokunciphisa eyokugqibela, ethi ekugqibeleni, ingundoqo yobunjineli obusebenzayo ngayo nayiphi na imathiriyeli, ngakumbi leyo ifunwayo kwaye inomvuzo njenge-martensitic stainless.
