Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'i-wax casting foundry elahlekileyo', baba nomfanekiso wenkqubo esulungekileyo, ephantse ibe ngumlingo apho iindawo zentsimbi ezigqibeleleyo ziphuma kumaqokobhe eceramic. Inyani, ngakumbi kwindawo exubeneyo ephezulu, enexabiso eliphantsi levenkile yemisebenzi, imbi kakhulu kwaye inezinto ezininzi. Akukhona nje ukunyibilikisa isinyithi kwaye uyigalele; luthethathethwano oluthe gqolo phakathi kwenjongo yoyilo, ukuziphatha kwezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nefiziksi enenkani yesinyithi esipholileyo. Uninzi lwabathengi beza belindele imimangaliso kwi ukulahlwa kwewax elahlekileyo inkqubo ngokwayo, ingaqapheli ukuba isakhono sokwenyani se-Foundry silele ekulindeleni nasekulawuleni ukugqwetheka, ukulawula iinkqubo zokungena ukuze kuncitshiswe inkunkuma, kunye nokwazi kakuhle ukuba i-17-4PH i-stainless iya kuncipha njani xa iphikisana ne-316L. Kulapho amashumi eminyaka ufumana izandla zakho zibe mdaka.
I-Core Illusion: Ukuchaneka kunye nokunganeliseki kwayo
Igama elithi 'investment casting' lithengisa iphupha lokugqibelela kobume obunetha. Kwaye ewe, kwiindawo ezininzi, kukusondeza kunokuphosa isanti okanye ukwenza. Kodwa 'umnatha-imilo' yi-spectrum. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yecandelo le-injini yomoya, umsebenzi we-nickel-based alloy. Umzobo wawufuna unyamezelo olujongeka kakuhle ephepheni. Ipateni ye-wax yayigqibelele. Iqokobhe lalikhangeleka likhulu. Kodwa xa isinyithi singena, i-geometry yangaphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi yenza ubunzima obungalinganiyo bokushisa. Elinye icandelo lipholile ngokukhawuleza, litsala uxinzelelo eludongeni oluncinci. Isiphumo? Ukugqwethwa malunga ne-0.5mm kwidatha ebalulekileyo - ngokwaneleyo ukukrazula ibhetshi. Isifundo yayingeyiyo loo nto isiseko sokugalela ngewax esilahlekileyo ayiphumelelanga; yayikukuba inkqubo yayithethile. Kwafuneka sibuyele umva, silungise ipateni yewax ngembuyekezo 'yokuphazamiseka', uhlobo lwe-pre-emptive warping esekelwe kumava, ukufumana inxalenye yokugqibela yesinyithi ngaphakathi kwe-spec. Lo ngumsebenzi ongathandekiyo: i-forensic metallurgy kunye nokulungiswa kwejometri.
Kulapho ubomi obude be-Foundry bubalulekile. Ivenkile efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye nembali yayo yeminyaka engama-30, ibone ezi ndlela zokusilela kumakhulu eengxubevange kunye neemilo. Loo nkumbulo yeziko ayinakubuyiselwa. Ayikho kwincwadi yemigaqo; ikwimvakalelo edibeneyo yamathumbu yabenzi bepateni kunye nabaqhubi beziko. Baphuhlisa ingqiqo yokuba umde, obhityileyo wokujula kwintsimbi yekhabhoni udinga iqondo lobushushu lokugalela elahlukileyo kunye noyilo lwesikhuphukeli kunesikweta, esisichunkco sentsimbi yentsimbi. Awukwazi ukuyilinganisa yonke.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo yenye indawo yemigodi. Abaxhamli basoloko bengasisebenzisi 'intsimbi engatyiwanga' ukuze kuxhathiswe umhlwa. Kodwa yeyiphi? I-304 kulula ukuyiphosa kodwa inokubandezeleka ngenxa yemvula ye-carbide kwiindawo ezichatshazelwe bubushushu ukuba i-welding iyafuneka kamva. I-316 inoxhathiso olungcono kodwa ilukhuni kancinci ukondla ngexesha lokuqina, ithanda ukushwabana kancinci. Kwiindawo ezigqithiseleyo, sityhala kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo - i-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based based. Ukuziphatha kwabo kwi utyalo mali inkqubo lirhamncwa eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Zi-viscous, zineefestile zobushushu ezichanekileyo, kwaye zifuna imathiriyeli ecocekileyo yeqokobhe ukunqanda ukosuleleka. Ichaphaza lokungahlambuluki linokuba yindawo yokuqala yokuqhekeka phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Ukukhankanywa kwe-QSY malunga nokugqwesa kwezi ngxubevange akuyonto nje yembumbulu; Oku kuthetha ukuba batyale imali kumoya olawulwayo wokunyibilika kunye nobuchwepheshe beqokobhe obufunekayo ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nabo, nto leyo ethintelwa ngabasunguli abaninzi.
Igorha elingadumanga: Ukuxhawulana ngesandla ngoMachining
Akukho serious isiseko sokugalela ngewax esilahlekileyo isebenza kwindawo engenanto. Inxalenye ephosiweyo phantse isoloko iyinxalenye esele yenziwe ngoomatshini. Olu luphawu olubalulekileyo. Ndibone iicastings ezintle zonakaliswe yivenkile yomatshini eziphatha njengebhilethi yempahla yesitokhwe. Baza kuthatha i-heavy cut, bengaqondi ukuba ulusu lwe-investment casting lunokuba nobunzima obahlukileyo kancinci okanye ukuhamba kweenkozo zangaphakathi akufani. Isiphumo? Incoko yesixhobo, ukufakwa okwaphukileyo, okanye okubi ngakumbi, kubangela uxinzelelo olubonakala njengokuqhekeka kweeveki kamva.
Ukuseta okufanelekileyo, kunye nenye ebonakala ngathi yimodeli kwi-QSY inikwe ukuphosa okudityanisiweyo kunye CNC Machining iinkonzo, lumanyano oluluqilima. Iqela lomatshini kufuneka lazi ukuba le nxalenye yabanjwa njani kwaye yanyuswa njani. Kufuneka bazi apho kunokwenzeka ukuba i-porosity ye-shrinkage ingaba khona (idla ngokuba kwindawo ye-thermal, kufuphi nendawo yokugqibela yokuqinisa). Oku kubavumela ukuba bacwangcise iindlela zabo zokulungisa kunye neendlela zesixhobo ukunqanda ezi zowuni zokugqiba okubalulekileyo okanye ukuzisusa ngokupheleleyo kwipasi yokuqala erhabaxa. Xa ukuphosa kunye nomatshini kuphantsi kophahla olunye, i-loop yempendulo ikhawuleza. Ingcali yoomatshini inokubuyela kumgangatho wesiseko kwaye ithi, Sifumana isixhobo esingaqhelekanga sokunxiba kule flange, kwaye injineli ye-Foundry inokukhangela ukuba kukho umba wobulukhuni bendawo ekupholiseni ngokukhawuleza.
Le synergy ibalulekile kwixabiso. Ijika isiseko esisakhasayo esisuka kumboneleli wemveliso sibe ngumboneleli wezisombululo. Kumthengi, kuthetha inqaku elinye lokuphendula. I-Foundry ayinakugxeka i-machinist ngesiphene esingaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye i-machinist ayinakugxeka i-Foundry ngenxa yokusebenza kakubi. Kufuneka bayisombulule kunye. Inyanzelisa umbono opheleleyo wecandelo ukusuka kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo.
I-Shell Mold: Ihashe elizolileyo
Abantu bathanda kakhulu i-wax kunye nesinyithi, kodwa iqokobhe liyinto engathethiyo yomgangatho. Inkqubo 'yokwenziwa kweqokobhe lokungunda' i-QSY idwelisa ecaleni kotyalo-mali iyaxela. Ngelixa kuyinyaniso ukulahlwa kwewax elahlekileyo isebenzisa i-ceramic slurry kunye ne-stucco eyakhiwe malunga nepateni ye-wax, ukubumba iqokobhe ngokuqhelekileyo kusebenzisa ukubunjwa kwentlabathi esenziwe kwangaphambili kwintlabathi yeemilo ezilula. Kodwa imigaqo yokuthembeka kweqokobhe iyinto yonke. Ukungaphumeleli kweqokobhe kuyintlekele - ukuphuma kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kuyingozi kwaye kuyabiza.
Usathana usekomiseni nasekudubuleni. Ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye iqokobhe liphuhlisa iintanda ezincinci. Ukucotha kakhulu, kwaye imveliso iyancipha. Umothuko we-thermal xa i-1500 ° C yentsimbi ibetha iqokobhe lobushushu begumbi inkulu kakhulu. Iqokobhe kufuneka libe nokungena okwaneleyo ukuvumela umoya kunye neegesi ukuba ziphume, kodwa zingabi nankumbi kangangokuba intsimbi ingene, ibangele 'intsimbi yokudanyaza' erhabaxa. Ukufumana le bhalansi ngokufanelekileyo kwipaneli enkulu, esicaba yahlukile kunomzimba oshinyeneyo, obhityileyo. Yiresiphi elungelelaniswe ngokuziva kunye namava, rhoqo ngumsebenzi we-kiln ephezulu ogweba isandi esisenziwa liqokobhe xa sicofa.
Kwiindinyana zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi, i-core (eyenza i-geometry yangaphakathi) yenye intloko. Kufuneka yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze imelane nokuhamba kwesinyithi kodwa igobe ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela ukushwabana kwesinyithi ngaphandle kokubangela iinyembezi ezishushu. Ukusebenzisa i-core material engafanelekanga kwi-casting steel stainless kungakhokelela 'kwi-core shift' ngexesha lokugalela, ukungahambi kakuhle ezo ndawo zangaphakathi kunye nokukrazula inxalenye. Uluhlu lwezakhono ze-Foundry luhlala luguqa ngaphezulu koku, kodwa yeyona nto iphambili yolwahlulo lobugcisa.
Xa izinto zingahambi kakuhle: isiko lokulungisa ingxaki
Uhlalutyo lokusilela luvavanyo lokwenyani lwe-Foundry's mettle. Masithi ufumana ibhetshi ene-porosity esasazekileyo. Ukusabela kwangoko kukunyusa ubushushu bokugalela. Ngamanye amaxesha oko kuyasebenza. Ngamanye amaxesha, iyenza ibe mandundu ngokunyusa ukunyibilika kwerhasi kwintsimbi, ethi emva koko ikhuphe njengamaqamza njengoko iphola. Oyena nobangela isenokuba kukufuma kwiqokobhe ukusuka kwimini efumileyo ebingabhakwanga ngokupheleleyo, okanye utshintsho oluncinci kwiqondo lobushushu lokutofa umthwebeba olutshintshe umphezulu wepatheni, ukuvalela umoya.
Ndikhumbula imeko eyayinothotho lweentsimbi ezijiyileyo apho sasihlala sifumana izivalo ezibandayo (umthungo obonakalayo apho imijelo emibini yentsimbi yayidibana khona kodwa ingadibani). Sayilungisa i-gating, isantya sokugalela, ubushushu bentsimbi. Akukho nto. Okokugqibela, umntu wacinga ukujonga iqokobhe lobushushu bangaphambi kokugalela. Yehle nge-50°C. Iqokobhe lalisebenza njengendawo yokucima ubushushu, ligodolisa umphambili wentsimbi ngokukhawuleza. Ukulungisa oko kwayilungisa. Ingongoma kukuba, inkqubo ineenguqu ezininzi. Umntu onobuchule isiseko sokugalela ngewax esilahlekileyo inendlela ecwangcisiweyo, phantse yoxilongo ekuxazululeni ingxaki, ezalwe ngokubona olu kusilela ngaphambili.
Yiloo nto intsebenziswano yexesha elide kunye ne-Foundry ibalulekile. Umyalelo wokuqala unokuba ne-hiccups njengoko omabini amacala efunda. Kodwa ngokomyalelo wesihlanu, i-Foundry ine 'iresiphi' yecandelo lakho elithile - iseti yeeparamitha abayaziyo ukuba ivelisa impumelelo. Olo lwazi luyimveliso yokwenene, kungekhona nje ukumila kwesinyithi.
Ikamva Asiyonto izenzekelayo
Kukho intetho eninzi malunga neepateni eziprintiweyo ze-3D kunye nokwakhiwa kweqokobhe elizenzekelayo. Kwaye zinkulu prototyping kunye geometries ezithile. Kodwa kwiimveliso ezininzi eziqhutywayo, ngakumbi ngamacandelo amisiweyo, iindlela zemveli zisaqinile kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi. Umshicileli we-wax we-wax osetyenziswa ngumsebenzi onobuchule onokuva ukutsalwa kancinci kwipiston kwaye ulungelelanise uxinzelelo ngokufanelekileyo kunzima ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo. Iliso lomntu libamba ukungafani okuncinci kwindibano engundoqo lisesisixhobo esinamandla se-QC.
I-evolution endiyibonayo kwiziseko ezinobuchule ezifana ne-QSY kukudityaniswa kwezi zakhono zemveli kunye nezixhobo zedijithali. Ukusebenzisa isoftware yokulinganisa ukuqinisa hayi ukuthatha indawo yamava, kodwa ukuyiqinisekisa. Ukusebenzisa idatha yeCMM evela kwi CNC Machining inqanaba lokuzondla emva kwi-algorithms yokulungiswa kwepateni. Umgangatho osisiseko namhlanje ngumxube: iibhutsi ezinothuli kunye nezikrini zokuchukumisa.
Ekugqibeleni, ixabiso le-a isiseko sokugalela ngewax esilahlekileyo ilele ekugwebeni kwayo. Kukukwazi ixesha lokulandela i-spec sheet ngokungqongqo kunye nexesha lokufowunela injineli kwaye ucebise utshintsho oluncinci lwe-fillet radius oluya kusindisa iiveki zentloko. Imalunga nokulawula ukungaqiniseki okungokwemvelo kokuguqula isinyithi esilulwelo sibe yinto echanekileyo, ethembekileyo. Kumsebenzi wobugcisa, oguqulwe njengeshishini.
