Xa abantu bethetha ngokuphoswa kwewax elahlekileyo, badla ngokutsibela ngqo kwintsimbi—intsimbi yokugqibela, intsimbi egqityiweyo okanye inxalenye yealloyi. Kodwa ibali lokwenyani, elona limisela ukuba ufumana ukuphosa okusebenzisekayo okanye imfumba yenkunkuma enexabiso elikhulu, liqala kwangethuba. Iqala ngewax. Ngokukodwa, ngokuyikrola. Oku akukho malunga nokukrola ngobugcisa; bubunjineli ngendlela ethambileyo. Ukungaqondi kakuhle okuqhelekileyo kukuba nayiphi na imodeli ye-wax iya kwenza, ukuba inkqubo iya kulungisa iimpazamo ezincinci. Ngumkhondo okhawulezayo wokungaphumeleli. Ipatheni ye-wax ilungile ngokupheleleyo; sonke isiphene, yonke i-undercut, yonke into engahambelaniyo yodonga iveliswa ngokuthembekileyo kwiqokobhe leceramic emva koko kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi zisilela ngenxa yokuba umntu waphatha inqanaba le-wax njengoyilo olubi. Luyilo.
I-Material Ayiyo-Wax Nje
Awunakuvele ubambe ikhandlela. Ukuphosa utyalo-mali, sisebenzisa umxube othile, amaxesha amaninzi umxube we-wax yendalo kunye ne-synthetic, i-resin, kunye nezihluzi. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kugqiba yonke into: indlela ekrola ngayo, indlela egcina ngayo iinkcukacha, indawo yayo yokunyibilika, kwaye ngokubalulekileyo, intsalela yothuthu emva kokudinwa. Iwax eqine kakhulu iba rhabaxa, ibe sengozini yokuqhekeka njengoko ukrola okanye xa iphola kwisitofu. Ithambile kakhulu, kwaye ilahlekelwa yingcaciso, ikhubazeke phantsi kobunzima bayo, okanye yonakaliswe yiminwe. Ababoneleli abafana noFreeman okanye uM. Argueso banefomula yabo yobunikazi, kwaye ukufumana echanekileyo sisiqingatha sedabi. Siye sazinza kwi-wax ephakathi-nzima eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yomzekelo wemisebenzi emininzi yepateni yezandla-inezinyo elilungileyo lokukrola kwaye ayifaki gum up izixhobo ngokulula.
Ukulawula ubushushu ngumdaniso oqhubekayo. Gqiba kwigumbi elibandayo, kwaye i-wax iyaphuka. Kwivenkile eshushu, iba tacky. Ndigcina umpu wobushushu usezantsi kufutshane ukuba ndinganyibiliki iqhekeza, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ndifudumeza izixhobo zam okanye ndithobe ngobunono indawo ethile ukuze ndisike nzulu. Yinkqubo ebambekayo. Ufunda ukufunda i-wax ngesandi se-blade kunye ne-curl yokucheba. I-curl ecocekileyo, eqhubekayo ithetha ukuba ubushushu kunye nokubukhali kwesixhobo kulungile. Uthuli oluyimpuphu luthetha ukuba kubanda kakhulu; idlakadlaka, ukukrazuka kwesika kuthetha ukuba isixhobo sibuthuntu okanye umthwebeba ushushu kakhulu.
Apha kulapho amava avela kwintsebenzo ekudala ikho. Kwindawo efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye neminyaka yabo engama-30 yokuphosa, bayaqonda ukuba isayensi yezinto eziphathekayo iyanabela kwivenkile yepateni. Umthwebeba okhethelwe umzimba wevalve yentsimbi engatyiwayo uya kwahluka kulowo we blade entsonkothileyo ye-cobalt-based alloy turbine blade. I-coefficients yokwandisa i-thermal kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ipateni ye-wax iyancipha ngendlela eqikelelwayo, ethi kamva ihlawulelwe kwi-design mold. Ikhonkco lokuchaneka, kwaye ikhonkco lokuqala yikhemistri ye-wax.
Izixhobo zoRhwebo: Ngaphaya kwemela
Wonke umntu unemifanekiso yescalpel okanye iseti yezixhobo zamazinyo. Ezo zibalulekile, ewe. Kodwa awona mahashe okwenyani ahlala elungiswa. Ndiguqule i-spatulas ezingenakubalwa kunye nezixhobo ze-loop, ndizigobe kwii-engile ezithile ukufikelela kwiindawo ezingalunganga zemodeli enkulu. Ukunciphisa umthamo omkhulu, i-hot cutter iyimfuneko, kodwa ukuyilawula bubugcisa-kushushu kakhulu kwaye kunyibilikisa ijelo elibanzi, lipholile kakhulu kwaye liyatsala. Uyifuna ishushu ngokwaneleyo ukuba utyibilike ngokuxhathisa okuncinci.
Kuphinde kubekho isibane sotywala esithobekileyo. Hayi ukukhanyisa, kodwa ukugqiba. Ukudlula ngokukhawuleza, ubuchule belangatye phezu kwendawo eqingqiweyo-ukuyincamisa-inyibilikisa iimpawu zesixhobo esincinci kwaye zenze ulusu olungenasiphako. Eli nyathelo libalulekile ekufezekiseni umphezulu owenziweyo njengoko uchaziwe kumzobo. Kodwa yibambe iqhezu lesekondi elide kakhulu, kwaye ulahlekelwa yimiphetho ebukhali kunye neenkcukacha ezintle. Ndonakalise ngaphezu kwepateni enye ngokungabi namonde ngedangatye. Sisikhumbuzo sokuba le yinkqubo yokuthabatha; awukwazi ukongeza izinto emva.
Kwiijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo, ngakumbi xa sifuna iipateni ezininzi ezifanayo zewaksi, sifudukela ekubumbeni inaliti. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, inkosi yokuqala-leyo eyenza i-aluminium tooling die-iqingqe ngesandla. Loo nkosi ifanele igqibelele. Nayiphi na isinki, nakuphi na ukujongwa kwe-engile eyidrafti, kuyaphindwa. Ndikhumbula umsebenzi we-impeller yempompo apho imodeli ye-CAD yomxhasi yayinomfanekiso omhle, we-aerodynamic blade. Ukukrola oko kwi-wax ukubamba iigophe ezifihlakeleyo zenkosi yokubumba yayingumsebenzi weveki yonke kuhlengahlengiso oluncinci kunye nokuqinisekiswa rhoqo ngeegeji zeprofayili. Umngundo we-aluminium owenziwe ngomatshini we-CNC ophuma kuloo nkosi ye-wax yinto abayisebenzisayo ngoku ukuvelisa ipateni ye-wax ephezulu.
Umtyholi kuYilo (kunye noDonga olutyebileyo)
Lo ngowona mgaqo ungaxoxisiyo ekwenzeni ipateni yokuphosa: ii-engile zedrafti. Wonke umphezulu othe nkqo kufuneka ube netaper encinci ukuvumela ipateni ukuba irhoxiswe kumngundo, okanye kwimeko yethu, ukuze iqokobhe leceramic likhuphe ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwewaxing. Akukho uyilo luthetha ukwaphuka kweqokobhe. Kubonakala ngathi kulula, kodwa kwiindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye neembambo kunye neewebhu, ukugcina idrafti ehambelanayo, encinci (ngokuqhelekileyo incinci njenge-1-2 degrees) ngelixa ukudweba ngeso kunye nesandla kubalwa kwengqondo rhoqo. Uhlala ubambe indawo kwi-engile, ujonga imigca yokubona.
Ubunzima bodonga ukufana ngomnye umbulali othuleyo. Icandelo elityebileyo ngequbuliso kwi-wax liya kuba yindawo eshushu ekugaleleni, okukhokelela ekuncipheni kwe-porosity njengoko iqina ekugqibeleni. Xa ukrola ipateni yewax, yithi, indlu, uhlala ulinganisa ngeekhalipha, uqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho luhamba kancinci. Injongo kukukhokela ukuqina ukusuka kumacandelo amancinci ukuya kwelona linzima, elihlala lifuna ukongeza i-wax feeders okanye izinyusi kamva, kodwa ipateni yesiseko kufuneka ivakale. Ndifunde oku ngendlela enzima kwiprojekthi yokuqala yesibiyeli. Ukusahlelwa kwakukhangeleka kulungile kodwa kwasilela phantsi komthwalo. Iradiyografi iveze iziko elinesiponji kanye apho udonga lwam lomthwebeba lwalungqindilili ngeemilimitha ezimbalwa kunommandla ojikelezileyo. Intsimbi ibisazi, nokuba amehlo am ebengayazi.
Iinkampani ezisebenza ngokugqwesa utyalo-mali, njenge QSY abaphatha yonke into ukusuka kwiqokobhe lokungunda ukuya kwi-CNC machining, lo mgaqo ubhakwe kwinkqubo yabo. Iinjineli zabo ziphonononga uyilo lwepateni ye-wax-nokuba ngumfanekiso okrolwe ngesandla-nobunzima bodonga kunye nokusabalalisa kwe-thermal njengeyona nto ixhalabisayo, rhoqo ngaphambi kokuba kunqunywe i-chip enye. Luvavanyo lwentsebenziswano olunqanda iziphene ezingundoqo.
INdibano kunye nokuSasa: iJiyometri eNgadunywanga
Kunqabile ukuba kugqitywe ipateni enye yewax. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uqingqa amacandelo ngokwahlukeneyo uze uwahlanganisele kumthi we-wax usebenzisa izixhobo ezifudumalayo kunye ne-wax ekhethekileyo yokudibanisa. Eli nyathelo lilula ngokukhohlisa. I-weld ebuthathaka apha ithetha ukuba inxalenye iyawa ngexesha lokuphatha iqokobhe. Ubushushu obuninzi kakhulu, kwaye ugqwetha izinto ezicekethekileyo osanda kuchitha iiyure ukrola. Umdibaniso kufuneka ucoceke kwaye womelele, kungabikho zikhala zangaphakathi ezinokubamba umoya okanye udaka lweqokobhe.
Emva koko kuza isango—ukuncamathelisa imijelo yewax eza kuba ziindlela zesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo. Oku akukona nje ukuncamathela kwiintonga zewax. I-diameter, ubude, kunye ne-angle yokunamathisela yesango ngalinye ilawula ngokuthe ngqo ukuhamba kunye nokuqina kwesinyithi. Isango elincinane kakhulu libangela ukungavisisani; enye encanyathiselwe kwi-engile ebukhali idala isiphithiphithi kunye nokufakwa kwe-slag. Sihlala sisebenzisa imivalo yeembaleki ezenziwe ngaphambili kunye namasango, kodwa ukubekwa kwazo kukubizela isigwebo esisekelwe kwijometri yenxalenye. Ndiyizoba ephepheni kuqala, ndibone indlela yentsimbi. Kukho umgaqo wesithupha: isango elingena kwelona candelo lishinyeneyo. Kodwa ngeengxenye ezinzima, ngamanye amaxesha ufuna amasango amaninzi, efuna ukuhamba kokulinganisa. Yinxalenye ye-fluid dynamics, inxalenye yamava.
Ukuphoswa kokunyaniseka okuphezulu kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-nickel-based okanye i-cobalt-based-based based materials Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. uluhlu njengento ekhethekileyo-uyilo lokungena lubaluleke kakhulu. Ezi ngxubevange ziyabiza kwaye zihlala zigalela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu. Inkqubo yokungena eyilwe kakubi kumthi we-wax ayifaki nje ingozi kwindawo enesiphene; ichitha amawaka eedola kwizinto eziphathekayo. Indawo yokungena kufuneka ikhuthaze ukuhamba kwelaminar kunye nokuqina okuqhubelekayo ukuya kwindawo yokunyuka. Loo njongo yoyilo iqala njengomzobo, emva koko iqondwe ngokwasemzimbeni kwindibano yewax.
Ukungaphumeleli nguMfundisi oNgcono kuneMpumelelo
Awuyiqondi ngokwenyani i-wax de uyibone isilela. Ndikhumbula ipateni yepleyiti enkulu, esicaba esayenzayo. Yayikrolwe kakuhle, inoyilo olugqibeleleyo. Sayityala, sayitshisa saza sagalela. Isiphumo sokuphosa sajijwa, njengetshiphu yezambane. Unobangela? Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwi-wax ukusuka kwinkqubo yesitofu sokuqala esiye sakhululeka ngexesha lokutshiswa kweqokobhe, ukuphazamisa i-mold cavity. Ngoku, ngokutyaba okubalulekileyo, sinokusebenzisa i-wax yokunciphisa uxinzelelo okanye siyilwe i-counter-curve encinci kwipatheni ye-wax, silindele ukuphazamiseka. Liqhinga ongayi kufumana kwincwadi yesifundo.
Enye iklasikhi: igobolondo iyaqhekeka ngexesha le-autoclave dewaxing. Ubushushu be-steam obukhawulezayo bubangela ukuba i-wax yande ngamandla. Ukuba i-wax inomxholo ophezulu wokuzalisa okanye uphawu olungalunganga lokunyibilika, lunokuvelisa uxinzelelo olwaneleyo lokuqhekeza iqokobhe le-ceramic ngaphakathi. Isisombululo sinokutshintshela kwifomula ye-wax yokwandisa okuphantsi okanye ukuguqula umjikelezo we-dewaxing-i-ramp ecothayo, uxinzelelo oluphantsi. Kodwa uhamba ukhangela eso sisombululo emva kokuba uve i-ping yeqokobhe eliqhekekileyo kwaye ubone utyalo-mali lonakeleyo.
Oku kusilela kungenxa yokuba inqanaba lokwenza iipateni lingenako ukubekwa lodwa. Idityaniswe nenkqubo ye-Foundry. Umenzi wepateni olungileyo kufuneka aqonde ukuba kwenzekani kwigumbi le-slurry, isithando somlilo esivuthayo, kunye nomgangatho othululwayo. Leyo yinzuzo yomboneleli wenkonzo epheleleyo. Xa ivenkile yeepateni, isakhiwo seqokobhe, kunye nokunyibilika kuphantsi kophahla olunye, njengaku QSY, iluphu yengxelo iqinile. Umfo okrola iwax unokuhamba aye eziko aze abone ukuba umsebenzi wakhe uvelisa ntoni, kwaye olo lwazi lukwazisa umzobo olandelayo. Ijika amanyathelo azimeleyo kwi-craft edibeneyo.
Ke, ukukrola i-wax yokuphosa i-wax elahlekileyo. Asiyontshayelelo yomsebenzi wokwenyani. Ngumsebenzi wenene. Kulapho uyilo lutshintsha ukusuka kutsalo lwedijithali okanye ukuzoba kwinyani ebonakalayo. Zonke izigqibo ezenziwe apha-ukukhethwa kwezinto, indlela yesixhobo, i-angle yedrafti, ubukhulu bodonga, i-gating-iphindaphinda yonke inkqubo, ifikelele kwibhloko yentsimbi enokuba yinto echanekileyo okanye isifundo esibiza kakhulu. Umthwebeba awunamfihlo; sityhila onke amandla, nokusilela ekugwebeni. Kwaye yiloo nto eyenza ukuba ibe luqeqesho olunomdla, olufunayo, nolugxekayo.
