Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'ilahleko yokuphosa iwax', baba nomfanekiso wentsimbi yokugqibela emenyezelayo-iblayidi yeinjini yomoya, ukufakelwa kwezonyango, iqhekeza lezacholo ezintsonkothileyo. Eyona nto ikhazimlayo, phantse rhoqo, kukungunda. Iqokobhe leceramic elingeyiyo imveliso, kodwa ngaphandle kwayo imveliso ayikho. Sisithuba esibi esichaza yonke into. Kwaye kukho ingcamango eqhelekileyo, eneendleko eziphosakeleyo yokuba ipateni ye-wax yinxalenye enzima. Ngokwamava am, kulapho umsebenzi wokwenyani ungekaqalisi. Umngundo kulapho inkqubo iphumelele okanye ilahleke.
Umdlalo weShell: Konke kuMaleko
Makhe sithethe ngeqokobhe ngokwalo. Asiyonto idiphu enye. Sisithethe. Uqala ngendibano yewax-umthi, amaqela, nantoni na oyenzayo. Idyasi yokuqala, i-prime slurry, ibaluleke kakhulu. Olu lujongano olubamba zonke iinkcukacha zepateni yakho yewax. Ukuba unomphezulu ogqityiweyo we-Ra 3.2 okanye ngaphezulu, le dyasi imisela ukuba uya kuyibetha. Ndibone iivenkile zisebenzisa i-zircon-based slurry kulo mgangatho wokuqala, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphezulu zentembeko ezifana nezo ze-aerospace okanye zonyango. Umgubo we-refractory apha mhle kakhulu, uphantse ufana nomgubo obhaka ngawo. Nawaphi amaqhuma? Uya kubabona kamva njengamaqhuqhuva ekugaleleni. Iqinisekisiwe.
Inkqubo ye-stuccoing elandela idiphu nganye yenye ikhwelo lokugweba. Ubungakanani beenkozo ze-stucco-silica edibeneyo, i-alumina, isanti ye-zircon-yonyuka ngoluhlu ngalunye. I-stucco yokuqala ingaba yi-200-mesh, phantse uthuli, ukugcina iinkcukacha. Ngengubo yesine okanye yesihlanu, usebenzisa i-coarser 30-50 ye-mesh material ukwakha ubukhulu kunye namandla e-dewax kunye nokugalela. Isingqisho siyinto yonke: dip, drain, stucco, zomile. Phinda. Indawo yokomisa iqabane elithuleyo. Kufume kakhulu, kwaye iileya aziyi kunyangeka ngokufanelekileyo; iqokobhe lihlala 'luhlaza' kwaye libuthathaka. Kushushu kakhulu kwaye komile, kwaye usemngciphekweni wokuqhekeka ngenxa yokunyuka komphunga wesinyibilikisi ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ndineebhetshi kwigumbi lokumisa elingalawulwa kakuhle liphuma nohlobo lwesikhumba esilusu oluchaza ingxaki kamva.
Kwaye inani leeleya? Loo nto ayiveli kwincwadi yokufunda. Umkroli omncinci wobhedu unokuhamba kunye neeleya ezi-5-6. I-nickel-based turbine blade blade egalelwa kwi-1500°C+? Ujonge ku-9, mhlawumbi 12 imigangatho. Wakha de iqokobhe libe neheft ethile, isandi esithile esibuthuntu xa ulicofa. Yinto ebambekayo. Injongo liqokobhe elinokusinda kwi-thermal shock of dewaxing (ngokuqhelekileyo i-autoclave yomphunga kwezi ntsuku) kwaye emva koko ibambe umlambo wesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ngaphandle kokugquma okanye ukuqhekeka. Yiyo yonke injongo ye ezilahlekileyo zokubumba iwax.
I-Dewaxing: Umzuzu weNyaniso
Olu luvavanyo lokuqala lokwenyani lweqokobhe lakho. Zonke ezo maleko zicokisekileyo sele ziza kufudunyezwa. Indlela endala yomlilo we-flash-fire ubukhulu becala iphelile-imdaka kakhulu, icinezele kakhulu kwiqokobhe. Ngoku i-autoclaves yomphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu. Umgaqo ulula: ukutshisa ngokukhawuleza igobolondo, unyibilike i-wax ngaphakathi. Ukubulawa akunjalo. Izinga lobushushu kunye nokunyuka koxinzelelo yiresiphi. Ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye i-wax eyandisiweyo inokuvuthela iqokobhe ukusuka ngaphakathi njengebhombu. Ukucotha kakhulu, kwaye i-wax inokunyibilika kwaye ikhuphe ngokungafaniyo, ishiya intsalela eya kutshisa kamva kwaye ibangele iziphene.
Ndikhumbula umsebenzi weminye imizimba yevalvu yentsimbi. Iipateni zewax zazingqindilili. Siqhube umjikelo oqhelekileyo we-autoclave. Isiphumo yaba yi-30% izinga lokuqhekeka kweqokobhe. Iwax, eyayivaleleke kumbindi weendawo ezishinyeneyo, yanda ngokukhawuleza kunokuba yayinokuphuma kwindlela yesango. Kwafuneka sibuyele emva kwaye silungise iipatheni ze-wax-yongeza i-vents yangaphakathi, utshintshe i-design yesango-nje ukuququzelela ukukhutshwa kwe-wax. Yayisisifundo esikhohlakeleyo: uyilo lokungunda luqala ngewax, kodwa kufuneka luqinisekiswe kwinqanaba le-dewax. Iqokobhe alizenzi; ikwingxoxo enobundlobongela kunye newax eyilelwe ukubuyisela.
Ukubuyiselwa kwe-wax lihlabathi layo. Ukhupha i-wax, uyayihluza, uyidibanise ne-wax entsha ukugcina iipropati. Kodwa lelinye ibali. Iqokobhe ngoku alinanto, libuthathaka, kwaye libambe umngxuma ogqibeleleyo wenxalenye yakho. Ibizwa ngokuba yimeko eluhlaza. Indawo elandelayo: iziko.
Ukutshisa kunye nokuThulula: Apho iKhemistry Yenzeka khona
Isithando somlilo esivuthayo senza imisebenzi emibini: isusa nayiphi na impawu yokugqibela ye-wax okanye ukufuma, kwaye i-sinter amaqhekeza e-ceramic kunye, iguqule igobolondo eluhlaza ibe yimbumba eyomeleleyo, i-monolithic. Ireyithi yokunyuka ibalulekile kwakhona. Kuya kufuneka utshise kancinci izinto eziphilayo ngaphandle kokudala iigesi eziqhekeza iqokobhe. Umjikelo oqhelekileyo unokubamba ku-200°C kangangeyure, uze unyuke kancinci ukuya kuma-900-1000°C. Awuyifudumezi nje; uguqula ikhemistri yesibophelelo kudaka.
Kulapho ulwazi lwezinto eziphathekayo lungundoqo. Ukuba ugalela i-cobalt-chrome ye-alloy yonyango, ukubunjwa kweqokobhe lakho kufuneka kuxhathise ukungena kwentsimbi kubushushu obuthile. Iqokobhe elenzelwe intsimbi yekhabhoni lisenokusabela nje ngecobalt, libangele ukungcoliseka komhlaba. Iinkampani ezinamava ezinto ezinzulu, ezifana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), bakhe olu lwazi kwinkqubo yabo kumashumi eminyaka. Kwindawo yabo, tsngtaocnc.com, bakhankanya ukusebenza nge-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based alloys. Oko kundixelela ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba baphuhlise ukwakheka kweqokobhe elithile-mhlawumbi nge-zircon eyongezelelweyo okanye izibophelelo ezikhethekileyo-ukuphatha ukusebenza kwakhona okuphezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu okugalela ezo alloys. Asiyonkqubo yegeneric.
Xa ukungunda kushushu (udla ngokugalela ngelixa kusekho amakhulu aliqela degrees Celsius ukunqanda ukothuka thermal kunye nokuphucula ulwelo lwesinyithi), ugalela. Intsimbi ibetha i-ceramic. Lo ngumzuzu wokuba ezilahlekileyo zokubumba iwax bonakalisa ukubaluleka kwabo. Kufuneka bamelane noxinzelelo lwe-thermal, uxinzelelo lwe-metallostatic, kwaye bangazisi naluphi na ukungcola. Iqokobhe elingatshisiyo lisenokuwohloka. Umntu ogxothwe ngokugqithisileyo unokuba brittle. Yifestile emxinwa.
IKnockout kunye neMva
Emva kokuba i-casting iqinile kwaye ipholile, ufumana ukuphula i-mold. Yinkqubo eyanelisayo nenogonyamelo—iijethi zamanzi, ukungcangcazela, maxa wambi amandla akhohlakeleyo. Iqokobhe elenziwe kakuhle kufuneka liphume libe ziziqwenga, hayi uthuli. Ukuba ijike yaba ngumgubo, inokuba ibingatshiswanga ngokwaneleyo. Ukuba idityaniswe kwintsimbi ngamabala, oko kukusabela-izinto ezingalunganga zeqokobhe kwi-alloy.
Umphezulu ongaphakathi womngxuma weqokobhe, lowo uchukumise isinyithi, ubalisa ibali. Ifanele ibe mpuluswa ngokwentelekiso. Ukuba ubona ukurhabaxa, ukuthungwa kwe-orenji-peel kumphezulu womgodi, oguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kumphezulu wokuphosa. Obo burhabaxa buhlala buvela kwidyasi yokuqala eludaka kakhulu okanye istucco sokuqala singazinzisi kakuhle. Yingxelo esemthethweni yediphu yakho yokuqala. Zonke iziphene ngaphakathi kokungunda ziba luphawu oluhle ekubunjweni. Akukho kufihlwa.
Apha kulapho iindleko zokwenyani zesiphene sokungunda zivela khona. Umngxuma ongaphezulu kwi-casting unokusila. I-mistun evela kwiqokobhe eliqhekekileyo? Leyo yilahleko epheleleyo, kwaye uphulukene nalo lonke ixabiso elongeziweyo ukusuka kwipatheni ye-wax ukuya phambili. Umngundo uyinto enokutyiwa, kodwa yeyona nto iphezulu enokutyiwa kwitsheyini.
Ngaphaya koMgangatho: Iintsonkotha kunye neeFowuni zoMgwebo
Ayizizo zonke iimbumba ezenziwe ngokulinganayo. Cinga ngenxalenye enamajelo anzulu, acutheneyo—njengepleyiti yokupholisa engamanzi kwizinto zombane. Ukufumana i-slurry ukuba inxibe ngokulinganayo ngaphakathi kwezo tshaneli ngaphandle kokubambisa umoya liphupha elibi. Unokudinga ukusebenzisa i-vacuum-assisted coating, okanye ujikeleze umthi ngexesha lokudipha. Ukukhupha amanzi kunzima; uludaka lunokudityaniswa kwaye ludale amabala ashinyeneyo abangela ukuqhekeka kweqokobhe kamva.
Okanye ii-cores. Ngamanye amaxesha udinga i-cavities yangaphakathi engenakwenziwa yi-wax yodwa. Ufaka i-ceramic cores kwipatheni ye-wax ngaphambi kokuba i-shelling. Ngoku iqokobhe lakho kufuneka lidibane kunye okanye ubuncinci lifake le ngundoqo ngexesha lokudubula kunye nokugalela. Ukwandiswa kwe-thermal eyahlukileyo phakathi kweqokobhe kunye neyona nto ingundoqo yinto entsha entsha. Ukuba azihambisani kunye, undoqo unokutshintsha okanye uqhekeke, wonakalise ijometri yangaphakathi. Lo ngummandla ophambili, apho ukungunda kuba sisakhiwo esidibeneyo.
Emva koko kukho isikali esipheleleyo. Ndisebenze ekubumbani amalungu angaphezulu kwemitha ubude. Iqokobhe lento enkulu kufuneka lixhase ubunzima balo xa liphathwa. Ulungelelwaniso lokudipha, ukomisa, kunye nokuhambisa ezi zakhiwo zinkulu, ziethe-ethe yiprojekthi yobunjineli ngokwayo. Awunako nje ukulandela imanyuwali. Uvelisa amaqhinga-ama-racks angokwezifiso, ulandelelwano olukhethekileyo lokomisa. Kulapho iminyaka engama-30 yokusebenza, njengaleyo icatshulwa yi-QSY, iguqulela kuhlobo lwe-intuition emiliselwe, yokusombulula iingxaki. Ufunda ukuba iqokobhe elilungileyo liziva njani kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepateni. Kumsebenzi wobugcisa obekwe phezu kwenzululwazi.
Ke xa ujonga utyalo-mali oluchanekileyo, musa ukubona nje isinyithi. Jonga isiporho seqokobhe leceramic elenzileyo. Yonke i-contour, yonke isiphelo somphezulu, lonke udonga olucekethekileyo lububungqina bomgangatho kunye nolawulo lwezo maleko, i-ceramic etshisiweyo. ezilahlekileyo zokubumba iwax. Bangamangqina angavunywanga, atshatyalalisiwe kuyo yonke le nkqubo. Ukuzilungisa akulonyathelo kwinkqubo; yinkqubo. Yonke enye into kukulungiselela okanye ukucoca.
