I-Stellite alloy ligama eliqhelekileyo loluhlu lwe-cobalt-chromium alloys ezixhathisayo kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu, ukugqoka kunye nokubola. "I-Stellite" yayiyilungelo elilodwa lomenzi weqela leDeloro. Kwi-2012, iQela le-Deloro Stellite lafunyanwa yi-Kennametal kwaye yaba ngumqondiso wokuthengisa obhalisiweyo we-Kennametal, esetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kwii-alloys ezithile ezisekelwe kwi-cobalt.
Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali ze-Stellite alloy:
I-Stellite alloy yeyosapho lwe-cobalt-based alloy kwaye ikakhulu iqulethe ezi zinto zilandelayo:
I-Cobalt (Co) : I-matrix element, ibalwa malunga ne-50-65% yobunzima bubonke, inika amandla abalaseleyo obushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokudinwa kwe-thermal.
I-Chromium (Cr) : Umxholo wayo uqhelekile phakathi kwe-25% kunye ne-33%, kwaye isitshixo sokwenza umaleko okhuselweyo okhuselweyo we-chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃), ukunika i-alloy kunye nokumelana okubalaseleyo kwi-oxidation ephezulu yokushisa kunye nokubola.
I-Tungsten (W) kunye ne-molybdenum (Mo) : Isisombululo esiluqilima sisomeleza izinto. Enye i-tungsten okanye i-molybdenum iya kudibanisa kunye nekhabhoni ukwenza i-carbides enzima, iphucula kakhulu ubunzima obomvu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kwe-alloy.
Ikhabhoni (C) : Umxholo uguquguquka phakathi kwe-0.1% kunye ne-3.0%. I-Carbon yinto ephambili ekubunjweni kwee-carbides (ezifana ne-MC, M₂₃C₆, M₇C₃), ezifakwe kwi-matrix ye-cobalt njengemivalo yensimbi, eyenza "i-skeleton" ye-alloy yokumelana nokunxiba.
Ukuqiniswa kwe-Stellite alloy ikakhulu kuvela kwi-matrix ye-austenite eqiniswe sisisombululo esiqinileyo kunye ne-carbides esasazwa kwi-matrix. Le ndlela yokuqinisa ikhethekileyo yenza ukuba i-Stellite alloy ibe namava okuhla okucothayo kumandla njengoko iqondo lobushushu linyuka, liyinika uzinzo oluphezulu kakhulu lwe-thermal.
Amanqaku aphambili kunye neempawu zeStellite alloy:
Uthotho olungagugiyo
I-Stellite 1: I-high-carbon kunye ne-high-tungsten grade enobunzima obufikelela kwi-HRC 48-55. Inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo wokunxitywa kwe-anti-abrasive kwaye ifanelekile kwizihlalo zevalvu, iibheringi kunye neentambo ezixhathisayo zokunxiba, njl.
I-Stellite 4: Amandla aphezulu, ubunzima obuphezulu. Ifanelekile kwi-cold stamping dies, i-high-stress wear parts, njl.
I-Stellite 6: Elona bakala liguquguqukayo neliqhelekileyo, laziwa ngokuba yi "Jack yazo zonke iintlobo". Inomlinganiselo ogqibeleleyo wobulukhuni (malunga ne-HRC 40) kunye nokuqina, kwaye iphinda ibonise ukuxhathisa impembelelo ebalaseleyo, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zokutywina zevalve, iivalve ze-injini kunye ne-bushings ezahlukeneyo, njl.
I-Stellite 12: Ukusebenza kwayo kuphakathi kwe-Stellite 1 kunye ne-Stellite 6, kunye nobunzima obumalunga ne-HRC 45. Inzima kwaye ayigugi ngaphezu kwe-Stellite 6, kwaye ifanelekile kubushushu obuphezulu kunye ne-high-pressure valves, i-sawteeth, i-screw push rods, kunye ne-valve yokulawula.
I-Stellite 20: Ibakala elinobunzima obuphezulu ngokugqithisileyo (malunga ne-HRC 60), ubukhulu becala eliyilelwe iimeko zokunxiba ezirhabaxa kakhulu, kwaye lisoloko lisetyenziswa ekuthwaleni imikhono, iipleyiti ezinganxibiyo, kunye nezangqa zokutywina ezijikelezayo.
I-Stellite 100: I-Impact-resistant kunye ne-cavitation resistant, eyona nto ilungiselelwe iimeko zokunxiba ngokugqithisileyo, ihlala isetyenziselwa i-impellers, ii-turbine blades, kunye nezixhobo zekhemikhali.
Ubushushu obuphezulu/uthotho olumelana nomhlwa
I-Stellite 21: Inqanaba lekhabhoni ephantsi, enemolybdenum enokuqina okugqwesileyo kunye nokuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal. Amagqabi einjini yegesi, iivalvu zobushushu obuphezulu, amacandelo eshishini lenyukliya.
I-Stellite 31 (X-40) : Iqulethe i-nickel, ibonakalisa amandla aphezulu obushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokudinwa kwe-thermal, kwaye kudala isetyenziswa njengesixhobo se-vanes yesikhokelo kwii-injini ze-aero kunye namacandelo ee-injini zegesi.
I-Stellite 25: Umxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi, kunye nokuchasana kakhulu nokudinwa kwe-thermal, i-oxidation kunye ne-sulfidation, efanelekileyo kumacandelo egumbi lokutsha.
Uthotho lweNtsebenzo ekhethekileyo
I-Tribaloy T-400: Isiqulatho se-molybdenum ephezulu, ipropathi egqwesileyo yobushushu obuphezulu bokuthambisa, ukufikelela kwi-self-lubrication yobushushu obuphezulu ngesigaba seLaves, ilungele iivalvu zesango kunye namacandelo okuthambisa ioyile kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nemidiya eyonakalisayo.
I-Tribaloy T-800: I-molybdenum ephezulu kunye ne-chromium ephezulu, ene-resistance engcono yokunxiba kune-T-400, ifaneleke kakhulu, i-corrosion ephezulu kunye neendawo zokushisa eziphezulu.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nokungalunganga kwe-Stellite alloy
Iingenelo
Ubulukhuni obubomvu obugqwesileyo: Olona phawu lubalaseleyo lwe-Stellite alloy kukuba inokugcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu kunye namandla nokuba kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukusuka kwi-650 ukuya kwi-1000 ℃. I-carbides yayo ayinyibiliki kwakhona ide ifikelele kwi-1100 ℃, enzima kwizinto ezininzi ezisekelwe kwi-iron kunye ne-nickel-based.
Ukumelana ne-corrosion epheleleyo: Umxholo ophezulu we-chromium uvumela ukuba yenze ifilimu ezinzileyo ye-passivation kumajelo ahlukeneyo e-corrosion, kubandakanywa namanzi olwandle, i-asidi ye-sulfuric, i-nitric acid kunye ne-high-temperature gas, ebonisa ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kwi-uniform kunye ne-corrosion yendawo. Ngokukodwa malunga nokuchasana ne-thermal corrosion (efana ne-sulfidation), ii-alloys ze-Stellite zihlala ziphezulu kune-nickel-based alloys ngenxa yeqondo eliphezulu lokunyibilika kwe-cobalt sulfides.
Okugqwesileyo kokunganyangekiyo: Nokuba kukunxitywa kwe-intermetallic friction (i-adhesive wear) okanye ukukhukuliseka komhlaba okubangelwa ngamanzi aqulethe amasuntswana, i-Stellite alloy iqhuba kakuhle kakhulu. Inomlinganiso ophantsi wokukhuhlane kunye nekhono elinamandla lokuchasa ukukrwela.
Ukumelana nokudinwa kwe-thermal okugqwesileyo: Inokumelana nokutshintsha kwamaqondo obushushu (ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-thermal) ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kakhulu kwiimeko zokuqala zokumisa iivalve, ukubumba, njl.
Ukusilela
Amandla angonelanga obushushu obuphakathi: Kubushushu obuphakathi (obufana ne-600-800℃), amandla e-Stellite alloys ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela yi-50-75% ye-alloys esekelwe kwi-nickel ngenxa yokungabikho kwezigaba zokuqinisa ezihambelanayo.
Ubunzima bokusebenza okuphezulu: Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokuqina okuphezulu, ukucutshungulwa kwe-Stellite alloy kunzima kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuphela ukugaya okanye iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokucwangcisa zingamkelwa, okukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa kwiindawo.
Ukunqongophala kwezixhobo: I-Cobalt sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sobuchule. Oovimba bayo behlabathi balinganiselwe kwaye basasazwa ngokulinganayo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwixabiso eliphezulu le-Stellite alloy. Kwinqanaba elithile, oku kuthintela usetyenziso lwayo olukhulu.
Ukuxhathisa okuncinci kwi-oxidation: Ngaphandle kokuchasana okugqwesileyo kwi-thermal corrosion, ukuxhathisa kwe-oxidation ye-Stellite alloys kwindawo ecocekileyo yobushushu obuphezulu be-oxidation buhlala buphantsi kune-alloys esekwe kwi-nickel.
