Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'umatshini ochanekileyo we-CNC', bacinga ngoko nangoko malunga nokunyamezelana okuqinileyo - uyazi, loo manani ±0.001 atyatyekwe kuzo zonke iiwebhusayithi. Leyo yinxalenye yayo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa yeyona nto ilula ukuyithembisa kwaye kaninzi elona candelo linzima ukuzisa ngokungaguquguqukiyo, ngakumbi xa ujongana neejometri ezintsonkothileyo okanye izixhobo zobushushu ezifana ne-Inconel. Ukuchaneka kokwenyani akukho nje ekuphindaphindeni komatshini; ikuyo yonke inkqubo yetsheyini - ukusuka kwindlela owutolika ngayo umzobo, ukuya kwisicwangciso sakho sokulungisa, ukuya kuthi ga ekulawuleni ukwanda kobushushu evenkileni emva kwemini eshushu. Ndibone imisebenzi emininzi kakhulu apho iinxalenye zilinganisa ngokugqibeleleyo kwi-CMM kodwa zisilela kwindibano kuba umntu wenza zonke izinto ngomatshini kwi-datum enye ngaphandle kokujonga ukuba inxalenye isetyenziswa njani na. Olo luhlobo olwahlukileyo lokuchaneka, ongalufumaniyo kwiphepha elithile.
Izinto eziphathekayo nguMthengi wokuQala
Unokuba neyona mill ingcono ye-5-axis emhlabeni, kodwa ukuba uphatha i-17-4 PH ngaphandle kwebala ngendlela efanayo ophatha ngayo i-6061 i-aluminiyam, ukwilizwe lokwenzakala. Apha kulapho amava, okanye endaweni yoko, amava athile ezinto eziphathekayo, angabinakuxoxisana. Sibaleka kakhulu ngokuchanekileyo CNC machining kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo - i-nickel-based, izinto ezisekelwe kwi-cobalt kumacandelo amandla kunye ne-aerospace. Ezi zixhobo zisebenza nzima ngokuqhwanyaza. Indlela yakho yesixhobo, isondlo, isantya, kunye nohlobo lokufaka ijometri kufuneka lube kwincoko ethe gqolo kunye nemathiriyeli. Ukungcangcazela okuncinci kwe-harmonic onokuthi ungakuhoyi kwintsimbi kunokukhupha i-200 yeedola zokuphela kwelitye eHastelloy. Incinci malunga nonyanzeliso olukhohlakeleyo kwaye ngaphezulu malunga nesenzo esilawulwayo, esingaguqukiyo sokucheba. Ufunda ukufunda iitshiphusi - umbala kunye nokumila kwazo kukuxelela ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na inzwa ngamanye amaxesha.
Yiloo nto imvelaphi yevenkile ibalulekile. Indawo echithwe amashumi eminyaka ekujuleni, njengaye I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), ngokuqhelekileyo unomlenze ophezulu xa kuziwa kumatshini. Ababoni nje ibhilethi; bayasiqonda isakhiwo sokutya okuziinkozo, ukubandakanywa okunokubakho, kunye namazwe oxinzelelo ukusuka kwinkqubo ephezulu. Ukucupha icandelo lokuphoswa akufani nokwenza ibar eyenziweyo. Kusenokufuneka uthathe isikali esikhaphukhaphu kuqala ukuze 'ufumane' indawo eyinyani, okanye ulungelelanise isicwangciso sakho secandelo elineentunjana. Olu hlobo lolwazi lwenkqubo lubhakwa kwisithuba seminyaka engama-30, kwaye luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kwenxalenye yokugqibela yomatshini.
Ndikhumbula umsebenzi wecandelo le-injini ye-cobalt alloy. Ushicilelo lubize ukugqiba kwesipili kumjelo wangaphakathi. Sayibethelela imilinganiselo, kodwa umphezulu wawukruqukile, ubonisa iinyembezi ezincinci. Ingxaki? Besisebenzisa indlela yesixhobo kunye noxinzelelo lokupholisa olulungiselelwe ukuba lungabinabala. Kuthathe iveki yovavanyo, ukutshintshela kwisixokelelwano sokupholisa soxinzelelo oluphezulu nge-spindle kunye nomxube othile osekwe kwi-oyile, kunye nokwehliswa okukhulu kwireyithi yesondlo ekugqithiseni kokugqibela ukufumana oko kugqitywa kweglasi. 'Ukuchaneka' apha kwakumalunga nemfezeko yomphezulu njengoko yayimalunga nokuchaneka komda. Umatshini unokuyenza, kodwa ulwazi lwenkqubo lwenza ukuba kwenzeke.
Apho Ukuphosa Kudibaniswa Noomatshini: IHandoff ebalulekileyo
Le yindawo enkulu, ehlala ingahoywa, yempazamo. Ivenkile eyenza kuphela CNC Machining ufumana ukuphoswa kwaye unokusuka nje ayikhuphe kwaye aqalise ukusika. Kodwa uyimisela phi idatha yakho yokuqala? Ukuba i-casting ine-warp encinci okanye indawo engabalulekanga isetyenziswa njengobuso be-clamp, unomshini ogqibeleleyo we-spec inxalenye engenamsebenzi. Ukuchaneka kufuneka kuqale ngaphambi kokuba isixhobo sokuqala sichukumise indawo.
Imisebenzi edibeneyo inenzuzo enkulu. Kwi-QSY, umzekelo, ngenxa yokuba baphatha zombini i-shell mold / utyalo-mali kunye nomatshini wangaphakathi endlwini, i-handoff iyilwe ngaphakathi. Bangaphosa iipads zendawo okanye iimpawu zedatum ezingasebenziyo kodwa zilungele ukuseta oomatshini. Bayaziqonda izibonelelo zokucutheka kwaye banokulungiselela kwangaphambili i-CNC ukuba ihlawule. Le ndlela yokuyila ngokubambisana itshintsha umdlalo kwiindawo ezinzima. Ingcibi yoomatshini ayilwi nokuphosa; basebenzisana nayo. Ndikubonile oku kunciphisa amaxabiso ezinto ezilahliweyo kumacandelo e-alloy yexabiso eliphezulu nge-30% okanye ngaphezulu, ngenxa yokuba iqela lomatshini lalikwi-loop ngexesha lophononongo loyilo lokuphosa.
Umzekelo osebenzayo: ibhodi yevalvu yesicelo solwandle olungaphantsi kolwandle. Yayiyi-duplex stainless stainless investment casting. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yayibubuso bokutywinwa kunye nepateni yomngxuma webholiti. Ngokuyila i-mold casting ukwenzela ukuba umgca wokwahlula kunye nenkqubo yokungena ishiye icocekile, i-machable surfaces kanye apho i-CNC ifuna ukuyibeka khona, sigcine imisebenzi emibini yokuseta. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, saqinisekisa ukuba ubukhulu bodonga olujikeleze amachweba bufana ngqo ukusuka kwi-cast, ngoko ke ukunqunyulwa kokugqiba kwakuncinci kunye noxinzelelo-ukulinganisela. Ukuchaneka kwakhiwe ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala.
Isixhobo sokuSebenza kunye nokuLungisa iMindset
Thetha naye nawuphi na umatshini onamava, kwaye baya kukuxelela ukuba umatshini ulungile nje ngento ebambe indawo kunye nesixhobo. Kuba ngokuchanekileyo machining, ngakumbi kumthamo ophantsi, umsebenzi oxubene kakhulu, ukulungiswa kwemodyuli yinkosi. Kodwa akukhona nje ukuthenga ikiti entle. Kumalunga noyilo lwezixhobo ezihlonipha ukuqina kwenxalenye, ukunika ufikelelo lwezixhobo, kwaye, ngokubalulekileyo, ukuvumela ukukhula kobushushu obuqikelelweyo. Izixhobo ze-aluminiyam zanda ngesantya esahlukileyo kunezinye zentsimbi - kufuneka uphendule loo nto ukuba uqhuba umjikelo omde kwaye ubushushu bevenkile buhamba.
Sakha sakrazula ibhetshi yeringi zetywina ezinobubanzi obukhulu kuba sisebenzise isitshixo esikhulu sentsimbi, eyomeleleyo ngokugqithisileyo. Yayibambe indawo ngokuqinileyo kangangokuba xa sasiyikhulula emva komatshini, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olusuka kwi-clamping lubangele ukuba iphume ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingaphumeleli ukuhlolwa. Sifunda ntoni? Ukulungiswa kufuneka kuchaneke, kodwa kwakhona kufuneka kube novelwano. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-clamp ethambileyo okanye inkxaso yeqhinga 'ichaneke' ngakumbi kwihlabathi lokwenyani kunobungqongqo obupheleleyo.
Ukukhetha izixhobo ngomnye umngxuma womvundla. Kwi-alloys yobushushu obuphezulu, ndiyekile ukuleqa eyona carbide intsha, eyona icothiweyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ibakala elixolelayo ngakumbi eline-substrate eqinile, eqhutywa kwiiparamitha ezilondolozayo, inika iziphumo ezingcono kunye nobomi besixhobo. Ukuchaneka kuvela kukuhambelana, kungekhona ukusebenza okuphezulu. Ukuba isixhobo siqala ukuthotywa ngokuqikelelwayo, unokusicwangcisela. Ukuba iyasilela ngentlekele, uphulukene nenxalenye, isixhobo, kwaye mhlawumbi sisixhobo. Ndigcina ilogi yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo - kungekhona nje isantya kunye nokutya, kodwa yeyiphi i-brand yesixhobo kunye nejometri enike ipateni yokunxiba eqikelelweyo kwi-flank. Yinyani leyo, idata enokuthathelwa amanyathelo omsebenzi ochanekileyo.
Ukulinganisa Okubalulekileyo (Kwaye Ukwazi Kutheni)
Nanku umqobo oqhelekileyo: ukulinganisa ngokugqithisileyo. Ungafumana ingxelo yokuhlola inqaku lokuqala elinamaphepha ali-10 ubude, lijonga yonke imilinganiselo yoshicilelo. Kodwa ngaba oko kuqinisekisa ukuba inxalenye iyasebenza? Akunjalo rhoqo. Ubuchule bokwenyani kukuchonga imilinganiselo ebaluleke kakhulu-kumsebenzi (CTF) kunye nokujolisa isicwangciso sakho somlinganiselo apho. Ingaba loo ±0.0005 callout kwiflange yokuthambisa iyimfuneko ngenene, okanye ikhutshelwe nje kumzobo omdala? Ngokuqhelekileyo, incoko kunye nenjineli ixabiseke ngakumbi kunengxelo yeCMM.
Umzekelo, kwizindlu zempompo esizenze ngoomatshini bentsimbi, eyona mfuno 'yokuchaneka' yinyani kunye nokuchaneka kwendawo yezityholo ezithwalayo xa zithelekiswa enye kwenye, kungeyomfuneko ukuba ibe yidayamitha egqibeleleyo ukuya kweyesine. Sichithe amandla ethu siqinisekisa ukuseta kunye nendlela yesixhobo eqinisekisa obo budlelwane, nokuba oko kuthetha ukuba sivumele ubungakanani obungabalulekanga bangaphandle buhlale kwisiphelo esibanzi sebhendi yonyamezelo. Le ndlela yokusebenza yokuchaneka igcina ixesha kunye neendleko ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza.
Oku kubopha emva ekubeni nombono wenkqubo epheleleyo. Inkampani esiqondayo isicelo senxalenye, njengaleyo ibikwisakhelo kunye CNC Machining kumashumi eminyaka, ibekwe ngcono ukuba ezi ncoko. Baye bayibona indlela amalungu adityaniswa ngayo aze asetyenziswe entsimini. Bangajonga kumzobo kwaye ngokwethuku bazi ukuba yeyiphi imilinganiselo 'yeyemveliso' kwaye yeyiphi 'eyomsebenzi.' Olo cingo lwesigwebo luhlobo lokuchaneka olungasebenzisi i-micrometer.
Umba woLuntu kwiNkqubo yeDijithali
Okokugqibela, masingayenzi ibe luthando i-automation. Precision CNC machining iqhutywa yikhowudi, kodwa igadwe ngabantu. Umdwelisi wenkqubo owongeza iradiyasi eyi-0.5mm kwingcambu yekona yangaphakathi ebukhali kuba bayazi ukuba sisigxininisi soxinzelelo kwindibano engcangcazelayo. Umsebenzisi ova utshintsho oluncinci kwisandi sokusika kwaye amise umjikelo ukuze ajonge isixhobo, nangona isijoni somthwalo singekakhubeki. Umhloli womgangatho oziva enenwebu ngeminwe yakhe ephoswe yinkqubo yombono.
Olu lwazi luqokelelweyo, olucwangcisiweyo ngumaleko wokugqibela wokuchaneka. Yinto ejika inxalenye elungileyo ibe yethembekileyo. Awunako ukuyikhuphela okanye ukuyicwangcisa kumatshini omtsha. Ivela ekuqhubeni amawaka emisebenzi, ekwenzeni iimpazamo, nasekufundeni kuzo. Sisizathu sokuba imbali yevenkile - njengohambo lwe-QSY lweminyaka engama-30 ukusuka ekujuleni kumatshini - iyinto ebonakalayo. Obo bomi bude buthetha ukuba baye balungisa iinkqubo kwiintsapho eziphathekayo kunye nemijikelo yeshishini. Mhlawumbi baye benza uguqulelo lwenxalenye yakho ngaphambili, nokuba umzobo mtsha.
Ke xa ujonge iqabane lomsebenzi ochanekileyo, jonga ngaphaya koluhlu lomatshini. Buza malunga neejenali zabo zemathiriyeli, intanda-bulumko yabo, indlela abaluphatha ngayo utshintsho lokusa kumatshini, kunye nokuba ijongeka njani ilog yabo yokusilela. Ukuchaneka kokwenyani kukucinga ngasemva kwendlela yesixhobo, hayi indlela yesixhobo ngokwayo. Yinkqubo emdaka, ephindaphindayo, enzulu yomntu yokusombulula iingxaki, apho umatshini usesinye isixhobo esikwaziyo kakhulu ebhokisini.
