Xa umntu echwetheza 'umatshini ochanekileyo kufutshane nam' kwibar yokukhangela, ndiye ndizibuze ukuba ulandela ntoni ngokwenene. Ngaba yijografi, okanye sisidingo esinzulu sevenkile abanokuthi baqhube kuyo, bajonge i-foreman emehlweni, kwaye baxoxe nge-burr kwizindlu ze-titanium actuator? Ibinzana ngokwalo lilula ngokukhohlisa. Idibanisa inkqubo yokulindela okuphezulu kunye ne-locator esisiseko, kwaye kulapho ukungaqondi kakuhle kokuqala kuhlala kulele khona. Ukuba kufutshane akuqinisekisi ukubanako. Ndikhe ndabona abathengi betsha bekhetha eyona venkile ikufutshane, bafumanisa ukuba abanakukwazi ukusingatha umsebenzi wokwenyani we-5-axis ngaxeshanye okanye bengenakho i-metrology yokunyamezela sithetha ngako—cinga ± 0.0005 kwicontour entsonkothileyo, hayi nje ukugrumba imingxuma ethile epleyitini.
Ngaphaya kweKhowudi yeZip: Ukuchaza Ukuchaneka kwiMigaqo yokwenyani
Masiqhawule 'umatshini ochanekileyo' ngaphakathi. Ayilogama lokuthengisa esiliphosa kancinci. Kwihlabathi lethu ku Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), iqala ngesitokhwe. Awunakho ukuchaneka komatshini kwi-cast cast engalunganga. Yiyo loo nto ishumi leminyaka lethu kuqokobhe kunye notyalo-mali ingeloshishini elahlukileyo; balinyathelo elisisiseko. Ukuba i-close-net-shape evela kwi-Foundry ine-shrinkage yangaphakathi okanye ubukhulu bodonga olungahambelaniyo, inkqubo ye-CNC ilwa nedabi elilahlekileyo ukusuka kwisixhobo sokuqala sokuthintela. Ke xa umxhasi esizisela ushicilelo lwempompo yempompo yaselwandle kwi-duplex engenastainless, ingcinga yam yokuqala ayingomatshini. Kukuba inkqubo yethu yokuphosa inokuhambisa into engenanto enika icala lobuchwephesha ithuba elifanelekileyo lokubetha umphezulu wejelo lokuhamba.
Uluhlu lwezixhobo lubalisa ibali. Intsimbi, iintsimbi, i-stainless - ngokuqinisekileyo. Kodwa xa i-spec ifuna i-cobalt-based okanye i-nickel-based alloys, umdlalo uyatshintsha. Kufuphi kum kuphantse kungabinamsebenzi ukuba ivenkile ayikuqondi ukuqina komsebenzi, ayinazo izixhobo zokusila ezifanelekileyo ze-ceramic, okanye ayikwazi ukulawula ubushushu. Ndikhumbula umsebenzi wecandelo le turbine seal kwi-Inconel 718. Umntu okhuphisana naye wasekhaya wawuthatha ngokusekelwe kwindawo. Batshise ngezixhobo, bazisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, kwaye iindawo zajijwa emva komatshini. Umxhasi wagqiba ngokuthumela izithuba ezinokuthi zigcinwe kuthi. Umgama ubabize ngebhetshi yezinto ezibiza kakhulu kunye neeveki zokulibaziseka.
Ngoko ingcebiso yam? Sebenzisa kufutshane nam ukufumana amaqabane anokubakho, kodwa wavavanye ngesiqwenga sovavanyo. Buza malunga nolawulo lwenkqubo yabo yophawu olulula kodwa oluxelayo: umngxuma onzulu, omncinci wobubanzi kuma-304 angenabala. Ngaba banokubamba ngokuthe tye kwaye bagqibe ubunzulu obuyi-10x ububanzi? Impendulo yabo-kunye nesampulu-iya kukuxelela ngaphezu kwephini labo lendawo kwimephu.
Umda wokudityaniswa: Xa ukuCalwa kunye ne-CNC ziphantsi kophahla olunye
Apha kulapho imodeli yomenzi odibeneyo odibeneyo uthanda QSY iyatshintsha icalculus. Inzuzo enkulu ayilolungiselelo nje, nangona ukuba ne-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini kumakhulu ambalwa eemitha eziqeleleneyo kunciphisa ixesha elihamba phambili ngokumangalisayo. Imalunga nengxelo kunye nokuphendula. Umatshini odibana nendawo enzima kwi-casting unokuhamba ukuya kumphathi we-Foundry kwaye abonise. Iqela le-Foundry linokulungelelanisa inkqubo yokungena okanye yokupholisa kwibhetshi elandelayo ngokusekelwe kwidatha yokwenyani yomatshini, hayi nje inkcazo yethiyori.
Sasineprojekthi yothotho lwemizimba yevalvu kwi-CF8M engenasici. Umxhasi wayefuna ukuthotyelwa kwe-ASME B16.34, oku kuthetha ukuba i-NDE engqongqo kwi-castings kunye nokunyamezelana okuqinileyo kwi-flange ubuso kunye nokuzala. Ngenxa yokuba zombini iinkqubo zazingaphakathi endlwini, sinokumatshini inqaku lokuqala, senze uvavanyo loxinzelelo, sifumane umba we-micro-porosity kwikona enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye emva koko silungise uyilo lokukhupha umoya wokubumba. Umjikelo wokuphinda uthathe iintsuku, hayi iiveki. Umxhasi okhangelayo ngokuchanekileyo machining kufutshane nam ayinakuqale icinge malunga nekhonkco le-Foundry, kodwa kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo, ihlala ingumahluko phakathi kweprototype esebenzayo kunye nemodeli enexabiso eliphezulu.
Yintoni embi? Ifuna ibhentshi enzulu yeenjineli eziqeqeshwe ngokunqamlezayo. Abadwelisi benkqubo bethu bomatshini kufuneka baqonde ukuncipha kokuqina. Sisakhono esikhethekileyo esingaveli kwivenkile yemisebenzi ekufutshane nam esenza kuphela umatshini ovela kwisitokhwe sebha esithengiweyo.
Izixhobo, ukulungisa, kunye neeyure ezingabonakaliyo
Nabani na unokuthenga umatshini we-CNC wale mihla. Ubugcisa bokwenene-kunye neendleko ezifihliweyo-kumsebenzi wokubambisa kunye nesicwangciso sendlela yesixhobo. Kwibhetshi yezindlu zempompo, sinokuchitha iiyure ezingama-40 siyila kwaye sisakha isiko esilungiselelweyo sezikhululo ezininzi esisivumela ukuba simatshini ama-80% eempawu kulungiselelo olunye. Leyo ziiyure ezingama-40 zexesha elingengomatshini phambi kokuba i-spindle ijike. Ivenkile ekhuphisanayo ngexabiso lasekhaya kunye neliphantsi inokutsiba oku, isebenzisa i-vise kunye ne-step blocks, ukwazisa ukuseta ezininzi kunye nempazamo eyongezelekayo. Inxalenye inokwenziwa, kodwa ayizukuchaneka.
Emva koko kukho isoftware. Isantya esiphezulu izicwangciso machining for ingxubevange, trochoidal milling ukunciphisa isixhobo isixhobo-oku kulapho amava umdwelisi ihlawula. Ayikho kwincwadi yemigaqo. Oku sikufunde ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezaphukileyo kunye neenxalenye ezilahliweyo kwangethuba. Ngoku, kwimathiriyeli entsha efana ne-nickel alloy yobunini, siseza kwenza uvavanyo lokuzincama, ukudayela kwiifidi kunye nezantya ngesandla kulawulo, ukubukela umbala we-chip kunye nokumamela ukusikwa. Leyo yinkqubo ongenakuyikhupha okanye uyifumane ngophendlo lwendawo olulula.
Ujongo lweNqobo lweMetrology
Ukuchaneka kuchazwa ngomlinganiselo, kungekhona injongo. Ivenkile inokuthi ibe ±0.001 amandla, kodwa ilinganisa ngantoni? I-micrometer ephathwayo ilungile kwi-shaft diameter, kodwa ayinamsebenzi kwindawo yokwenyani ye-12 yemingxuma yeebholiti kwi-PCD okanye iprofayile ye-manifold egobile. Igumbi lethu leCMM libaluleke kakhulu njenge-DMG Mori 5-axis yethu. Kwaye nangona kunjalo, ulawulo lokusingqongileyo lubalulekile. Silinganisa amacandelo abalulekileyo enqwelomoya kusasa, emva kokuba ilebhu izinzile ubushushu ngobusuku. Ukuba iqabane lakho lobuchwephesha lendawo lilinganisa iindawo kumgangatho wevenkile ecaleni komnyango ovulekileyo ehlotyeni, idatha iyakrokrelwa.
Ndikhumbula ukusilela okwandihlabayo. Senze iseti yokufaka isitofu sokungunda ukusuka kwisixhobo sentsimbi ye-H13. Balinganise ngokugqibeleleyo kwi-CMM kwi-20°C. Umxhasi uzifake kwisiseko sokungunda esibaleka kuma-90°C. Umahluko wokwandiswa kwe-thermal ubangele ukungahambi kakuhle. Khange siwuthathele ingqalelo ubushushu bokusebenza kwindawo yethu yokunyamezelana. Ngoku, kuyo nayiphi na i-tooling okanye i-high-temp component, loo ncoko iyinxalenye yophononongo lokuqala. Sisifundo esithile, esibuhlungu esitshintshe uluhlu lwethu lokukhangela lwe-DFM.
Ukwenza Kufuphi Nam Kusebenzele Wena
Ke, ukuba ukhangela iinkonzo zomatshini ezichanekileyo, sebenzisa isihluzo sejografi, kodwa emva koko umbe nzulu. Khangela ubungqina bokwenziwa kwemveliso edibeneyo ukuba inxalenye yakho iqala njengokuphosa okanye ukwenza. Phonononga imbali yabo yezinto-ucela izifundo kwi-alloy ethile oyifunayo. Cela utyelelo. Ivenkile ecocekileyo, ecwangcisiweyo enoomatshini bala maxesha, abagcinwe kakuhle kunye nelebhu yomgangatho ozinikeleyo luphawu olulungileyo. Buza nge-CMM yabo enkulu, ukuchaneka kwevolumetric, kunye nokuba ilinganiswe kangaphi.
Kwinkampani efana neyethu, QSY, imbali yeminyaka engama-30 ayilonani nje. Kuthetha ukuba senze amawaka ngamawaka eendawo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiibhutsi ezilula ukuya kwizixhobo zereactor, kwaye sakhe ulwazi lweziko lokuba yintoni enokungahambi kakuhle. Loo mava abhakwa kucwangciso lwenkqubo. Umba okufutshane kum kubathengi bethu uhlala uguqulela kwintsebenziswano elula-banokutyelela, babone iindawo zabo ziqhubeka, kwaye babe nophononongo lobunjineli ubuso ngobuso. Elo xabiso lingaphathekiyo lidla ngokuwoyisa umahluko omncinci wexabiso ngokwenxalenye nganye kumniki-nkonzo othe qelele, ongaziwayo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuchaneka kwenyani yintsebenziswano, hayi intengiselwano. Kufuneka kukhangelwe iqabane elikwaziyo ukwenza umsebenzi ngendlela efanelekileyo ngokwejografi, hayi ngenye indlela. Ivenkile elungileyo iya kukubuza imibuzo emininzi njengoko usenzayo, kuba bayazi ukuba igama labo lenziwe ngoomatshini kuyo yonke indawo abayithumelayo.
