Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'intsimbi yokuphosa', baba nomfanekiso we-skillet enzima okanye iradiyetha yexesha le-Victorian. Obo bubuso boluntu. Kurhwebo, ngakumbi emva kwamashumi eminyaka njengoko siye sahlala kwi-QSY, ufunda ukuba kuncinci malunga nezinto ngokwazo kwaye ngakumbi malunga nomtshato phakathi kweempawu zentsimbi kunye nenkqubo yokuphosa ekhethiweyo ukuzisebenzisa. Eyona ngcamango iphosakeleyo? Ukuba yinto enye, iyunifomu. Ayiyo. Umsantsa ophakathi komzimba wevalvu yentsimbi ekufuneka imelane noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye ne-grey counterweight yentsimbi efuna nje ubunzima kunye nokuthomalalisa mkhulu, kwaye ukuvala eso sikhewu kulapho kwenzeka khona umsebenzi wokwenyani.
Umthi woSapho lwe-Iron Castings
Awukwazi ukuthetha ngevenkile intsimbi yokuphosa ngaphandle kokuyiqhekeza ngokukhawuleza. Intsimbi engwevu, i-ductile (i-nodular) intsimbi, isinyithi esithambileyo, i-graphite edibeneyo ... ngamnye unobuntu bakhe. I-iron engwevu, kunye neeflakes zayo zegraphite, ilungele ukushukuma okumanzi-cinga iziseko zoomatshini. Kodwa zama ukuyibeka phantsi koxinzelelo olumandla kwaye ezo flakes zisebenza njengeziqalo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Kulapho i-iron ductile ingena khona. Unyango lwe-magnesium oluyi-spheroidizes igraphite lutshintsha yonke into. Amandla okuqina ayaxhuma, ufumana ubude. Ngumdlalo-ukutshintsha iindawo ezibona imithwalo eguqukayo.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi kwangethuba, umthengi wayefuna i-hydraulic manifold entsonkothileyo kwinto ababeyibiza ngokuba yintsimbi eyintsimbi. Amaphepha achaza ibakala eliqhelekileyo. Sahlehla, sabuza malunga nemijikelo yoxinzelelo kunye nefuthe elinokubakho. Babengakhange bayiqwalasele. Sasenza imifanekiso ngentsimbi engwevu—yayisebenza kakuhle, yomelele. Kodwa uvavanyo loxinzelelo luveze ukuvuza kwe-micro-porosity ecaleni kwendlela yeflake. Satshintshela kwintsimbi ye-ferritic ductile, sahlengahlengisa uyilo lokungena ukuze siqinisekise ukubuyiswa okufanelekileyo kwe-magnesium. Kubanjwe umjikelo wesibini. Sifunda ntoni? Ukuchazwa kwentsimbi kuphantse kungabi namsebenzi ngaphandle kwesimaphambili.
Emva koko kukho ii-ayini ezidibeneyo. I-Nickel, i-chromium, izongezo ze-molybdenum. Ezi ayizizo nje ukuxhathisa umhlwa. Bazinzisa i-pearlite, bandise amandla kwaye banxibe ukuchasana kumaqondo okushisa aphakamileyo. Senze izindlu zokumpompa kwi-slurries e-abrasive nge-15-20% ye-nickel-chrome edityanisiweyo ye iron emhlophe. Ubunzima be-as-cast babunoburhalarhume, bude busondele kumatshini ngaphandle kokusila. Kufuneka uyilwe loo nto, cwangcisa inkqubo ejikeleze kuyo. Lirhamncwa elahlukileyo lilonke kumabanga aqhelekileyo.
Inkqubo iyalela iNdlela yokuSebenza: iShell vs. Investment
Kwivenkile yethu, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), siqhuba zombini i-shell mold kunye nemigca yokuphosa yotyalo-mali. Ukhetho phakathi kwabo malunga necandelo lentsimbi alukho malunga nomthamo okanye ixabiso; imalunga nejometri kunye nokuthembeka. Ukubumba iqokobhe, kusetyenziswa isanti eqatywe intlaka, kukunika umphezulu ogqwesileyo wokugqitywa kunye nokuchaneka komda xa kuthelekiswa nesanti eluhlaza. Igqwesile kwiindawo ezinobunzima obuphakathi njengezibiyeli ze-injini okanye izindlu zecompressor. Ii-engile zoyilo zingancinci, kwaye ugcine ukuhambelana okuhle.
Kodwa xa uneepaseji zangaphakathi, ii-undercuts, okanye iijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo ezinokuthi zifune iindibano ezingundoqo ezingenakwenzeka esantini, kulapho amanyathelo okugalela utyalo-mali. Siye savelisa ii-impellers kunye ne-injini yezindlu kwi-ductile iron ngale ndlela. Ukubanjiswa ngentsimbi kutyalo-mali? Konke malunga nokugalela. Ubushushu obuphezulu bentsimbi bokugalela xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi okanye i-superalloys igxininisa iqokobhe leceramic ngokwahlukileyo. Ufumana umngcipheko wokuphendula kweqokobhe lesinyithi, okunokwenzeka kwiziphene zomhlaba ukuba iqokobhe alibhakwanga ngokugqibeleleyo. Ifuna ulawulo oluluqilima kwi-dewax kunye nemijikelo ye-sintering onokuthi ubaleke ngokuba yi-sloppier kwinxalenye engenasici.
Ukusilela okuthe nca kum kukuqhutywa kwezindlu ezincinci zentsimbi ye-ductile nge-investment casting. Amalungu abonakala egqibelele, agqithise ukubonakala. Kodwa ngexesha lovavanyo loxinzelelo lomthengi, abambalwa bavuza. Sazahlula, safumana iinyembezi ezishushu ezincinci kufutshane nesiphambuka. Ingxaki yayikukungena. Sisebenzise uyilo olulungiselelwe uluhlu lokuqina kwentsimbi. I-iron, kunye nokuncipha kwayo okwahlukileyo kunye nokuziphatha kwekhabhoni, yayidinga ukuthamba okuthe chu okushushu kwindawo ethile. Silungise i-sprue kunye ne-runner layout, songeza i-chill encinci kumthi we-wax. Isonjululwe. Ngolo hlengahlengiso luchuliweyo lwenkqubo ethile olwahlula ukuphosa okusebenzisekayo koluthembekileyo.
Ukuxhawulana ngokuMachining: Ukuphosa i-CNC
Kulapho imodeli yethu edibeneyo kwi-QSY ihlawula khona. Awukwazi ukuqhawula umtshato inkqubo yokuphosa ukusuka machining elandelayo. Ukuphosa kusenokuvakala ngokwemilinganiselo, kodwa ukuba ineendawo ezinobulukhuni obungangqinelaniyo okanye ukushwabana okufihlakeleyo, kuya kutshabalalisa izixhobo kunye neendawo ezilahliweyo kumgangatho we-CNC. Siyila inkqubo yokuphosa kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa kunye namanqaku okuqala okuchukumisa engqondweni.
Nge intsimbi yokuphosa, ngakumbi i-iron engwevu, igraphite yasimahla isebenza njenge-lubricant. Iyakwazi ukwenzeka ngokubanzi. Kodwa ukuhluka kwinqanaba lokupholisa kwindawo ethile kunokukhokelela kwiindawo zentsimbi epholileyo (intsimbi emhlophe) kumacandelo amancinci okanye kufuphi nokubandayo. Loo mathiriyeli inzima kakhulu kwaye i-abrasive. Sakhe saba nebhetshi yemizimba yevalvu apho iflange, iphole ngokukhawuleza, yaphuhlisa umaleko obandayo. Yayihlafuna i-carbide inserts kwipasi enye. Ulungiso lwaluyinkqubo-icala: sihlengahlengise ubushushu obuthululwayo kancinane kwaye sabeka indawo ebandayo yokubumba ukukhuthaza ukupholisa okufanayo. Isivuno somatshini siye sanyuka.
Kwi-iron ductile, i-machinability igqwesileyo, kodwa i-chip iyahluka. Ithanda ukuqhekeka ibe mincinci, ilawulekayo yesi-6 kunye neyesi-9 kuneentambo ezinde. Kodwa udinga isixhobo esifanelekileyo sejometri kunye neengubo. Siye sabeka emgangathweni amabakala athile ukwenzela ukurhabaxa kunye nokugqiba iintsimbi eziphosiweyo kuwo onke amasebe ethu e-CNC. Ukuhambelana kwezinto zokuphosa ezingenayo-enkosi kwi-melting elawulwayo kunye ne-inoculation-yinto evumela ukuba sivale iiparameters ezizinzileyo zokuzinza. Ukuba i-chemistry okanye i-microstructure iyahluka ibhetshi ukuya kwibhetshi, iinkqubo zakho ze-CNC ziba ngumlo oqhubekayo wohlengahlengiso.
IiNuances zeMathiriyeli: Umbuzo wokuHlanganisa
Ngelixa ii-iron cast ezingenanto zigubungela i-80% yeemfuno, indawo yealloyi ekhethekileyo inomdla. Sithetha malunga ne-nickel-based okanye i-cobalt-based alloys egalelwe kwiimatriki ezilawulwa yintsimbi ukwenzela inkonzo egqithisileyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ufuna nje intsimbi elula kunye ne-tweak. Iintsimbi ze-silicon molybdenum zozinzo oluphakamileyo lobushushu, njengee-exhaust manifolds, ngumzekelo omhle.
Umceli mngeni ngentsimbi edibeneyo kukulawula ulwahlulo. Izinto ezixutywayo zinee-affinities ezahlukeneyo zekhabhoni, kwaye zinokutyhala ukubunjwa kwegraphite ngeendlela ezingalindelekanga ngexesha lokuqina. Awukwazi ukuphosa nje izinto kwiziko. Lulongezelelo olulandelelanayo, ngolawulo olucokisekileyo lobushushu. Sigcina iilogi ezineenkcukacha zolu bushushu-ixesha, ubushushu, umyalelo wokongezwa, uhlobo lwe-inoculant kunye nenani. Yinto iresiphi kakhulu njengenkqubo metallurgical.
Ndikhumbula ndivelisa i-iron ductile ye-silicon ephezulu yokusetyenziswa kwempompo yeekhemikhali ezonakalisayo. I-silicon iphucule ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion kodwa yenza ukuba intsimbi ibe brittle kwaye ithande ukuphosa uxinzelelo. Kuye kwafuneka siyilungelelanise kunye nomxholo ophezulu we-nickel ukuze sigcine ukuqina okuthile, kwaye siye safudukela kumjikelo owandisiweyo wokuphosa emva kokuphosa ukuze sinciphise uxinzelelo. Uphuhliso lwathatha izihlandlo ezithathu. Imathiriyeli yokugqibela ibingaphumi kulo naliphi na iphepha elisemgangathweni; yayilibakala lobunikazi elizalwa yingxaki ethile. Kulapho intsimbi yokuphosa isuka kwimveliso isiwe kwisisombululo esiyinjineli.
Umgangatho yiNkqubo, Hayi uHlolo
Awunakukwazi ukujonga umgangatho kwi-casting. Le yinkolelo engundoqo. Kwintsimbi, iqala ngezinto zokuhlawula-imbuyekezo, intsimbi yehagu, isinyithi esilahliweyo. Izinto ezingcolisayo ezifana nelothe okanye i-tin, nokuba zizixa-mali zomkhondo, zinokonakalisa isakhiwo segraphite kwi-iron ductile. Sikhupha kwaye sahlula ngokucokisekileyo.
Emva koko kukho ulawulo lwenkqubo. Ukugalela ubushushu kubalulekile, kodwa ke lixesha eliphakathi konyango kunye nokugalela. Kwi-iron ductile, i-magnesium fade iyinyani. Ukuba ulinda ixesha elide emva konyango lwe-nodular, ukulahleka komphunga we-magnesium kuyanda, ukubalwa kwe-nodule kuyehla, kwaye usengozini yokufumana igraphite ewohlokayo. Sinefestile engqongqo ukusuka kunyango ukuya kumngundo wokugqibela othululwayo. Ijongwe kubo bonke ubushushu.
Uvavanyo olungonakalisi ngumhlobo wakho. Sisebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zolwakhiwo ukujonga ukuncipha okanye ukubandakanywa. Kodwa olona vavanyo luxelayo luhlala lulula: ukusika kunye nohlalutyo lwe-microstructure. Senza oku rhoqo kumacandelo enqaku lokuqala kunye nophicotho olungacwangciswanga. Ukujonga ubume beqhuqhuva legraphite, ubungakanani, kunye nokuhanjiswa phantsi kwemakroskopu kukuxelela ngakumbi malunga nempilo yenkqubo kunayo nayiphi na i-dimensional check. Luphawu lweminwe yaloo nto yinyibilikayo kwaye ugalele. Emva kweminyaka engama-30, ufumana ukuziva. Unokujonga kwi-microstructure kwaye uphantse uqikelele ubushushu bokuthulula kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokutofa. Leyo yinto engabonakaliyo, icandelo lamava ekungekho phepha linokuthi libambe ngokupheleleyo. Yinto ejika isenzo se intsimbi yokuphosa ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuvelisa ukuya kwi-craft.
