Ubona intetho eninzi malunga nokusebenza kwempompo, uyilo lwe-impeller, amabakala ezinto eziphathekayo. Ingxowa? Ihlala iphathwa njengendlu engathethiyo, ingcamango yamva. Yimpazamo enkulu leyo. Enyanisweni, i ibhokisi yepompo sisitya soxinzelelo esiqulathe yonke into, siyalela iipatheni zokuhamba, siphathe uxhatshazo, kwaye sisoloko siyalela ishedyuli yogcino. Yifumane kakubi, kwaye eyona nto ibalaseleyo emhlabeni ayizukukusindisa.
Umbono ongeyiyo ongundoqo: Kukuphosa nje
Xa iinjineli spec a ibhokisi yepompo, umzobo uphuma kunye nezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokunyamezela. Ingqikelelo yeyokuba i-Foundry iyakuyigalela, ivenkile yomatshini iya kuyigqiba, kwaye iya kubhawulwa phezulu. Okwenyani kumdaka. Ukhetho phakathi kwesamente engatshintshiyo kunye nokubunjwa kweqokobhe, umzekelo, akukho malunga nokugqitywa komphezulu. Imalunga nemfezeko yangaphakathi. Ukuphosa kwesango elingekho kakuhle kunokushiya imimandla yoxinzelelo lwentsalela kanye kumqala wevolute. Awuyi kuyibona kwingxelo yokuhlola, kodwa uya kuyiva njenge-vibration eqhubekayo kwiindawo ezithile zokusebenza, ingxaki etyholwa kwi-rotordynamics iinyanga.
Ndifunde oku kabuhlungu kwiprojekthi yempompo yamanzi yokutya kwibhoyila kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. I-casings ichazwe kwi-duplex yensimbi engenasici yokumelana nokubola. I-Foundry ihanjiswe kushicilelo, ngokubonakalayo igqibelele. Kodwa ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-hydro-hydro, salila ukusuka kwicandelo elibonakala liqinile. I-NDT ifumene i-shrinkage cavity cluster, engenkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingaphumeleli kuvavanyo ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa indlela yokusilela eqinisekisiweyo phantsi kwebhayisekile eshushu. Oyena nobangela? Isiseko sokutya kunye noyilo lokunyuka kwaloo ngxubevange ethile kunye nobukhulu bodonga lwalunganelanga. Zazinkulu nge-CF8M eqhelekileyo, kodwa i-duplex yaziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngexesha lokuqiniswa. Leyo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo oyifumana kumthengisi oqonda isinyithi njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuphosa, hayi njengebhokisi yokukhangela eyahlukileyo.
Apha kulapho ubunzulu benkampani bubonisa. Ndibajongile ababoneleli abanjalo Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ukugxila kwabo ixesha elide kwi iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kunye nokufakwa kotyalo-mali kumacandelo achanekileyo, ngakumbi kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo, icebisa ukuba bakhe bajijisana nale mingeni yokuqina kwiiprojekthi ezininzi. Kwimeko ebalulekileyo ibhokisi yepompo kwi-alloy esekwe kwi-nickel yenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu, loo mava enkqubo yinto oyithengayo ngokwenene, hayi nje ukunyamezelana komatshini.
Machining: Apho ithiyori idibana neMzimba
Nokuba ngokuphosa okugqibeleleyo, isigaba somatshini sinokuzisa ukusilela kwaso. Impazamo yakudala kukuphatha i-casing njengendawo yokusebenza elula ekufuneka icinezelwe kwitafile ye-CNC. Icasing ayiqinanga; yijiyometri entsonkothileyo, enodonga olucekethekileyo. Ukulungiswa okungalunganga okanye ukusika okunamandla kunokukhulula uxinzelelo lwendalo, okubangela ukuba indawo ihambe emva kotyando lokuqala. Ugqibela ngobuso obune-flange obungesiso isikweri okanye iipateni zemingxuma yebholithi ezikhukulisekayo.
Ulandelelwano lubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaba uyayenza rhabaxa iprofayile yevolute ngaphambi okanye emva kokugqiba iflange kunye nokutywina ubuso? Kukho ingxoxo. Abanye oomatshini bakhetha ukuseka iimpawu zedatum kuqala ukusuka kwimeko yokuphosa. Abanye baxoxa ngokususa isambuku semathiriyeli yevolute ukuthomalalisa uxinzelelo, emva koko kulungiswe ukugqibezela machining. Ndizibonile zombini zisebenza kwaye zombini ziyasilela, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani becasing kunye nejometri. Ivenkile eyenza ukuphosa, njenge-QSY ngokudibeneyo CNC Machining amandla, inenzuzo enkulu. Banokucwangcisa yonke inkqubo ukusuka kwinqanaba lepateni, besazi kakuhle ukuba indawo iya kubanjwa kwaye isikwe njani, ngokunokuba nokuyila iilugi zokuphosa eziphindwe kabini njengezixhobo zokulungisa.
Emva koko kukho ukukruquka kwe-shaft bore kunye namagumbi okutywinwa. Oku kubonakala kuthe ngqo, kodwa ukugxila kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu apha yiyo yonke into yobomi betywina. Uphawu lokuncokola ongenakuluva ngozipho luya kutshabalalisa itywina lomatshini kwiiveki. Umchwephesha olungileyo uya kuba nemvakalelo yendlela yesixhobo esifanelekileyo, ukondla, kunye nesicelo sokupholisa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo-intsimbi ephosiweyo, i-316 engenasici, okanye i-gummy duplex. Asiyonkqubo nje.
IMaze yeMathiriyeli: Ngaphaya kweNtsimbi eNgatyiwayo
Ukuchaza intsimbi engatyiwa a ibhokisi yepompo ayinantsingiselo. Ngaba i-austenitic eqhelekileyo efana ne-304/316? I-martensitic efana ne-CA15 yokumelana nokhukuliseko? I-duplex ephezulu efana ne-2507 yeemekobume zekloridi? Okanye i-alloy esekelwe kwi-nickel efana ne-Inconel 625 yokushisa okukhulu kunye nokugqwala? Ngamnye uziphatha ngokungafaniyo ngexesha lokuphosa, umatshini, kunye nenkonzo.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yempompo yokupholisa amanzi olwandle apho i-spec yokuqala yayiyi-316L. Bekufanele ukuba isebenzile. Kodwa kumanzi athile echweba lechweba, anekloridi ephezulu kunye nomsebenzi webhayoloji, siye safumana umngxuma onzulu kunye nokukhula kwemingxuma kubuso begesi ngaphakathi konyaka. Ukulungiswa kwaba kukutshintshela kwi-super-grade super duplex. Ukubanjwa? I-Super duplex idume ngobuqhetseba ukuphosa kunye nokuphatha ubushushu ngokuchanekileyo ukugcina ibhalansi yesigaba sayo. Udinga isiseko esinokulawula ngokuchanekileyo izinga lokupholisa kunye nesisombululo se-annealing. Ukuba bayayiphosa, ufumana imvula yesigaba se-sigma, isenza izinto zibe brittle. Umthengisi onamava nge ialloys ezikhethekileyo, njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwipotifoliyo ye-QSY, ngokwendalo izakuba nemigaqo yoku. Bazazi iitshathi zokunyanga ubushushu kwezi mathiriyeli ngentloko.
Kwiinkonzo ezingonakalisi kangako kodwa ezinobuqhophololo-cinga i-slurry okanye ukuphatha umlotha-intsimbi ephoswe nge-nickel-chrome ejongene nobunzima kwiindawo ezithile inokuba lukhetho lwepragmatic. Isigqibo asikho malunga nolwelo kuphela; kumalunga nexabiso lilonke lobunini, ulinganisa ixabiso lemathiriyeli yokuqala ngokuchasene nobomi obulindelekileyo bokuguga kunye nexesha lolondolozo.
Ukudityaniswa kunye noVavanyo lweHlabathi lokwenyani
Ubungqina bokugqibela be-a ibhokisi yepompo ikwi-skid, iphantsi koxinzelelo. Apha kulapho yonke imiba efihliweyo ivela khona. Enye intloko engapheliyo kukuhlala gasket. I-flange flatness kumzobo yinto enye; ukuphumeza isipili, umhlaba ongenamaza ukunqumla kwiflange enkulu, engaqhelekanga yokuphosa emva komatshini yenye. Ndichithe iintsuku ngedayi eluhlaza kunye nescrapers ndihlala ngesandla kwiicasings ezinkulu ezivuzayo kuvavanyo lokuqala lwe-hydro ngenxa yesithsaba esincinci esiphakathi kobuso beflange. Ukugaya i-CNC yanamhlanje kufuneka ikuphelise oku, kodwa ukuphambuka kwesixhobo ekufikeleleni ixesha elide okanye uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lusenokubangela oko.
Enye inqaku lentlungu yokudibanisa yinto efanelekileyo kunye neengxenye zokugqoka zangaphakathi. Ucoceko phakathi kweringi yokunxiba kunye neringi yokunxiba i-impeller ibalulekile. Ukuba i-casing bore iyagqwetheka nasemva komatshini (kwakhona, isiqabu soxinzelelo), okanye ukuba i-casing ayixhaswanga ngokuchanekileyo xa ibotshelelwe kwisiseko sayo, olo xwebhu lunokuphuma ngaphandle, lubulale ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ugqibezele i-casing kunye nayo efakwe kwi-baseplate yayo, inyathelo elinzima kodwa eliyimfuneko kwiimpompo ezinkulu ezinamandla.
Olona phawu luxelayo lwecasing esemgangathweni? Indlela eziphatha ngayo ngexesha lokuhluthwa emva kweminyaka yenkonzo. Umntu olungileyo uya kubonisa nokuba unxibe kwi-volute. Umntu ohluphekileyo uya kuba neepatheni ezicacileyo zokukhukuliseka, imigodi ye-cavitation kwiindawo ezithile, okanye iintanda ezivela kugxininiso loxinzelelo kwiikona zangaphakathi ezibukhali-iikona ezimele ukuba zifakwe iifillet kodwa mhlawumbi zazingekho ngenxa yokwenza ipateni okanye ukulinganiselwa kwendibano engundoqo.
Ukuqukumbela: Umqolo Ongabonwayo
Ngoko ke, hayi ibhokisi yepompo ayiloqokobhe nje. Ngumda woxinzelelo olusisiseko, isikhokelo sokuhamba, kwaye kaninzi sisithintelo sokuthembeka. Umgangatho wayo ngumsebenzi othe ngqo wobuchule obudityanisiweyo obunzulu-kwi-metallurgy, uyilo lwenkqubo yokuphosa, umatshini wokuqonda uxinzelelo, kunye nolwazi olusebenzayo lokuhlanganisa. Awunakuyijonga ngoluhlu olulula lokukhangela. Ifuna iqabane lomthengisi elinamava athatha uhambo lonke ukusuka kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ukuya kwi-fit-up, uhlobo lokudityaniswa okuthe nkqo okuyifemu enamashumi eminyaka ukuphosa kunye nomatshini phuhlisa ngokwendalo. Umahluko awubonakali kwi-odolo yokuthenga; ibonakala ngexesha eliphakathi phakathi kokusilela kwisiza, ekuphela kwemetric ebaluleke ngokwenene.
