Uyabona i-QT400-18 kwi-spec, kwaye into yokuqala efika engqondweni idla ngokuba yintsimbi ye-ductile. Kodwa kulapho ukwenza lula kakhulu kuqala. I-400 MPa tensile kunye ne-18% yobude buncinci, umgca wokuqalisa, kungekhona ukuphela okuqinisekisiweyo. Enyanisweni, indlela ofika ngayo apho—ukunyibilika, ukutofa, ukupholisa umngundo—ibonisa ukuba unento enokuthenjwa ngokwenene okanye into nje engaziphawuliyo iibhokisi ephepheni. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu apho kugxilwe kuphela ekubetheni i-18% yolwandiso kwikhuphoni yovavanyo, ngelixa ukuphosa okwenyani, kunye nobukhulu bamacandelo ahlukeneyo, kuphelile ngeepropati ezingahambelaniyo. Leyo yincoko yokwenyani malunga ne-QT400-18.
Ubunyani obusebenzayo bokuchaza i-QT400-18
Xa injineli yoyilo ixela i-QT400-18, badla ngokujonga indibaniselwano yamandla afanelekileyo kunye nobuchule obufanelekileyo, rhoqo kwizindlu, izibiyeli, okanye imizimba yevalvu. Ingqikelelo yinto exolelayo. Kwaye kunokuba njalo. Kodwa uxolelo luvela kulawulo lwenkqubo ye-Foundry, hayi kwigama lebakala ngokwalo. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yemizimba yempompo esayifumana kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Iicerts bezigqibelele: 420 MPa, 19% elongation. Kodwa ngexesha lomatshini kwivenkile yethu yeqabane, ubomi besixhobo babuguquguquka. Ezinye iindawo zisikwe kakuhle, ezinye zibangele ukunxitywa kwezixhobo ezigqithisileyo. Ingxaki yayingengomndilili weempawu; yayiyi-microstructural inconsistency-ukwahluka kwi-nodule count kunye nomxholo we-pearlite ukuba ibha yovavanyo oluqhelekileyo ayizange ibambe.
Kungenxa yoko le nto ubudlelwane bexesha elide kunye ne-Foundry enobuchule bungenakuxoxisana. Ufuna umthengisi oqondayo ukuba ifestile yekhemistri ngokuhambelana QT400-18 iqinile kunokuba abaninzi becinga. Umxholo weSilicon, umzekelo, ubalulekile ekufakeni isichumiso kodwa uphezulu kakhulu buyawonakalisa ukuqina. Unyango lweMagnesium kufuneka lubekwe kwindawo. Sisenzo sokulinganisa. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye namashumi amathathu eminyaka ekujuleni, ngokwesiqhelo ezi parameters zicofelwe ngamava. Bayibonile indlela utshintsho oluchuliweyo kwireyishini yembuyekezo okanye ubushushu obuthululwayo buchaphazela ubume bokugqibela kwiqokobhe elintsonkothileyo okanye ukubumba kotyalo-mali.
Ubude be-18% ngumzekelo oqhelekileyo wento enokuthi ilahlekisa. Unokuyifezekisa nge-matrix ye-ferritic ngokupheleleyo, efanelekileyo yokumelana nempembelelo kumaqondo aphantsi. Kodwa unokuchwechwela udlule ngesakhiwo esixubeneyo ukuba i-ferrite ithambile ngokwaneleyo. Aba bamva banokuluphumelela uvavanyo lwe-tensile kodwa bangaphumeleli kwisicelo somthwalo wokwenyani wehlabathi. Isitshixo asikhankanyi nje ibakala, kodwa ngokufuthi imfuneko eyongezelelweyo njengobunzima obukhulu (i-HBW 170 okanye esezantsi yinto ekujoliswe kuyo ngokufanelekileyo) okanye ixabiso lempembelelo yeCharpy ukuba inxalenye ibona imithwalo eguquguqukayo. Oku kutyhala isiseko ukuba sijolise kulwakhiwo lwe-ferritic ngokwenene.
I-Machining QT400-18: Apho iTheory idibana neChip
Ephepheni, QT400-18 imele ukuba yenye yentsimbi ezilula kumatshini. Isakhiwo sayo se-ferritic sithambile. Kodwa ngokwentelekiso ligama elisebenzayo. Ukuba i-microstructure ayifani, ufumana iindawo ezinzima-iindawo ezincinci ze-pearlite okanye i-carbides-ezenza njenge-sandpaper kwizixhobo zakho zokusika. Umahluko phakathi kwebhetshi engaguqukiyo kunye noguquguqukayo unokuphinda kabini ixabiso lakho lesixhobo ngenxalenye. Akuqhelekanga ukuba uhlengahlengise ukutya kunye nezantya zenxalenye-ndlela yokubaleka, nto leyo eyothusayo yenkqubo ye-CNC kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo.
Kumsebenzi wethu wokwenza oomatshini, nakwinto endiyibonileyo kwiinkqubo zababoneleli abadityanisiweyo abafana ne-QSY abaphatha zombini ukuphosa kunye. CNC Machining, indlela yokwenza i-pre-emptive. Bahlala beqhuba ukutyhutyha ubulukhuni kwisampulu yokuphosa kwipateni entsha okanye emva kotshintsho olubalulekileyo lwenkqubo. Yitshekhi elula, kodwa ikuxelela ngakumbi malunga nobuchule kunengxelo ye-tensile ngamanye amaxesha. Injongo kukuphepha ukumangalisa kwiziko lomatshini. Ukuphosa okulungileyo ngokugqibeleleyo kunokonakaliswa kukungasebenzi kakuhle, okukhokelela kwiindawo ezilahliweyo kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluvuthelweyo.
Ukukhetha okupholileyo kunye nesicelo kuba yinto ebalulekileyo, nayo. Nangona i-iron i-ductile efanelekileyo, i-graphite isebenza njenge-chip-breaker kodwa inokukhokelela ekunxiweni kwe-abrasive. Isixokelelwano sokupholisa esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu esingena ngokufanelekileyo kwisithuba esisikiweyo kwaye sikhuphe iitshiphusi ezicolekileyo, ezinentambo (ewe, nentsimbi yeferritic inokuvelisa iitshiphusi ezinentambo) lutyalo-mali olunexabiso. Zezi nkcukacha zisebenzayo, ezikumgangatho wevenkile ezahlula inkcazo yemathiriyeli yethiyori kwilungu elinokwenziwa.
I-Shell Mold kunye ne-Advantage yoTyalo-mali lokuphosa
Apha kulapho inkqubo isebenzisana ngokwenene nezinto eziphathekayo. Xa usebenza kunye QT400-18 kwiinkqubo ezifana nokuphosa iqokobhe lokungunda okanye ukuphosa utyalo-mali, apho i-QSY isebenza khona, ufumana uluhlu olwahlukileyo lwemingeni kunye neenzuzo xa kuthelekiswa nokuphosa kwesanti eluhlaza. Ukugqitywa komgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuchaneka komda kwezi nkqubo zizinto eziphambili, ezihlala zinciphisa isibonelelo sesitokhwe somatshini. Kodwa amazinga okupholisa akhawulezayo ahambelana nokubumba iqokobhe, umzekelo, anokukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-carbide okanye i-pearlite ecolekileyo, enokuthi inyuse ubulukhuni kunye nobude ezantsi.
I-Foundry kufuneka ibuyekeze oku. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukulungelelanisa isicwangciso se-inoculation-mhlawumbi usebenzisa i-inoculant late-stream inoculant kunye nezinto ezinamandla zokukhuthaza i-ferrite. Ndiye ndabandakanyeka kwiiprojekthi apho sitshintshe inxalenye ukusuka kwisanti eluhlaza ukuya kwi-shell mold ukwenzela ukunyamezela okungcono, kwaye ukugalela okumbalwa kokuqala kuphume kunzima kakhulu. Kwafuneka sisebenze emva kunye ne-metallurgist ukuze sidibanise i-silicon kunye ne-inoculation ukuze sibuyele kuloo nto ithambileyo, i-ferritic. QT400-18 ulwakhiwo nangona uqina olukhawulezayo. Yinkqubo eqhelekileyo-intsebenziswano yezinto eziphathekayo.
Kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo, ezinodonga oluncinci kwiivalvu okanye ii-actuators, olu lawulo luyinto yonke. Ukuphoswa kotyalo-mali, kunye neqokobhe layo leceramic, libonelela ngenkululeko enkulu yejometri kodwa libonisa imingeni efanayo yokupholisa. Amava e-Foundry ekulawuleni ezi ziphumo ze-microstructural kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo yinto oyihlawulelayo ngokwenene. Ayikokwenza nje imilo; imalunga nokwenza imilo ngeempawu ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo zemathiriyeli.
Iindlela zokungaphumeleli kunye neTrap eLungileyo eyaneleyo
Esinye sezifundo ezibiza kakhulu sicinga ukuba i-QT400-18 isoloko ilukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezingabalulekanga. Ndibone izibiyeli kunye nezixhobo ezenziwe kuyo zisilela kukudinwa, hayi ngenxa yokuba umthwalo uphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yobuntununtunu obungachazwanga. I-matrix ye-ferritic inamandla aphantsi okudinwa xa kuthelekiswa namandla ayo okuqina. Ukuba kukho ikona elibukhali okanye uphawu lomatshini kwindawo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukuqhekeka kunokuqalisa. Ibakala elinje nge-QT500-7, kunye nolwakhiwo lwepearlitic, lihlala lisebenza ngcono ukudinwa kwiindawo ezilayishwe ngamandla, nokuba nobude obuphantsi.
Omnye umgibe yi-embrittlement yobushushu obuphantsi. Ngelixa i-iron ye-ferritic ductile ineempawu ezilungileyo zobushushu obuphantsi ngokubanzi, umgangatho ombi wesinyithi kunye nokungcola okugqithisileyo okanye i-micro-shrinkage ingaba brittle. Saba necala kunye nezindlu zoomatshini zangaphandle ezaqhekeka kwi-snap ebandayo. Izinto eziphathekayo zaqinisekiswa njenge QT400-18, kodwa uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli lubonise ukuxinana okuphezulu kwe-oxide inclusions esebenza njengokunyusa uxinzelelo. I-Foundry isebenzise ipesenti ephezulu yezinto ezilahliweyo ezingalungiswanga kakuhle. Isifundo sasicacile: umgangatho webakala awuwunyibilikisi umgangatho wamapolisa. Udinga umthengisi onolawulo olungqongqo lwentlawulo kunye nezenzo zokunyibilika zokucoca.
Apha kulapho ubuchule obuphangaleleyo bomthengisi bubalulekile. Inkampani ekwasebenza ngeealloyi ezikhethekileyo, njenge-nickel-based okanye i-cobalt-based alloys ekhankanywe kwipotifoliyo ye-QSY, kusenokwenzeka ukuba inendlela eqeqeshekileyo yokulawula iziko kunye nolawulo lwekhemistri kuyo yonke ibhodi. Olo qeqesho luhluza ukuya kwimveliso yabo yamabanga aqhelekileyo afana ne-QT400-18, okukhokelela ekucoceni, isinyithi esithembekileyo.
Iingcinga zokuGqukumbela: Yingxoxo, Hayi iMonologue
Ngoko ke, ukucacisa i-QT400-18 akufanele kube yinto yokungena kumgca omnye kumzobo. Kufuneka ibe sisiqalo sengxoxo kunye nomthengisi wakho. Imibuzo ibalulekile: Yeyiphi eyona njongo yakho ye-microstructure kweli bakala? Uyilawula njani inxalenye yam yejiyometri? Luthini uluhlu lwakho lobunzima obuqhelekileyo? Ngaba unokubonelela ngeengcebiso zoomatshini? Iimpendulo ziya kukuxelela ngakumbi malunga nomsebenzi wehlabathi lokwenyani kunokuba idata iya kuze ikwenze.
Ixabiso lomthengisi odibeneyo-onokulandela izinto ezivela eziko ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo yomatshini-ayinakugqithiswa. Babona yonke ikhonkco lonobangela-kunye-nesiphumo. Umba womatshini ulanda umva kumcimbi wokuphosa, olanda umva kwinkqubo yeparamitha. Le ngxelo ivaliweyo yindlela ofikelela ngayo ukungaguquguquki. Kwizinto eziphathekayo ezifana ne-QT400-18, apho ifestile yepropati ibanzi kwaye umtyholi kwiinkcukacha ze-microstructural, loo nto ihambelanayo ngumahluko phakathi kwecandelo elikhoyo kunye nelisebenza ngokuthembekileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, i-QT400-18 lihashe elisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa ayisiyiyo into engagqibekanga. Lukhetho olufuna ukuqonda kunye nolawulo. Yiphathe ngaloo ntlonipho, iqabane kunye nesiseko esenza okufanayo, kwaye uya kufumana izinto ezihlala zihleli, ezinobuchule othembele kuzo. Nantoni na encinci inethemba lokuba amanani ephepheni aguqulela kwintsimbi esandleni sakho.
