Makhe sithethe ngayo isanti ephosa intsimbi engatyiwayo. Uninzi lwabantu luva intsimbi engatyiwayo kwaye ngoko nangoko bacinge ngokuchaneka, bacinge ngokwenziwa kotyalo-mali, bacinge ukugqiba okugudileyo. Ukugalelwa kwesanti kubekelwa ecaleni njengomzala orhabaxa, omdaka. Yimpazamo leyo. Yinkqubo esebenzayo ngokugqibeleleyo kuluhlu olukhulu lwamacandelo, kodwa kufuneka ulazi ulwimi lwayo. Uyilo lwenkqubo yokungena, ukwakheka kwesanti-ingakumbi kwezi ngxubevange-lirhamncwa elahlukileyo kwintsimbi engwevu. Awunakuvele ugalele i-304 kumngundo wesanti eluhlaza okwenzelwe ukugquma umngxuma kwaye ulindele umlingo. I-fluidity yahlukile, i-shrinkage inobundlongondlongo, kwaye ukuba ufumana ukupholisa okungalunganga, uzivalela kuxinzelelo okanye okubi ngakumbi, udala iinyembezi ezishushu ezibonakala kuphela emva komatshini. Ndiyibonile isenzeka. Umxhasi wake wanyanzelisa kumzimba omkhulu, ontsonkothileyo wevalvu ngokusebenzisa isanti, ngokuchasene nengcebiso. Isiphumo? Ukuphosa okubukekayo okuhle okuqhekeke phantsi koxinzelelo lwawo lobushushu ngexesha lokupholisa. Yayikhangeleka igqibelele kumphezulu, kodwa yayisisilaphu. Nantso into yokuphosa isanti ngaphandle kwe-stainless: umda wempazamo kuyilo lwenkqubo uncinci.
IMbonakalo Engafaniyo Yezinto
Ngoko kutheni kukho umkhethe? Ndicinga ukuba yehla ukugqiba kunye nokuchaneka. Ukubunjwa kotyalo-mali, ukubumba iqokobhe-zikunika iinxalenye ezikufutshane ne-net-shape, ngamanye amaxesha zilungele ukudibanisa kunye nomsebenzi omncinci. Ukugaywa kwesanti kukunika indawo erhabaxa, rhoqo ngesibonelelo esinzima sokugqiba. Kuninzi lwevolyum ephezulu, iindawo ezincinci ezingenastainless, yinkcitho leyo. Uhlawula kumatshini izinto ezininzi ezibizayo. Kodwa apho ukuchithwa kwesanti kukhanya kwi-one-offs, i-prototypes, i-volume low-volume enkulu. Cinga ngezindlu zempompo, ii-turbine casings, ii-impellers ezinkulu, okanye izinto zokwakha. Sithetha ngamaqhekeza anobunzima obususela kwi-50kg ukuya kwiitoni ezininzi. Ukuzama ukwenza isakhelo sesiseko se-500kg koomatshini bemizi-mveliso ngokufaka utyalo-mali kuyaphambana ngokwezoqoqosho. Isanti yeyona ndlela isebenzayo.
Undoqo kukulawula okulindelweyo. Umphezulu uya kuba neempawu zegritty texture. Ukunyamezela kweDimensional kubanzi, cinga ±2mm kwi-500mm dimension njengesikhokelo esirhabaxa, kuxhomekeke kwisakhono se-Foundry. Uyila ukusebenza kuqala, hayi ubuhle. Kwaye kufuneka, kufuneka, ubandakanye isiseko sokuqala. Uyilo lwepateni luyinto yonke. Ii-engile zokuyila, izibonelelo zokucutheka-kwi-stainless, sisebenzisa umthetho we-patternmaker malunga ne-2.1% ukuya kwi-2.4%, kodwa iyahluka ngokwebakala. I-316L iya kuziphatha ngokwahlukileyo kwi-CF8M (i-cast equivalent) ngexesha lokuqiniswa. Ukuba uthumela imodeli yeCAD egqityiweyo kwivenkile kwaye uthi yenza oku, ngaphandle kokubonisana kwenkqubo, ucela ingxaki.
Kulapho amava avela kwivenkile ejongene neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo axabiseke kakhulu. Thatha inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ungawufumana umsebenzi wabo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ekujuleni nasekusebenzeni, bayibonile yonke loo nto-ukungunda kweqokobhe, utyalo-mali, kwaye ewe, ukuphosa isanti kwimathiriyeli. Olo lwazi lwenkqubo enqamlezileyo lubalulekile. Abayi kujonga nje ushicilelo lwentsimbi engatyiwayo baze balinyanzele ukuba libe ngumbumba wesanti. Baza kuvavanya ijometri, imfezeko efunekayo, umthamo, kwaye bacebise eyona nkqubo ilungileyo yezobugcisa nezoqoqosho. Ngamanye amaxesha impendulo yesanti iphosa imilo erhabaxa kwaye emva koko basebenzise oomatshini babo bangaphakathi be-CNC ukubetha unyamezelo oluqinileyo kwiibhore okanye ubuso. Loo ndlela idibeneyo yindlela owenza ngayo isanti ephosa intsimbi engatyiwayo sebenza ngokuthembekileyo.
I-Nitty-Gritty: Ukugada, uKutyisa, kunye neSanti ngokwayo
Kulungile, masingene ekhula. Ukugalela i-stainless, ngakumbi amabakala e-austenitic afana ne-304/316, akufani nokugalela intsimbi ye-carbon. Imfutshane—incindi encinci. Iqina ngokukhawuleza kuluhlu, yenze indawo ye-mushy. Oku kuyenza ithande ukucutheka porosity ukuba ayityiswanga kakuhle. Uyilo lwakho lwesikhuphukeli lubaluleke kakhulu. Kufuneka zibe nkulu, zibekwe ngobuchule ngakumbi, kwaye zihlale zishushu ixesha elide kunokuba ubuqhele ukuqhela. Ukugodola ngumhlobo wakho ukunyanzela ukuqinisa umkhombandlela. Sihlala sisebenzisa i-iron okanye i-copper ingqele ebekwe kwindawo engqindilili ukukhupha ubushushu ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza ukuba intsimbi iqine ukuya kwisikhuphukeli.
Emva koko kukho isanti. Isanti ye-silica iqhelekile, kodwa ngenxa ye-stainless, uhlala ubona i-zircon okanye isanti ye-chromite esetyenziswe kwinqanaba elijongene nalo. Ngoba? I-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal. Itsala ubushushu kwintsimbi ngokukhawuleza, ikhuthaza ukwakheka okuziinkozo okucokisekileyo kunye nokuqina, indawo exineneyo kwi-casting. Ibiza kakhulu, kodwa kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo, ayixoxiswana. Inkqubo yokubopha ibalulekile nayo. Iisanti ezibotshelelwe ngamachiza (njenge-furan okanye i-phenolic urethane) ziqhelekile kwi-stainless. Zikunika iimolds ezinamandla, uzinzo olungcono lwe-dimensional, kwaye unokwenza ii-cores ezinzima ngakumbi. I-Greensand ingasetyenziselwa iimilo ezilula, kodwa iziphene ezinxulumene nokufuma okufana nemingxuma yerhasi okanye imingxuma evuthelayo zingumngcipheko wokwenene ngamaqondo obushushu aphumayo angenastainless aphezulu (amalunga no-°C nge-304).
Intloko esebenzayo? Ukutshisa. Apho isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sidibana neenkozo zesanti kumphezulu. Kuliphupha elibi ukulisusa, elisoloko lifuna ukusila ngokurhabaxa okanye ukudutyulwa, okunokusebenza-lukhuni umphezulu. Idla ngokuba luphawu lokungalungiswa kakuhle kwesanti okanye isanti/isibophelelo esingalunganga. Ufunda ukubona iimeko ezibangela loo nto—isanti icoleke kakhulu, akukho ndawo yokuphuma umoya ngokwaneleyo, ubushushu bentsimbi buphezulu kakhulu. Ngomnye wale miba esemgangathweni eyahlula i-Foundry efanelekileyo ukusuka kwelungileyo.
Emva kokuSasa: Umsebenzi wokwenyani uhlala uQalisa
Nantsi enye inyani yokukhangela. Xa ukuphosa kuphuma kwi-shakeout, umsebenzi wakho mhlawumbi uphelile. Kuya kufuneka uwanqumle amasango kunye nokunyuka, apho ku-stainless kunzima. I-Plasma arc okanye i-abrasive cutting isemgangathweni. Emva koko kukho unyango lobushushu. Uninzi lwamacandelo e-santi-cast stainless aya kufuna unyango lwe-annealing yesisombululo. Oku kubandakanya ukufudumeza ukuya kutsho ku-°C, ukubamba, kwaye emva koko ukucima ngokukhawuleza emanzini okanye emoyeni. Oku kunyibilikisa nayiphi na i-chromium carbides eyenziwe ngexesha lokupholisa okucothayo kumngundo (okunokukhokelela kwimiba ye-sensitization kunye ne-corrosion) kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Ukutsiba eli nyathelo yimpazamo eqhelekileyo, eyintlekele kumalungu enzelwe inkonzo eyonakalisayo.
Emva kokunyanga ubushushu, uhlala ufumanisa ukuphazamiseka. Iimfazwe zokuphosa. Iphantse yaqinisekiswa. Yiyo loo nto ushiya eso sibonelelo somatshini onesisa. Apha kulapho ubambiswano kunye nevenkile yoomatshini ibaluleke kakhulu. Inkampani eyenza zombini ukuphosa kunye nomatshini, njenge-QSY, inenzuzo enkulu. Bayazi ukuba inxalenye iya kuhamba njani kunyango lobushushu, bayazi ukuba bangasishiya phi isitokhwe esongezelelweyo, kwaye banokusilungisa ngokuchanekileyo kumatshini. Ukuzama ukufumana isanti ephothiweyo ukuba ihlale kanye kwi-CNC vise kwivenkile yomatshini enganxulumananga yindlela yokupheka yamalungu alahliweyo kunye neengxabano.
I-NDT lelinye inyathelo elibalulekileyo, kwaye elihlala lijongelwa phantsi, inyathelo. Kwiindawo ezinexinzelelo, uvavanyo lwe-radiographic (RT) okanye uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic (UT) lucacisiwe. Kodwa kwiindawo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso ngokubanzi, uvavanyo lwedayi elungileyo lokungena (PT) bubuncinane obuncinane bokukhangela ukuqhekeka komphezulu okanye iporosity. Amasango kunye neendawo zokunyuka zoqhagamshelwano zezona ndawo ziphambili zokuqalisa ukuqhekeka. Uzigaye ngokugungxula, emva koko PT. Andikwazi ukubala ukuba mangaphi amaxesha okuphoswa okubonakala kugqibelele kubonise ukuqhekeka kweenwele ngqo kwintamo yokunyuka emva kwe-PT. Linyathelo eliyimfuneko, elithobekileyo.
Uwukhetha nini: Umthi weSigqibo sePragmatic
Ke, uyitsala nini i-trigger kwisanti yokugalela i-stainless? Masibe pragmatic. Okokuqala, ubukhulu kunye nobunzima. Ukuba ingaphezulu kwe-100kg kunye nobungakanani obuphantsi (masithi, ngaphantsi kwamaqhekeza angama-50), ukugalelwa kwesanti yinto ekhuphisanayo ephezulu. Okwesibini, ijometri. Ngaba ivulekile? Ngaba ungayikhupha ipateni ngaphandle kwesigidi esintsonkothileyo, iicores ezibuthathaka? Iipaseji ezintsonkothileyo zangaphakathi zinokukutyhalela kwiqokobhe okanye kutyalo-mali, nokuba yinxalenye enkulu. Okwesithathu, yintoni eyona nto ibalulekileyo? Ngaba i-bollard yokuhlobisa okanye i-valve ephezulu yoxinzelelo? Ulawulo lwekhwalithi, uhlobo lwesanti, kunye nenqanaba le-NDT liya kwahluka ngokungaqhelekanga, elichaphazela iindleko.
Okwesine, kwaye oku kukhulu: ixesha lokukhokela kunye neendleko zepateni. Kwixesha elinye, ukwakha umzobo ogcweleyo weplanga okanye urethane kuyabiza kwaye kuthatha ixesha. Apha kulapho ubuchwephesha bangoku obufana nokubumba kwesanti eprintiweyo ye-3D kungena khona. Uyigqitha ipateni ngokupheleleyo. Shicilela i-mold kunye ne-core ngqo kwi-CAD. Ngumdlalo-umtshintshi weprototypes kunye ne-complex one-offs. Ixabiso leyunithi liphezulu, kodwa iindleko zokuseta kunye nexesha ziyancipha. Ndiyakrokrela ukuba iziseko zokucinga phambili ziyayidibanisa le nto. Ivenkile enombono obanzi weshishini, njenge-QSY, esebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphosa kunye ne-CNC, ibekwe kakuhle ukucebisa malunga nokuba ukwenza ipateni yemveli okanye ushicilelo oluthe ngqo lunengqiqo kunikezelo. isanti ephosa intsimbi engatyiwayo iprojekthi.
Okokugqibela, qwalasela lonke ikhonkco lexabiso. Ngaba uthenga nje i-casting, okanye ufuna icandelo eligqityiweyo, elinomatshini? Ukuba yeyokugqibela, ukufumana kumthengisi omnye olawula ukuphosa, unyango lobushushu, kunye nomatshini kunciphisa iintloko ezibuhlungu, ukukhomba umnwe umgangatho, kwaye rhoqo ixabiso lilonke. Ukudityaniswa kweenkonzo luncedo olukhulu ekwenzeni amacandelo esanti angasebenziyo asebenze ekusetyenzisweni kokugqibela, hayi njengezithuba ezirhabaxa.
Iingcamango Zokuqukumbela: Sisixhobo, Akunjalo
Jonga, isanti ephosa intsimbi engatyiwayo ayimhle. Ayizukukunika isipili esigqityiweyo sokuphoswa kwewax elahlekileyo. Ifuna intlonipho yenkqubo, intsebenziswano enzulu phakathi komyili kunye nesiseko, kunye nokuqonda ukuba uninzi lweendleko zokugqibela zenxalenye kunye nomgangatho ziya kumiselwa kwinqanaba lomatshini kunye nokugqiba. Yinkqubo yokwenziwa kwesiseko, eyona nto ingcono ekudaleni amathambo anzima, olwakhiwo lwezixhobo.
I-takeaway ayifanele ibe kukuyinqanda, kodwa kukuzibandakanya nayo ngobukrelekrele. Iqabane kunye nabasunguli abanamava angqiniweyo kunye ne-alloy, cela ukubona umsebenzi ofanayo, ukuqonda amandla abo kuyilo lokungena kunye neenkqubo zesanti. Kwaye ucinge ngamandla ababoneleli ababonelela ngendlela edityanisiweyo ethe nkqo ukusuka kumngundo ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo. Isusa iprojekthi emngciphekweni kakhulu. Kwisicelo esifanelekileyo, kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo oluchanekileyo, i-sand-cast stainless component iyomelele ngokumangalisayo kwaye ineendleko. Imalunga nokukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo somsebenzi, hayi ukunyanzela yonke indawo engenabala ukuba ibe kweyona mold echanekileyo-kunye neendleko eziphezulu.
