Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'umatshini ochaneke kakhulu', ngoko nangoko bacinga ngokunyamezela. Uyazi, ±0.001 okanye ±0.0002 iicallouts kumzobo. Leyo yinxalenye yayo, kodwa kulula ukuyichaza. Owona mceli mngeni, inxalenye eyohlula ivenkile enokuthi iyenze kulowo unokuzisa ngokuqhubekayo, uhlala kwizinto ezingabonakaliyo. Kukuzinzo kwe-thermal yesixhobo somatshini kwisithuba seyure ezisi-8, iiyantlukwano ezincinci kwibhetshi ye-17-4 PH engenasici, kunye nendlela inxalenye egqwesa ngayo xa uyikhulula ekugqibeleni emva kokugqiba ukugqiba. Iivenkile ezininzi, ngakumbi ezo zintsha kumsebenzi wokunyamezelana okuphezulu, zilungiswa kwiispekthi zoomatshini-izikali zomgca, iingxelo zokulinganisa i-laser. Ezo litikiti nje lokungena. Umsebenzi wokwenyani uqala emva kokufakwa komatshini.
Isiseko: Iqala phambi kokuba i-Spindle ijike
Awunako ukubophelela i-spindle enesantya esiphezulu kwisiseko esishukumayo kwaye ulindele imimangaliso. Oku ndakufunda kabuhlungu kwasekuqaleni. Sasineprojekthi efuna iimpawu zokusila kwi-nickel-based alloy component kwi-fluid control system. Imizobo yayifuna ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye nokunyamezelwa kwendawo, ngokunyanisekileyo, eyayisoyikisa. Sasine-5-axis mill ekwaziyo, kodwa siye sahlala sifumana iziphumo ezingahambelaniyo kwinxalenye yesithathu okanye yesine kwibhetshi. Amaxabiso enkunkuma ayesibulala.
Impumelelo ayizange ivele kwi-tweaking feeds kunye nezantya. Yavela ekujongeni phantsi. Lo matshini wawukwi slab eqhelekileyo yomzi-mveliso, kodwa wawukufuphi nomnyango webheyi yokulayisha. Ngomzuzu i-forklift iqhubela phambili, okanye naxa inkqubo ye-HVAC iqalisa, sabona ukungcangcazela-phantse kungabonakali, kodwa okwaneleyo ukubonisa njengophawu oluncinci lwencoko okanye idimensional drift kwi-probe. Sagqiba ekubeni sifakele isiseko esikhethekileyo, esikwanti saloo matshini, siwuqhawula kuwo wonke umgangatho womzi-mveliso. Yayiyinkqubo ebiza imali eninzi, ephazamisayo, kodwa yayikuphela kwendlela yokuphelisa olo tshintsho. Elo licala elingenamdla ukuchaneka okugqithisileyo: ngamanye amaxesha eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yikhonkrithi.
Apha kulapho amava kwisayensi yezinto eziphathekayo iba yinto engaxoxiswana ngayo. Ukusebenza ngee-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-Inconel okanye i-cobalt-chrome ayikona nje ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezinzima. Kumalunga nokuqonda ukuba uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lwemathiriyeli ukusuka kwinkqubo yokuphosa okanye yokubumba iya kusabela njani xa uqala ukususa izinto. Ndibone iindawo ezinomatshini owenziwe kakuhle iintsuku emva kokuphuma kumatshini njengoko uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lulungelelana kwakhona. Ngoku, sihlala sibandakanya amanyathelo okunciphisa uxinzelelo phakathi kwenkqubo, okanye ukuyila ukulungiswa ukuvumela intshukumo eqikelelwayo, elawulwayo. Ngumdaniso phakathi kwenkumbulo yentsimbi kunye nendlela yesixhobo.
I-Paradox yeSixhobo: Xa uMbambi ebaluleke ngaphezu komsiki
Thetha naliphi na i-machinist malunga ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye incoko ijika ngokukhawuleza kwisixhobo. Kodwa kukho umngxunya oqhelekileyo: utyalo-mali olugqithisileyo kwisixhobo sokusika ngokwaso ngelixa utyeshela yonke into enyukayo. Ukudibanisa phakathi kwe-spindle kunye ne-edge yokusika yikhonkco yephutha elinokwenzeka. Iprimiyamu, i-sub-micron tolerance end mill ayinamsebenzi ukuba ihleli kwikholethi egugileyo okanye isibambi esinonxibelelwano olubi.
Siye sabeka emgangathweni wokuchaneka okuphezulu, izibambi zezixhobo ezizinzileyo kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Umahluko ekubalekeni kunye nokuphindaphinda kwabonakala ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi ekugqibeni imisebenzi. Kodwa esona sifundo sasikulawulo. Kuye kwafuneka ukuba siphumeze uhlengahlengiso olungqongqo kunye neshedyuli yogcino lwenkqubo yezixhobo ngokwayo. Asiyoseti kwaye uyilibale i-asethi. Ukutshintsha kobushushu evenkileni, nokuba neempembelelo ezincinci, zinokuchaphazela ukugxila komnini. Ngoku, ukujonga kunye nokubhala isibambi esibalekayo sisiqhelo njengokutshintsha ufakelo.
Ukupholisa ayiseyonto yokukhupha itshiphu kunye nokupholisa kuphela. Enyanisweni ukuchaneka okugqithisileyo umsebenzi, ngakumbi ngee-alloys zangaphandle, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye noxinzelelo lokuhanjiswa kwesipholisi kunokuchaphazela imfezeko yomphezulu kunye nobomi besixhobo. Sasinecala kunye ne-316L yecandelo elingenasici apho sasihlala sifumana i-microscopic pitting kwindawo yokutywina ebalulekileyo. Emva kokudinwa kwendlela yesixhobo kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo zesixhobo, sijonge kwindawo yokupholisa. Kwavela ukukhula okuncinci kwebhaktiriya (into ongayi kuyibona xa urhabaxa) yayichaphazela i-lubricity kwindawo yokusika. Ukutshintshela kwirejimeni yokupholisa ezinzileyo, engqongqo, kusonjululwe. Ziziphumo zolandelelwano lwesibini kunye neyesithathu ezilawula inkqubo.
Umlinganiselo yiNkqubo, hayi ukuJonga okokugqibela
Oku kunokuba lolona tshintsho lukhulu kwingqondo. Kumatshini oqhelekileyo, umatshini umatshini, emva koko uyawulinganisa. Kumsebenzi ochaneke kakhulu, umlinganiselo udityanisiwe, uhlala ukwinkqubo. Ukuhlola kumatshini asinto ilula; yimfuneko yokuhlawulela ukukhula kobushushu bomatshini okanye inxalenye. Kodwa naloo nto inemida yayo.
Sityale imali kwi-CMM ephezulu ukuze siqinisekiswe okokugqibela, kodwa sakhawuleza saqonda ukuba iimfuno zayo zokusingqongileyo zazingqongqo njengeeseli zomatshini. Ihlala kwindawo yayo ebiyelweyo elawulwa bubushushu. Into eyothusayo yayiyi-artifact yokulinganisa-inqanaba eliphambili esilisebenzisayo ukufaneleka iCMM. I-diameter yayo eqinisekisiweyo ine-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal. Ukuba asizange sivumele i-sphere ukuba ihambelane nobushushu begumbi le-CMM kangangexesha elimiselweyo phambi kokuba kuqhutywe uhlengahlengiso olubalulekileyo, sasingenisa impazamo kwelona nqanaba lisisiseko. Sisikhumbuzo esithobekileyo sokuba yonke ikhonkco kwikhonkco ibalulekile.
Ngamanye amaxesha, unyamezelo olufunekayo lutyhala ngaphaya kwamandla e-CMM ebambekayo. Kwizinto ezithile ezibonayo okanye eziwulwelo, kuye kwafuneka sisebenzisane neelebhu ezisebenzisa i-interferometers zokukhanya okumhlophe okanye zilungelelanise umlinganiselo weemakroskopu. Okuthathayo kukuba kufuneka uyazi imida ye-metrology yakho kwaye ube nesicwangciso esicacileyo sento elele ngaphaya. Awunakuqinisekisa i-0.1-micron Ra umphezulu ogqityiweyo ngeprofilometer ephathwa ngesandla.
Umba obalulekileyo: Ukusuka kwiCasa ukuya kwiNdawo egqityiweyo
Apha kulapho indlela edibeneyo ethe nkqo ibonisa ixabiso layo. Thatha inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ekujuleni nasekusebenzeni, babona lonke uhambo. Xa ujonge ukuchaneka okugqithisileyo kwicandelo lokuphoswa, awukwazi ukuphatha isiteji somatshini njengesiqithi. Umgangatho kunye nokungaguquguquki kokusalwa kokuqala-nokuba kukubumba kwabo okukhethekileyo kweqokobhe okanye utyalo-mali-kuseta isilingi kwinto enokwenzeka kwiseli ye-CNC.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi ebandakanya indlu yempompo eyinkimbinkimbi kwi-duplex stainless steel. Inxalenye yayifuna iisilinda ezinzulu, ezichanekileyo ezibhodlokileyo ezinomphezulu oqinileyo. I-Foundry (hayi i-QSY kulo mzekelo) yazisa iicastings ezikhangeleka kakuhle ngokubonakalayo. Kodwa xa sisenza oomatshini, sasibetha kwiindawo ezinzima kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sityhwatyhwe izixhobo ezikruqulayo ezikruqulayo size silahle neendawo eziphantse zagqitywa. Ingxaki ibikukungangqinelani kwi-microstructure yokusasa. Ukuba inkqubo ye-Foundry ayilawulwa ukondla iimfuno zobuchule obuchanekileyo-ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ubulukhuni obufanayo-umatshini ulwa idabi esele lilahlekile.
Ivenkile efana ne-QSY, elawula zombini ukuphosa kunye ne CNC Machining phantsi kophahla olunye, inenzuzo ebalulekileyo. Amaqela abo omatshini anokubonelela ngengxelo ngokuthe ngqo kwisiseko sabo malunga nendlela ibhetshi yomatshini wokuphosa. Banokulungelelanisa isango lokungena, amazinga okupholisa, okanye unyango lobushushu ukuze bavelise ukuphosa okungesiso isandi nje esinemilinganiselo, kodwa ekwaziyo ukuchaneka kakhulu. Le loop yempendulo ayibonakali kumthengi wokugqibela kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthembekeni nasekulawuleni iindleko. Ijika inkqubo ukusuka kuthotho lwe-handoffs ibe yinkqubo eqhubekayo, ephuculweyo.
Umba woLuntu kwiHlabathi eliziSebenzisayo
Ngayo yonke le ntetho yoomatshini, i-metrology, kunye nezixhobo, kulula ukulibala umdwelisi kunye nomsebenzisi. I-automation iyamangalisa ukuphindaphinda, kodwa uphuhliso lwenkqubo yokuqala, isicwangciso sokuqala sokunene, isengumsebenzi onzulu wobuntu, oqhutywa ngamava. Abona matshini babalaseleyo endikhe ndasebenza nabo banohlobo lwe-tactile intuition. Bamamela ukusikwa, babukele ukubunjwa kwetshiphu (umbala, ukumila, ukugoba), kwaye banokufumanisa ingxaki ngaphambi kokuba iprobe iqalise.
Le intuition yakhelwe kwisiseko sokuzama ukungaphumeleli. Sakhe sazama ukusebenzisa indlela yokusila i-trochoidal ye-slot enzulu kwi-titanium, esekelwe kwi-textbook best practices. Bekufanele ukuba isebenzile. Kodwa ijometri ethile idale ukungcangcazela kwe-harmonic okukhokelele kukusilela kwesixhobo esiyingozi. Umsebenzisi weva utshintsho oluchuliweyo kwisandi—ukukhala kwesantya esiphezulu—waye wawumisa umjikelo. Iirekhodi zedatha azibonisi nto eyothusayo kude kube ngumzuzu wokungaphumeleli. Indlebe yakhe yagcina icwecwe elixabisa kakhulu. Loo mava aye abhakwa kwinkqubo yethu yokucwangcisa iimpawu ezifanayo; ngoku sisebenzisa isicwangciso sendlela yesixhobo esahlukileyo kunye nothethathethwano olungaguqukiyo. Ayikho i-algorithm yokuphucula isoftware yeCAM ebeya kuqikelela ukuba intsebenziswano ngaphandle kwaloo ndawo yedatha yobungqina.
Ke, ngelixa sityhala imveliso yokucima izibane kwimisebenzi ezinzileyo, sikhusela ngokuqatha ixesha labantu bethu abadala ukuba bazame, balungise, kwaye ewe, bophule into ngamanye amaxesha. Luhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-R&D ukuchaneka okugqithisileyo umsebenzi. Awunakuyikhuphela ngaphandle, kwaye awukwazi ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukufunda ekunika kona. Kukuqokelelwa kwezi mbono zincinci, ziphumelele nzima ezakha amandla okwenyani evenkile, ngaphaya koko kudweliswe kuluhlu lwezixhobo.
