Xa usiva 'ufakelo olukhethekileyo lwealloyi', umfanekiso ongoko nangoko ukholisa ukumenyezela, isiphelo sokusika esingenakonakala semathiriyeli eyomeleleyo. Ayonto iphosakeleyo, kodwa yindawo yokuqala ebonisa izigqibo ezicacileyo. Inyaniso yeyokuba, ukukhetha nokusebenzisa ezi zinto zifakiweyo kuncinci malunga nokukhetha olona khetho 'lunzima' kwaye ngaphezulu malunga nokulawula urhwebo oluntsonkothileyo phakathi kokumelana nokunxiba, ukuqina, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, kunye nokuziphatha okucacileyo, okuhlala kungalindelekanga, kwesixhobo sokusebenza. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi zivaliwe ngenxa yokuba umntu usanda ku-odola eyona nto ibiza kakhulu i-cobalt-based, ecinga ukuba yimbumbulu yomlingo, kuphela ukujongana nentlekele yokuqhekeka kokuqala okuphazamisekileyo kwi-nickel-based alloy casting. Inzululwazi yezinto eziphathekayo ibalulekile, kodwa ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kulapho kuhlala khona ulwazi lokwenyani.
Ngaphaya Kwencwadana: Umdlalo weMaterial uyinto yonke
Makhe sithethe ngealloyi ngokwazo. Ukusebenza kunye ne-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini efana ne-QSY, ufumana isihlalo esingaphambili kumjikelo wobomi bonke. Asingomatshini nje ezi ngxubevange ezikhethekileyo; sizijule. Loo nkqubo—nokuba kukungunda kweqokobhe okanye utyalo-mali—inika iimpawu ezithile kwizinto eziphathekayo. I-alloy esekelwe kwi-nickel efana ne-Inconel 718 ngqo ukusuka kwinkqubo yokutshala imali ingaba nesakhiwo sengqolowa esahlukileyo kunye neprofayili yoxinzelelo olushiyekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nesitokhwe sebha. Lo mahluko ubaluleke kakhulu kukhetho lokufakela.
Umngxunya oqhelekileyo kukuphatha zonke i-nickel-based alloys njengebhloko ye-monolithic. Ibakala lokufakela elinomphetho obukhali kunye nePVD ebhityileyo yokwambathisa inokusebenza kakuhle kwisamente engaguqukiyo, ecolekileyo yecandelo levalvu. Zama kwa elo lifake kwiblade ye turbine enkulu, entsonkothileyo enobunzima obuguquguqukayo bodonga kunye nokunokubakho kweendawo eziqinileyo okanye eziqukiweyo, kwaye uya kutshintsha imiphetho rhoqo ngemizuzu elishumi. Ufakelo kufuneka lufunxe umothuko, hayi nje ukuxhathisa ukukrazuka. Ngamanye amaxesha, ibakala 'elithambileyo' kodwa eliqina ngakumbi elinomgangatho oqinileyo wejiyometri yechipbreaker yodlula ukhetho olunzima kakhulu, olunokonakala olunokucetyiswa yincwadi yesikhokelo.
Kulapho iminyaka engama-30 yemvelaphi kwindawo efana ne-QSY iba yinto ebonakalayo. Akukhona nje ngokuba noomatshini be-CNC; lulwazi olumiliselweyo lwendlela ukubunjwa kwabo okuziphatha ngayo phantsi kwesixhobo. Baye babona ukuba zeziphi iibhetshi ze-cobalt-based alloy castings zabo zikholisa ukuba shushu, okanye ngawaphi amabakala entsimbi engenasici ukusuka kwisiseko sabo anobudlelwane obuthile bomda owakhelwe phezulu. Loo loop yengxelo yangaphakathi phakathi kokusalwa kunye nomatshini yazisa ukhetho lokufaka ngendlela ekungekho ikhathalogu yomthengisi.
Umdaniso weJiyometri kunye noKwaleka
Kulungile, ngoko ufanise ibakala lokufaka i-substrate kubuntu bomsebenzi. Okulandelayo kuza ijometri. Ndikhumbula umsebenzi wokulungisa uthotho lweetshaneli ezinzulu, ezimxinwa kwizindlu zempompo yentsimbi ephindwe kabini. Sasinebanga elifanelekileyo lezinto eziphathekayo-i-carbide eyomeleleyo efanelekele i-stainless. Kodwa ubume bedayimani obukumgangatho ongama-80 ububangela ukungcangcazela okumbi kunye nokuphuma kakubi kwetshiphu. Inxalenye yayizincokolela ukufa.
Satshintshela kwi round insert. Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okusika kwatshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Akukho kulayishwa kwenqaku elinye, isenzo sokusika esigudileyo. Urhwebo-off? Ukufakwa okujikelezayo akukwazi ukwenza iikona ezibukhali. Kwafuneka sihlengahlengise indlela yesixhobo yerediya yesitishi, songeza inyathelo elongezelelweyo lokugaya iikona. Yayikukulalanisa, kodwa kwasebenza. I takeaway: imilo ye Faka i-alloy ekhethekileyo ayithethi nje ukusikwa, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba sisonke isicwangciso somatshini kunye nenxalenye yokunyamezela ukuyila.
Emva koko kukho ukutyabeka. I-TiAlN, i-AlTiN, i-carbon-like diamond... yisuphu yealfabhethi. Umgaqo wesithupha kukuba i-coating efana ne-AlTiN ibonelela ngobunzima obukhulu obushushu, obulungele ubushushu obuphezulu obuveliswayo xa ujika okanye ukugaya i-nickel alloys. Kodwa ukuba inkqubo yakho ayizinzanga, ukuba unokuphazamiseka kokupholisa okanye ukondla okungahambelaniyo, kwaloo ngubo inye inokuqhekeka kancinci phantsi kwebhayisekile eshushu. Kolunye uphazamiseko oluphazamisekileyo kwiindawo eziphoswe kutyalo-mali ngamasango okanye iipads zokunyuka, i-micro-grain carbide engagqunywanga kodwa eqine kakhulu inokuba lolona kubheja lukhuselekileyo, luqikelelwa ngakumbi, nokuba ubomi bayo bokunxiba buphantsi. Ubeka phambili ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kubomi besixhobo esisulungekileyo.
Iintsilelo zokwenyani zeHlabathi kunye noLungiso
Ndiza kwabelana ngokusilela okundifundise impumelelo engaphezu kweshumi elinesibini. Sasigqogqa ibhloko enkulu yeMonel (ingxubevange yenickel-copper) senxalenye yolwandle. Ukubunjwa kwisiseko sethu kwakuvakala, kodwa kukhulu. Sasebenzisa iharika ephezulu, isisiki esikhazimlisiweyo sefleyiti esizinikezeleyo Faka i-alloy ekhethekileyos yenzelwe ialloyi zobushushu obuphezulu. Ithiyori yayigqibelele: ukunciphisa amandla okusika, isizukulwana sobushushu esisezantsi kwindawo.
Yasilela. Hayi ngokumangalisayo, kodwa ngokufihlakeleyo. Izinto ezifakiweyo azizange zitshiphu okanye zophuke. Bavele baguga, ngokufanayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza, ebusweni becala. Ingxaki? I-geometry ephezulu, ngelixa inciphisa amandla, nayo yakha i-wedge encinci, ebuthakathaka yokusika. I-Monel, kunye nesenzo sayo esibi sokwenza lukhuni kunye neetshiphusi ezinentambo, yayigqabhuka iflanki ngesantya esothusayo. Sasisenza iitshiphusi ezintle, ezibengezelayo kodwa sibulala isixhobo.
Ukulungiswa kwaba counter-intuitive. Saya kwi-geometry engathathi hlangothi ngakumbi, eyomeleleyo ngokulungiswa komphetho onzima (i-honed edge, ayibukhali). Lo mandla onyukayo wokusika kancinci, kodwa uxhasa umda wokusika ngcono kakhulu ngokuchasene ne-abrasion. Itshiphu yayingqindilili, ingaphantsi komtya, kwaye ithwala ubushushu ngokufanelekileyo. Ubomi besixhobo buphindwe kathathu. Isifundo: kwii-alloys eziphezulu ze-nickel, ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka uncike kwi-cut cut ngomgca oqinileyo, ungazami ukutyibilika phezu kwayo kunye ne-ethe-ethe.
Ukupholisa: nguMhlobo okanye utshaba kwi-Special Alloy Machining?
Le yingxabano. Ingcebiso yakudala yokwenza machining titanium kunye ne-nickel alloys sisikhukula esipholileyo, rhoqo. Kwaye kwimisebenzi emininzi, ichanekile-ilawula inxalenye yobushushu kwaye inceda ngokukhutshwa kwetshiphu. Kodwa ngezi Faka i-alloy ekhethekileyos, ngakumbi abo bane-ceramic ethile okanye i-CBN (i-cubic boron nitride) amabakala, ukothuka kwe-thermal ngumbulali wokwenene.
Khawufane ucinge ukuba ufaka i-ceramic kwidayisi yentsimbi eqinile. I-insert isebenza kwindawo yokushisa okukhulu kwi-cut cut; yindlela egcina ngayo ubulukhuni bayo. Ukuba ijethi yesipholisi sobushushu begumbi ibetha emphethweni obomvu-oshushu ngamaxesha athile, ucela iintanda ezincinci. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ungakhetha ukuqhushumba komoya, okanye ngcono, inkqubo yenkungu enoxinzelelo oluphezulu ebonelela ngokupholisa okuthile kunye nokususwa kwetshiphu ngaphandle komahluko omkhulu oshushu wesipholisi sesikhukula.
Ukufakwa kwe-carbide eqhelekileyo kunye neengubo ze-PVD kwi-cobalt okanye i-nickel-based alloys, i-high-pressure through-tool coolant ihlala iyinkosi. Ayikokupholisa nje; imalunga nokukhupha ezo ntsini, iitshiphusi ezirhabaxa ziphume kwindawo esikiweyo kwangoko. I-chip recut kukusilela okuqinisekisiweyo kokufaka. Kumaziko abo omatshini e-CNC, ukufikelela kwi-coolant ethembekileyo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuya kwindawo echanekileyo yokusikwa linyathelo lokumisela elingaxoxisiyo lomsebenzi osebenzayo we-alloy ekhethekileyo.
Ikhonkco loNikezo kunye nokuFumana okuSebenzayo
Nantsi into ongayi kuyifumana kwiphepha lobugcisa: ubunyani bolungiselelo. Ezi zifakelo ziyabiza. Ukubamba uluhlu lwazo zonke izinto ezinokubakho kunye nokusebenza kukukhupha imali kwivenkile yomsebenzi. Ubudlelwane kunye nomthengisi oqondayo umxube wakho womsebenzi-njengentsimbi etyhidiweyo, i-stainless, kunye ne-alloys ekhethekileyo eyenziwa yi-QSY-ibalulekile.
Ayikokuba neempawu ezininzi, kodwa malunga nokuba nemigca embalwa ethembekileyo apho uqonda nzulu imvulophu yokusebenza. Ufunda ukuba iBanga le-XXX kumboneleli wakho yindawo oya kuyo kwi-90% ye-17-4PH yakho yomsebenzi ococekileyo ovela kumgca wotyalo-mali, kwaye iBanga le-YYY ligcinelwe ukusikwa okuphazamiseke ngokwenene kwimizimba emikhulu ye-Inconel 625 yevalvu. Wakha ingqondo-kwaye emva koko ithala leencwadi lezinto ezisebenzela imiceli mngeni yevenkile yakho.
Apha kukwalapho umsebenzi odityanisiweyo ngokuthe nkqo ubonisa amandla ayo. Ngenxa yokuba balawula inkqubo yokuphosa, ngamanye amaxesha banokuhlengahlengisa unyango lobushushu okanye ukuyila ukuphosa (ukongeza i-radius encinci, ukuguqula ubuninzi bodonga) ukwenza inxalenye ekwazi ukucutshungulwa kunye nomgangatho, ukufakwa okuthembekileyo abasele be-stock. Loo ntsebenziswano yangaphakathi phakathi kwesiseko kunye nevenkile yomatshini ukuze kunyuswe ukwenziwa kokwenziwa yinto enkulu, ehlala ifihliwe, inzuzo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwezi zixhobo zokusika ezichanekileyo.
Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo xa uchaza a Faka i-alloy ekhethekileyo, jonga ngaphaya kwedatha. Cinga ngembali yenxalenye (iphoswe okanye yenziwe?), Ijometri yayo (iphazamiseke isikiwe okanye iyaqhubeka?), Ubungqongqo bomatshini wakho, kunye nesicwangciso sakho sokupholisa. Yinkqubo, kwaye ufakelo lilungu elinye elibalulekileyo. Ukuyilungisa kuvakala kungaphantsi njengenzululwazi kwaye kufana nemveliso yezandla-izandla ezakhelwe phezu kokusilela okuphawulweyo, uhlengahlengiso oluchuliweyo, kunye nentlonelo enzulu ngezinto ozama ukuwenza mbuna.
