Xa usiva 'umkhono wealloyi okhethekileyo', umfanekiso ongoko nangoko ukholisa ukuba yityhubhu yentsimbi yodidi oluphezulu. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Ngokwenyani, licandelo elisebenzayo elichazwa yimeko-bume yalo-ubushushu obugqithisileyo, imidiya ebolileyo, okanye i-abrasion engapheliyo. 'Eyodwa' ayithengisi intonga; ngumahluko phakathi kwecandelo elihlala ixesha lonyaka kunye nelisindayo kwiphulo. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu ziyiphatha njengento yorhwebo, kuphela ukujongana nokusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha ngexesha le-FAT. Owona mceli mngeni ayikokukhetha nje i-Ni-Cr okanye i-Co-based alloy kwi-database; kukuqonda indlela inkqubo yokuvelisa, ukusuka ekugaleleni ukuya ekugqityweni, ukutshixa kwindlela yokusebenza-okanye yazisa iziphene ezifihlakeleyo.
Ukungaqondi kakuhle okuPhambili: IMaterial vs. Component
Uninzi lwee-spec sheets zijolise ekubunjweni kwe-alloy: Inconel 625, i-Hastelloy C-276, i-Stellite 6. Yiyo indawo yokuqala, kungekhona umgca wokugqibela. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yomthengi wepetrochemical apho safumana khona a umkhono okhethekileyo we-alloy ichazwe njenge-Inconel 718. Itshekishe zonke iibhokisi zeekhemikhali. Nangona kunjalo, yaqhekeka phantsi kwebhayisekile eshushu enkonzweni. Uhlalutyo olungaphumeleli aluzange lubhekiselele kwibakala lezinto eziphathekayo, kodwa kwisakhiwo sengqolowa. Ibiyenziwe ngoomatshini ukusuka kwisitokhwe sebha, kwaye ukuhamba okuziinkozo kwakungalunganga kuxinzelelo lwe-axial kunye neradial olubonileyo. Icandelo eliphosiweyo, nangona linekhemikhali yegama elifanayo, liya kuba nesakhiwo se-isotropic esilungele umthwalo. Sisifundo ongalibali eso.
Kulapho amava e-Foundry ebalulekayo. Inkampani efana neQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), enamashumi amathathu eminyaka kwiqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, iyayiqonda le nto ngokungafihlisiyo. Abathengisi nje isinyithi; bathengisa indlela. Kuba umkhono okhethekileyo we-alloy eyenzelwe impompo yobushushu obuphezulu, inkqubo yotyalo-mali abayinikezelayo inokuvelisa indawo ekufutshane-netha-imilo elawulwayo, ulwakhiwo olucolekileyo lweziinkozo olukwaziyo ukumelana nokudinwa kwe-thermal xa kuthelekiswa nenxalenye ekhutshiweyo kwibha yenkohliso. Umahluko ukwi-microstructure, into igosa lokuthenga elifunda umgangatho elingenakuze licinge.
Ukhetho phakathi kokuphosa kunye nomatshini ukusuka kokuqinileyo alukho malunga neendleko nje. Imalunga nejometri yokusebenza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umkhono ufuna iziteshi zangaphakathi zokupholisa okanye iiflange ezidibeneyo. Ukulungisa ezi kwibar stock yinkcitho kwaye kunokubeka esichengeni imfezeko yezinto eziphathekayo. Umkhono otyhidiweyo uvumela ukuba ezi mpawu zenziwe njengenxalenye yesimo sokuqala, ukugcina ukuqhubeka kwe-alloy. Ndisebenze kunye ne-QSY kwiiprototypes apho le ndlela yokucheba i-25% yobunzima kunye nokuphucula ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu ngokulungisa amacandelo odonga kunye nokubandakanya iimbambo zokupholisa ngokuthe ngqo kuyilo lokubumba-into engenakwenzeka ngetyhubhu eqhelekileyo.
UMtyholi kwiiNkcukacha: Inkqubo kunye nemiqobo eSebenzayo
Ukuphosa a umkhono okhethekileyo we-alloy ayingomsebenzi weqhosha lokutyhala. Ezi ngxubevange zihlala zi-viscous kwimeko etyhidiweyo kwaye zithandwa kwimiba efana ne-micro-shrinkage. Kwasekuqaleni komsebenzi wam, sasine-batch ye-cobalt-based alloy sleeves ephumelele ukuhlolwa komgangatho kodwa yasilela kuvavanyo loxinzelelo. Ityala laliyi-micro-porosity, engabonakaliyo ngeso, ephuma ekungeneni ngendlela engafanelekanga kunye noyilo lokunyuka ngexesha lokuphosa. Yayingekokusilela kwezinto eziphathekayo; ibikukusilela kwenkqubo. Ukuyicombulula kufuna ukulungelelanisa ubushushu obuthululwayo kunye nokuguqula inkqubo yesondlo sokungunda-ulwazi olunamandla oluvela kwiminyaka yovavanyo kunye nempazamo kumgangatho wesiseko.
Imisebenzi yasemva kokuphoswa nayo ibalulekile. Thatha unyango lobushushu. Kwii-alloys ezininzi ezisekwe kwi-nickel, isisombululo se-annealing kunye nokwaluphala akunakuxoxiswana ukufezekisa ukuqina okufunwayo kwe-precipitate. Kodwa ijika lobushushu bexesha libuthathaka. Ndibone ubushushu beziko lomlilo obugqithise ngama-30 ° C ngexesha lokuguga, okubangele ukuguga kakhulu. Imikhono yayithambile kancinci kunokuba ichaziwe, ikhokelela ekunxibeni okukhawulezileyo kwisicelo esiludaka. Ibhetshi kwafuneka ichithwe. Igxininisa ukuba ulawulo phezu kwekhonkco lexabiso lilonke, ukusuka kwinyibilika ukuya kunyango lokugqibela lobushushu, kubalulekile. Umboneleli wesakhono somatshini wangaphakathi, njengesebe le-QSY's CNC, lulutho olukhulu njengoko luvumela ulawulo lwenkqubo olulungelelanisiweyo.
Emva koko kukho ukugqiba. Umphezulu imfezeko a umkhono okhethekileyo we-alloy ukubaleka ngokuchasene netywina okanye ukuthwala kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukugqitywa komatshini kunye namanqaku okusebenza okanye i-edge eyakhiweyo ingaba yindawo ye-nucleation yokuqhekeka okanye ukukhawulezisa ukunxiba kwetywina. Sifunde ukukhankanya kungekuphela nje ixabiso lika-Ra, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukugqiba okungabhekiseliyo (njengokuqukunjelwa kwe-vibratory) kwindawo ebalulekileyo yokutywinwa. Yinkcukacha encinci, kodwa kumkhono we-hydraulic cylinder kwi-actuator ye-subsea, loo mphezulu wokugqiba uhambelana ngqo nokutywina ubomi kunye nomngcipheko wongcoliseko lolwelo.
I-Real-World Application kunye noHlalutyo lokungaphumeleli
Makhe sithethe ngetyala lekhonkrithi. Siye saphuhlisa a umkhono okhethekileyo we-alloy kwindibano ye-shaft yefeni enkulu ye-centrifugal kwisityalo sokulahla inkunkuma ukuya kumandla. Imekobume yayinoburhalarhume: amaqondo obushushu aguqukayo ukuya kutsho kuma-750°C, kunye nerhasi yombhobho enomhlwa. Uyilo lokuqala lusebenzise umkhono wentsimbi yegeneric engenasici kunye nokwaleka ngeceramic. Yaphuma kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa. Uyilo ngokutsha luye lwasiwa kwi-centrifugally cast Ni-Cr-Mo alloy (efana ne-Alloy 625), eveliswe yingcali esungulweyo. Isitshixo yayingelotshintsho nje lwengxubevange; yayiyila umkhono ngophazamiseko oluncinci lokulawula ukwahluka kolwandiso lwe-thermal kunye ne-carbon steel shaft, kunye nokucacisa ukunyamezela okuchanekileyo kwe-ID yokuhombisa emva kofakelo.
Enye imeko ibandakanya ukunxiba imikhono kwizixhobo zemigodi. Apha, i-abrasion lolona tshaba luphambili. Umkhono wentsimbi oqinileyo othe ngqo unokusebenza ixesha elithile, kodwa i-cobalt-based Stellite alloy sleeve, esetyenziswe njenge-weld overlay okanye iphoswe njengenxalenye epheleleyo, inika umyalelo wobungakanani bobomi obungcono bokunxiba. Iindleko ziphezulu, kodwa ixabiso lilonke lobunini liyehla xa ubeka ixesha lokuphumla ukuze utshintshe. Iqhinga lihlala lisetyenziswa i-alloy ekhethekileyo ngokukhethiweyo-njenge-liner okanye kwiindawo eziphezulu zokunxiba ze-sleeve-zibophelelwe okanye zifakwe kwi-substrate eqinile, engabizi kakhulu. Le ndlela yokuxuba kulapho uyilo kunye nobuchule bezinto eziphathekayo budibana ngokwenene.
Iintsilelo ngabona bafundisi-ntsapho babalaseleyo. Ndakhe ndaphanda ngokuqhekeka kwemikhono emininzi ye-alloy 825 kwindawo yokutshintsha ubushushu. Izinto eziphathekayo zazichanekile kwiikloridi ezikhoyo. Uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli, nangona kunjalo, luyilandelele kwi-chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Oyena nobangela? Ukuxinezeleka okushiyekileyo okuvela kumatshini onobunkunkqele obugqithileyo ngexesha lomsebenzi wokugqibela okruqulayo. Isisombululo sasibandakanya ukutshintshela kwiparamitha ethambileyo yomatshini kunye nokongeza inyathelo lokunciphisa uxinzelelo lobushushu obuphantsi. Izinto eziphathekayo zazinako, kodwa uxinzelelo olubangelwa yimveliso lwayityhalela ngaphaya komphetho ukuba ingaphumeleli.
Ukufumana kunye neNtsebenziswano: Ubudlelwane boMboneleli
Oku kundizisa kwindawo ebonakalayo: ukukhangela. Awuthengi nje a umkhono okhethekileyo we-alloy ukusuka kwikhathalogu. Luphuhliso lwentsebenziswano. Xa uzibandakanya nomvelisi, uvavanya inkxaso yabo yesinyithi, imbali yabo yokungaphumeleli, kunye nokuzimisela kwabo ukulungisa ingxaki. Ukujonga ngokufutshane kwinkampani efana ne-QSY's portfolio (tsingtaocnc.com) ibonisa ugxininiso lokuphosa kunye nokwenza ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo. Oko kudityaniswa ngokuthe nkqo yiflegi eluhlaza. Kuthetha ukuba banokulawula umgangatho ukusuka kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ukuya kumngxuma wokugqibela ophothiweyo okanye umgangatho ophantsi, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba banedatha yembali yokucebisa ngokukhethwa kwealloyi yeemeko ezithile zenkonzo.
Ingxoxo kufuneka iqale ngeemeko zehlabathi lokwenyani lwesicelo: uluhlu lobushushu, imijikelo ye-thermal, imidiya (i-pH, ubukho be-sulfides, i-chlorides), umthwalo womatshini (i-static, i-cyclic, impembelelo), kunye neendlela zokunxiba. Umthengisi olungileyo uya kubuza le mibuzo. Ukuba bacaphula nje kushicilelo, lumka. Ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo endikhe ndanazo zibandakanya ukwabelana ngeendawo zokusilela kwenkonzo kunye neqela lobunjineli bomthengisi ukuze kuhlalutywe ngokudibeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuthumela i-sleeve egugileyo emva kweqela lobugcisa be-QSY ukuze bahlole ipateni yokunxiba inokwazisa i-iteration elandelayo-mhlawumbi iphakamisa ukutshintshela kwi-nickel-based based to alloy-based alloy ye-cobalt-based resistance resistance.
Okokugqibela, iprototyping kunye novavanyo alunakuxoxisana. Kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, kufanelekile ukutyala imali kuhambo olufutshane lokulinga. Beka imikhono yeprototype kwirigi yovavanyo elinganisa eyona meko yenkonzo imbi, okanye ubuncinci, yenza uvavanyo lobomi olukhawulezileyo. Esi sigaba sinokuveza imiba engalindelekanga, njengokungenwa kuqhagamshelo okanye ukuba sesichengeni kwisingcolisi sekhemikhali esithile. Le loop ephindaphindayo kunye nomboneleli onobuchule obuchwephesha yinto eguqula icandelo eliqhelekileyo libe yisisombululo esithembekileyo, sobunjineli besicelo.
Iingcamango zokuqukumbela: YiNkqubo yobuNjineli
Ke, ukusonga oku, a umkhono okhethekileyo we-alloy ayisosikhono nje. Yingxaki yesayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, umngeni wokuvelisa, kunye nephazili yoyilo zonke ziqengqeleke zaba nye. I-alloy sisiseko, kodwa ixabiso lenziwe ngobunjineli benkqubo kunye noyilo oluthile lwesicelo. Ukungahoyi ukudibana phakathi kobuchule bokuphosa, unyango lobushushu, umatshini, kunye nokugqitywa kokugqibela yindlela eqinisekileyo yokusilela okubizayo.
Ishishini liyashenxa ekujongeni ezi zinto njengezinto ezingekho kwishelufu. Intsingiselo ibhekiselele kwintsebenziswano enzulu kunye nabasunguli kunye noomatshini abanobunzulu besinyithi kunye nekhono lokucubungula phantsi kophahla olunye. Kumalunga nokudala icandelo apho iipropati eziphathekayo zifezekiswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zihambelana nomsebenzi wenkonzo. Lowo ngumahluko phakathi kwelungu elingena lula nelisebenza ngokwenene.
Ekugqibeleni, iiprojekthi eziphumelele kakhulu ziphatha umkhono kungekhona njengento engabonakaliyo kwi-bill yezinto eziphathekayo, kodwa njengento esebenzayo, edibeneyo yenkqubo enkulu. Ukukhethwa kunye nokuveliswa kwayo kufuna umxube wolwazi lweencwadi zesikhokelo kunye nokuphumelela, ukugweba okusebenzayo-uhlobo oluvela ekuboneni izinto ezimbalwa zingahambi kakuhle, kunye nokuqonda ukuba kutheni.
