Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'intsimbi ecolekileyo ecolekayo', baba nomfanekiso welungu elingenasiphako, elibengezelayo eliphuma ngqo kwincwadana. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Inyani yeyokuba 'ukuchaneka' apha ligama elihambelanayo, uthethathethwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kwemodeli efanelekileyo yeCAD kunye nefiziksi enenkani yesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo. Akukhona nje ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo; imalunga nokulawula ukugqwetheka, ukuqikelela ukuncipha kwibakala ngalinye le-stainless, kunye nokwazi ukuba yeyiphi isiphelo somphezulu esinokufezekiseka 'njengokuphosa' xa kuthelekiswa noko kufuneka kwenziwe emva komatshini. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi oluchaza utyalo-mali oluntsonkothileyo kodwa emva koko lufuna unyamezelo lwenxalenye yomatshini kwindawo nganye-yindlela eqinisekileyo yokuvuthela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ubugcisa bokwenyani bulele ekwazini ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo enokunika yona ngokwendalo nalapho kufuneka ungenelele khona.
Undoqo weNkqubo: Yonke imalunga neShell
Yonke into ixhomekeke kwiqokobhe leceramic. Uninzi lwabantu abafikayo ekufuneni bacinga ukuba intsimbi yinkwenkwezi, kodwa iqokobhe linqanaba, umlawuli, kunye nomyili weempahla zonke kwindawo enye. Iqokobhe elibuthathaka lithetha ukubaleka okanye iphiko; iqokobhe elingalinganiyo likhokelela kubunzima obungahambelaniyo bodonga. Sichitha iintsuku, ngamanye amaxesha iiveki, kwi-slurry formulation kunye nenkqubo ye-stuccoing. Kwimpompo yempompo ebalulekileyo kwi-316L, umzekelo, sinokusebenzisa idyasi ye-silica edibeneyo yokugqiba umgangatho ongcono, kodwa tshintshela kwi-zircon kwiidyasi ezigcinayo ngenxa yokuchasana kwayo okuphezulu. Ngolu khetho, oluhlala lungabonakali kwinqanaba lokugqibela, olumisela impumelelo okanye iyadi egcwele i-scrap.
Ulawulo lobushushu ngexesha dewaxing ngomnye umbulali cwaka. Ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iqokobhe liyaqhekeka ukusuka kwi-wax eyandisiweyo. Ukucotha kakhulu, kwaye ushiya intsalela ejika kwi-carbon inclusions ngexesha lokugalela. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yesilinganisi saselwandle apho sasinomgangatho omncinci wokulinganisa i-oven-nje nge-15 degrees celsius ngaphezulu kwe-spec. Isiphumo asikokusilela kwangoko; amaqokobhe ayekhangeleka kakuhle. Kodwa ngexesha lokugalela, ezo ntandabuko ezincinci zavumela ukungena kwesinyithi, zenza umphezulu orhabaxa, ongamkelekanga wangaphakathi owawungabonakali de kudlule umatshini wokuqala. Eso yayisisifundo esinexabiso elikhulu ekuthembeni, kodwa ekuqinisekiseni, yonke iparamitha enye.
Kwaye ke kukho ukudinwa. Ayikokunyibilikisa umthwebeba. Imalunga nokuguqula nayiphi na imathiriyeli yepateni eshiyekileyo ibe luthuthu olunokukhutshelwa ngaphandle, kungashiyi khabhoni ngasemva ukungcolisa intsimbi engatyiwayo. Kumabanga aphindwe kabini afana ne-2205, oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba umxholo wekhabhoni uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuxhathisa umhlwa. Awunako ukuyitshisa ibe shushu ngakumbi; ulandela umjikelo we-thermal ochanekileyo. Kulapho amashumi eminyaka yokuziqhelanisa, njengohlobo olwakhiwe kwifemu enje Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), yenza umahluko. Uhlakulela ukuvakalelwa ngayo. Ukugxila kwabo ixesha elide kwi iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kwaye utyalo mali icebisa ulwazi olunzulu, olusebenzayo lwala manyathelo angahombisiyo kodwa abalulekileyo.
Isixhobo asiloPhepha nje eliKhethekileyo
Ukuchaza intsimbi engatyiwayo kufana nokuthi isithuthi-ayinantsingiselo ngaphandle kohlobo. 304, 316, 17-4PH, 2205-bonke baziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwi-crucible kunye ne-mold. I-304 iyaxolela, kodwa ukucutheka kwayo kubalulekile. I-17-4PH, ibakala lokuqinisa imvula, ilungile ukomelela ukuya kubunzima, kodwa liphupha elibi lokukrazula okutshisayo ukuba isango lakho lokungena kunye nenkqubo yokunyuka ayenzelwanga ukumelana nepateni yokuqina. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa ingqiqo yokutya efanayo kwi-alloy nganye.
Sifunde oku ngendlela enzima ngeprototype yesibiyeli se-aerospace. Ushicilelo lubize i-17-4PH kwimeko ye-H900. Sayijula, siyifake ngoomatshini, siyinyange ngobushushu. Iphumelele iitshekhi ezilinganayo kodwa ayiphumelelanga ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic. Iinyembezi ezincinci, ezishushu zangaphakathi. Ingxaki? Izinyusi zethu, zigqibelele kwi-316, azibonelelanga ngokwaneleyo koluqilima kule alloy. Kwafuneka sibuyele umva, silinganisa ukuqina kwakhona kunye neempawu eziphathekayo, kwaye sihlengahlengise yonke i-gate layout. Yongeza iiveki ezintathu kwiprojekthi. Ngoku, kuyo nayiphi na i-alloy entsha, ngakumbi i ialloys ezikhethekileyo njenge-nickel-based based, sinyanzelisa ukuqhuba ikhuphoni encinci yovavanyo kuqala ukuze sibone ukuba yondla njani kwaye iyancipha kwindawo yethu yokufumana indawo ethile.
Yiyo loo nto intsebenziswano kunye ne-Foundry eyiqonda ngokunyanisekileyo i-metallurgy ingenakuxoxisana. Ayikokunyibilika nokugalela nje; kumalunga nokwazi ukuba i-high-nickel alloy, kufuneka ulawule ubushushu obuthululwayo ukuya ngaphakathi kwefestile ye-30-degree ukunqanda ulwahlulo, okanye ukuba izicelo ezithile, ungade ucebise ibakala elahlukileyo, elinokulahlwa elihlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kumngcipheko ophantsi. Ivenkile eneminyaka engama-30 kumdlalo, njenge-QSY, iya kuba ijongene nezi demon ezikhethekileyo kwaye yakha izisombululo kwinkqubo yazo. Ungafumana isifitshane somda wemathiriyeli yabo kwindawo yabo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
Apho Ukuphela Kwasekugqibeleni kwaye UMatshini Uqala
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, kwaye kulapho iiprojekthi ezininzi zikhubeka. Hayi steel stainless ngokuchaneka casting ibume ngokwenyani kumalungu asebenzayo. Kuhlala kukho ubuso bedatum ekufuneka benziwe ngoomatshini, imisonto ekufuneka icofe, okanye imiphezulu yokutywina ekufuneka igqitywe. Undoqo sisicwangciso sesibonelelo sesitokhwe. Beka isitokhwe esininzi kakhulu kuyo yonke indawo ukuze ukhuseleke, kwaye uchitha imali kwintsimbi engaphezulu kunye nexesha lomatshini. Beka kancinci kakhulu, kwaye ubeka umngcipheko wokutyhoboza ulusu, uveze i-porosity enokubakho engaphantsi komhlaba.
Eyona nto ifanelekileyo kukusebenzisana neqela lomatshini ukusuka kwinqanaba loyilo. Sihlala sijolise ekuchongeni unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo kwangethuba-uthi, ubuso beflange obudibana nelinye icandelo okanye ibhore yokuthwala. Ezi ndawo zifumana isibonelelo ekujoliswe kuso, esingaguqukiyo sesitokhwe, kaninzi nje yi-0.5-1mm. Imiphezulu engabalulekanga inokushiywa kwimo ye-as-cast, ethi, ukuba inkqubo yakho yeqokobhe ilungile, inokuba yindawo ecocekileyo kakhulu. Le ndlela edibeneyo yiyo eyahlula umthengisi wamacandelo kumnikezeli wezisombululo. Kucacile kumnikelo we-QSY wokudityaniswa CNC Machining ukuba basebenze kulo mgaqo, ukulawula inkqubo ukusuka ngundo ukuya inxalenye egqityiweyo ngomatshini, ephelisa umaleko omkhulu wempazamo yonxibelelwano kunye nomgangatho wokukhomba umnwe.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yomzimba wevalvu apho uyilo lokuqala lokubunjwa lwalunempahla efanayo ye-3mm. I-machinist yachitha i-80% yexesha layo isusa isinyithi kwiindawo ezingasebenziyo. Ngokuyila ngokutsha ukuphosa ukongeza imathiriyeli kuphela apho kufuneka khona iidatum zemachine kunye nezitywina ezibalulekileyo, sinciphise ubunzima bokuphosa nge-18% kwaye sinqumle ixesha lomatshini ngesiqingatha. Ukongiwa kwakumangalisa. Sifunda ntoni? Ukuphosa okuchanekileyo kuninzi malunga nokuthabatha okukrelekrele ezantsi komsinga njengoko kumalunga nolawulo lokudibanisa kwi-Foundry.
Inyani yoNyamezelo kunye nokuGqibela
Imigangatho yoshishino efana ne-ISO 8062 ikunika imigangatho yonyamezelo, kodwa ngamanqaku okuqalisa, hayi iziqinisekiso. Ukunyamezela kwe-CT5 kumlinganiselo we-50mm ngokwethiyori yi-±0.35mm. Kodwa ngaba ungayibamba kulo lonke ibhetshi, kuyo yonke into? Akunakwenzeka. Iimpawu kumgca wokwahlulahlula ziya kuba nokwahluka okukhulu. Iindonga ezibhityileyo kunzima ukuzilawula kunezo zingqindilili. Umgwebo wokwenene wobuchwephesha kukwazi ukuba zeziphi ukunyamezela kurhwebo (ijiyometri ngokubanzi) kwaye zeziphi ezibalulekileyo (zifanelekile, zisebenza). Uyathethathethana kwaye ugxininise ulawulo lwenkqubo yakho kwezona zibalulekileyo.
Ukugqitywa komphezulu yenye indawo evuthiweyo yokungaqondi kakuhle. A eqhelekileyo utyalo mali unako ukufikelela Ra 3.2 ukuba 6,3 micrometers njengoko-cast. Ilungile loo nto, kodwa ayigudiswanga. Ukuba ufuna iRa 0.8 yetywina eliguquguqukayo, uya kufuna umatshini okanye ukugulisa. Inkqubo yokuphosa inokukusondeza, kodwa ayikwazi ukwenza imimangaliso. Ndiye ndafumana abathengi bacela ukugqiba isipili ngqo ukusuka kumngundo. Ayisebenzi ngolo hlobo. Kuya kufuneka uchaze ubungakanani bengqolowa yeceramic, ujongano phakathi kwengubo yokuqala ye-slurry kunye nentsimbi-ngumda womzimba.
Imigangatho yokuhlola okubonakalayo nayo ifuna ukucaciswa. Yintoni ukungafezeki okungephi okwamkelekileyo kumphezulu? Ukufakwa okuncinci kwindawo engaxinzezelekanga, engeyiyo into yokuthambisa inokwamkeleka ngokugqibeleleyo ngokwemigangatho ye-ASTM, kodwa umxhasi osetyenziselwa ukwenza umzobo okanye iinxalenye ezenziwe ngoomatshini usenokuyikhaba. Ukuseta olu lindelo ngaphambili, ngeesampulu zomzimba ukuba kuyenzeka, kubalulekile. Kungcono ukubonisa isampulu enobume obuqhelekileyo bomphezulu kunokuba ube nengxabano emva kokuba iziqwenga ezingama-500 zenziwe.
Iintsilelo Ngabafundisi Bokwenene
Awufundi ngokuchanekileyo kwimiyalelo egqibeleleyo; uyifunda kwimigqomo yenkunkuma. Sakhe saba nomba ophindaphindiweyo kunye ne-micro-porosity kwi-hub yevili elincinci le-injini yomoya. Yadlula kwiX-reyi kodwa yasilela phantsi kovavanyo loxinzelelo. Silungise yonke into: i-temp yokugalela, i-shell shell preheat, ukubunjwa kwe-alloy. Akukho nto yayisebenza rhoqo. Ekugqibeleni, ngomzuzwana wokukhungatheka, sijonge ipateni ye-wax ngokwayo. Isango lokutofa lincanyathiselwe kanye kwindawo eyingxaki, idala indawo etshisayo yendawo. Ngokususa nje indawo yesango kunye nokongeza into encinci epholileyo ekubumbeni kuloo ndawo, siqondise ngokutsha umphambili wokuqina kwaye sasusa i-porosity. Ingxaki yayingeyontsimbi; ibiyijometri eshushu ebesiyiyile.
Olunye ukusilela kweklasikhi kucinga ukuba yonke i-post-processing iyalingana. Sithumele ibhetshi ye-316 yokusaswa ukuze sigqithise kumthengisi omtsha. Basebenzisa i-nitric acid bath, i-standard practice. Kodwa ibhafu yabo yayingcoliswe yikloridi ababeyifumene ngaphambili. Isiphumo yaba yinxalenye engakhange iphumelele kuvavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa ngokumangalisayo. Ukusaswa kwakuvakala, kodwa ulawulo lwethu lwekhonkco lokubonelela lwalungekho. Ngoku, sibafanele amaqabane ethu okugqiba ngokungqongqo njengeenkqubo zethu. Olu lawulo lokuya ekupheleni, ngokombono wam, luphawu lomthengisi oqolileyo. Luhlobo lolongamelo olupheleleyo inkampani eyakha ngaphezulu ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 kwishishini, ukulawula yonke into ukusuka kwi intsimbi kwiialloys ezingaqhelekanga phantsi kophahla olunye.
Ngoko, xa ujonga steel stainless ngokuchaneka casting, musa nje ukubona ijometri yokugqibela. Bona itanki eludaka, iitshathi zobushushu, ukulinganisa ukuqinisa, i-handoff kumatshini we-CNC, kunye nezifundo eziphumeleleyo kwiimpazamo ezidlulileyo. Ukuchaneka kuzuzwa, akunikwanga, ngewaka elincinci, amanyathelo alawulwayo kunye nokuqonda okunzulu apho amandla endalo enkqubo alele kwaye apho kufuneka anyanzelwe ngokungqongqo kumgca. Yiloo nto oyithengayo ngokwenene.
