Xa usiva 'inxalenye yentsimbi echanekileyo', iingqondo ezininzi zitsibela ngqo kunyamezelo kunye nezatifikethi zezinto eziphathekayo. Leyo yintetho yencwadana. Ibali lokwenyani, elo limisela ukuba inxalenye ethile iyasebenza okanye iyasilela kumgangatho wevenkile iminyaka, iqala emva kokuba i-spec sheet ifakiwe. Imalunga nokuchaneka okungathethwayo phakathi kwejiyometri efanelekileyo kunye nokuphosa, ukuthungwa okuchuliweyo komphezulu onjenge-cast ochaphazela ubomi bokudinwa, kunye nokuphendula kobushushu bobushushu obuthile bentsimbi obungenamgangatho ubanjwa ngokupheleleyo. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi olukhangeleka lugqibelele kwi-CAD kodwa liphupha elibi ukuya kwisango kunye nokunyuka, okukhokelela ekucuthekeni kwangaphakathi okubonisa kuphela phantsi kwe-X-reyi okanye, ngakumbi, enkonzweni. Ukuchaneka akukho nje kwimilinganiselo; ifakwe kuyo yonke inkqubo yetsheyini, ukusuka kwipatheni yokuqala yewax ukuya kwishot yokugqibela yokuchama.
I-Illusion of Drop-In Replacement
Umgibe oqhelekileyo, ngakumbi kwiinjineli zolondolozo, kukuphatha iindawo eziphosiweyo ezichanekileyo njengezinto ezithe ngqo, ezilahlayo ezifakelwa endaweni yokwenziwa okanye ukwenziwa. Ushicilelo olunobukhulu bunokuhambelana, kodwa imvulophu yokusebenza inokwahluka kakhulu. Thatha i-impeller yepompo elula. Eyakhiweyo inokuqukuqela okuziinkozo okulandela i-blade contour, enika ukuxhathisa okukhulu kukhukuliseko. A intsimbi echanekileyo yokuphosa ezimile okwemilo enye zineenkozo ezilinganayo. Ukuba awuyibandakanyi le nto kukhetho lwakho lwemathiriyeli-mhlawumbi ukhetha ibakala elingqongqo le-CA-15 endaweni yomgangatho wama-304-uya kufumana ukusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha kwinkonzo ye-abrasive. Ukuphosa kukunika ubunzima obumangalisayo bemilo, kodwa uthengisa amandla athile okukhomba. Kuya kufuneka uyile inkqubo yokuphosa, hayi nje ngemilinganiselo yayo.
Sifunde oku ngendlela enzima kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ngecandelo levalvu yomthengi. Yayiyindawo yokutshintsha indawo yomatshini. Sifike kuyo yonke imilinganiselo sisebenzisa utyalo-mali. Kodwa yayisisicelo somoya soxinzelelo oluphezulu. Inxalenye yokuqala eyenziwe ngoomatshini yayinegrooves yokuphelisa uxinzelelo ekulula ukuyigaya kodwa iyoyikeka ukuyiphosa ngaphandle kokudala iindawo ezishushu. Sayiphosa ngokoshicilelo, kwaye yaluphumelela uvavanyo lwe-hydro. Kodwa kwibhayisekile eshushu, iintanda ezincinci zaqalwa ukusuka kwezo kona zangaphakathi zibukhali-ingozi yokuphosa isiphene esasiyifuyile kodwa saxelelwa ukuba siqhubeke nayo. Ayizange isilele ngentlekele, kodwa yaqalisa ukulila emva kwemijikelo embalwa. Ukulungiswa bekungekokuphucula ukuphosa; yayikukuhlala phantsi kunye nenjineli yabo kwaye ngobuchule bayiyile iprofayile yegroove ukuya kwiradiyasi enokugalelwa ngakumbi, bencama intwana yoyilo lwenjongo yoyilo lweenzuzo ezinkulu ekomeleleni. Leyo yintsebenziswano echaza ukuchaneka kwangempela.
Apha kulapho amava e-Foundry eba yinto engaxoxiswana ngayo. Ivenkile efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye neminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu kwiqokobhe kunye ne-investment casting, ibone ezi ziganeko zidlala izihlandlo ezininzi. Ixabiso labo alikho nje ekwenzeni umthi womthwebeba; ikwingxelo yokuqala yeDFM (uYilo lokuVeliswa). Xa bejonga umzobo, bahamba ngengqondo kwisakhiwo seqokobhe, ukugalela, uxinzelelo lokupholisa. Olo kuhlola ukuziva kwamathumbu, oluzelwe kumashumi eminyaka kwenziwa kunye nokulungiswa, yeyona nto ithintela iimpazamo ezibizayo. Imalunga nokukhokela umyili kwindawo esebenza ngokubini kwaye iphoswe ngokwendalo.
Izinto eziphathekayo AyiloBanga Nje
Ukuchaza 316 stainless for a indawo yokuphosa echanekileyo lubizo nje lokuvula. Owuphi u-316? Ukunyibilika okusemgangathweni? I-316L yekhabhoni ephantsi yokumelana nokubola emva kwe-welding? Okanye uguqulelo olulungisiweyo olunolawulo olungqongqo kumxholo we-ferrite ukukhusela i-sigma isigaba se-embrittlement kwinkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu? Ukhetho lwe-alloy luba lubaluleke ngakumbi kwizinto ezikhethekileyo. Sasineprojekthi yokwakhiwa kweziko efuna ingxubevange esekwe nickel. Ushicilelo uthe Inconel 625. Ingxubevange elungileyo. Kodwa kwicandelo eliza kubona ubushushu obuzinzileyo kunye nomthwalo ophakathi, umgangatho wokuphosa we-625 wawungekho. Sityhale i-tweak encinci kwi-aluminium kunye nomxholo we-titanium ukwenzela ukomelela koxinzelelo olungcono, isiphakamiso esavela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-metallurgist kwi-Foundry esasibambisene nayo. Yongeza mhlawumbi i-5% kwiindleko zezinto eziphathekayo kodwa iphinda kabini ubomi benkonzo. Oko kukuchaneka kwinqanaba leathom.
Kwaye ke kukho inyani post-casting. Ibakala elifanayo ukusuka kwiziseko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo linokuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo emva konyango lobushushu. Yehla kwisenzo sokunyibilika, i-deoxidation, kunye nobushushu bokugalela. I-Foundry ekhethekileyo ukuphosa intsimbi kunye ne-alloys ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-QSY ikhankanya kububanzi bazo, ziya kuba nezazo iiresiphi kwaye zicime izinto ezikhethwa yimidiya ukubetha iipropathi ezifunekayo zoomatshini ngokungaguqukiyo. Awukwazi ukucinga nje ukuba i-4140 yentsimbi iya kubetha i-280 BHN emva kokucima incwadi kunye nomsindo. Kuya kufuneka ulivavanye, usike amakhuphoni kubagijimi, kwaye uvavanye. Ukuchaneka kuvaliwe kulawulo lwenkqubo, kungekhona nje kwingxelo yekhemistri.
Umphezulu yiNjini
Enye yezona zinto zingahoywayo zenxalenye yentsimbi echanekileyo kukuphoswa komphezulu. Abantu bathi phithi kukuchaneka komgangatho kwaye balibale ukuba ukuthungwa komphezulu yeyona nto iphambili yokubola, ukudinwa kunye nokunxiba. I-investment casting elungileyo kufuneka iphume ngoburhabaxa bomphezulu obujikeleze iRa 3.2 μm okanye ngcono, ngqo ukusuka kwiqokobhe. Kodwa loo nto yi-avareji. Ngaphantsi kwemakroskopu, unokubona ukubandakanywa kweoksidi encinci, umngxuma womphezulu wemizuzu, okanye umphumo we-orenji yamaxolo ukusuka kwi-ceramic slurry. Kumzimba wevalvu yehydraulic, oko kulungile. Kumphezulu wetywina oguqukayo okanye icandelo lokudinwa komjikelo ophezulu, akunjalo.
Kulapho udibaniso kunye noomatshini, apho i-QSY iqaqambisa ngamandla abo e-CNC, ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhamba kwehlabathi lokwenyani endihlala ndikubona kukuba: ukuphoswa kufutshane ne-net-shape, shiya isitokhwe esincinci (kaninzi yi-0.5mm okanye nangaphantsi kwindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yedatha), emva koko umatshini. Kodwa iqhinga likulandelelwano. Ngaba uxinezeleko luyathomalalisa phambi komatshini orhabaxa? Ubamba njani isakhelo esimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga ngaphandle kokuphazamisa? Sakhe saba necandelo eligutyungelwe ngodonga olucekethekileyo lwe turbine. Ukufakwa bekukuhle. Kodwa ngexesha le-CNC yokubamba umngxuma we-bolt, uxinzelelo oluncinci lwayigqwetha yonke iprofayile. Isisombululo yayikukuyila into ethambileyo, ehambelanayo exhasa umva wonke, into eyenziwa liqela loomatshini ngokuhambelana neenjineli zokuphosa. Sesi sandla phakathi kokuphosa kunye nomatshini esahlula indawo elungileyo ukusuka kwenkulu. Ukuphosa okuchanekileyo kukufumana i-95% apho; i-machining ekrelekrele kunye nokugqiba isikhonkwane i-5% yokugqibela echaza ukuthembeka.
Xa Ukulunga Kwanele Akukho
Uxinzelelo lwezorhwebo luhlala lunciphisa iindleko: sebenzisa izinto ezincinci, imijikelezo ekhawulezayo, i-alloys engabizi. Kodwa ngeendawo ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, iindleko zokusilela ziphezulu kangangokuba ukulunga ngokwaneleyo luphawu oluyingozi. Ihlala ihla kuvavanyo olungonakalisi (NDT). Iradiyografi (iX-reyi) isemgangathweni kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo. Kodwa ngaba ujonge iindawo ezifanelekileyo? I-Foundry kufuneka ikwazi ukukuxelela, ngokusekelwe kuyilo lwesango, apho i-shrinkage porosity inokwenzeka kakhulu. Kulapho ugxininise khona kwiifoto zakho zeX-reyi. Ukuqhekeka komphezulu, ukuhlolwa kwe-fluorescent penetrant (FPI) kulungile, kodwa ngenxa yeziphene ezingaphantsi komhlaba kwiindawo eziphezulu zengqibelelo ezifana nezo ze-aerospace okanye unyango, unokufuna uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic.
Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yamalungu e-cobalt-chromium alloy kwisixhobo sonyango. Baphumelele iitshekhi ezibonakalayo kunye nemilinganiselo. Kodwa ngexesha lophicotho lwesiqhelo, sigqibe ekubeni senze iFPI ebanzi ngakumbi kwisampulu. Ufumene i-hairline crack kufuphi nendawo yokususa isango kwiindawo ezimbalwa. Oyena nobangela? Ukungahambelani okuncinci kwinkqubo yokubhaka iqokobhe elijikelezayo, okukhokelela ekukrazukeni okutshisa okuncinci. Yayingengokusilela kwenkqubo, kodwa yabulala ibhetshi yonke. I-Foundry idle iindleko, kunjalo, kodwa isifundo esikhulu sasimalunga nezicwangciso zesampuli kunye nenkqubo yokukhukuliseka. Nangona uneminyaka engama-30 yamava, awukwazi ukukhululeka. Ubushushu bonke, iqokobhe ngalinye, sisiganeko esitsha. Ukuchaneka kugcinwa ngoqeqesho olungapheliyo kunye ne-paranoia enempilo.
Umlinganiselo Wokwenyani Wokuchaneka
Ke, sithini isalathiso sokugqibela senqanaba eliphezulu intsimbi echanekileyo yokuphosa? Ayilonqaku lokuqala elibenyezelayo kwitafile yenkomfa. Kukudlala kuNyaka wesi-3, uNyaka wesi-5. Kukungaguquguquki kwimveliso eqhutywa ngamaqhekeza angama-10,000, apho icandelo loku-1 kunye necandelo le-10,000 zingena kwindibano enye enococeko olufanayo, zibonise ukuxhathisa umhlwa okufanayo, kwaye zithwele umthwalo ofanayo. Olo lungelelwaniso luzalwa yinkqubo evuthiweyo, elawulwayo kunye nenkcubeko engasileli cala.
Ziiziseko eziye zahlangabezana nemijikelo emininzi yeshishini, ityale imali kwitekhnoloji yolawulo lwenkqubo efana nezijongi zobushushu kunye nezilawuli zokufuma kweqokobhe, kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, zigcine abenzi beepateni abanezakhono kunye nabaqhubi beziko. Xa usebenza neqabane elifana ne-QSY, awuthengi nje uluhlu lwezixhobo zabo. Uthenga inkumbulo edibeneyo yaloo minyaka ingama-30-inkumbulo yento ebangela ukuba inkungu iqhube kwicandelo elicekethekileyo, indlela ingxubevange ethile equkuqela ngayo kubumba oluntsonkothileyo, kunye nendlela yokutshintsha ijiko lokuphatha ubushushu kwijiyometri ethile. Oko kukuchaneka okungabambekiyo ongenakukubeka kwiphepha elithile kodwa ngumahluko phakathi kwecandelo kunye ne-asethi ethembekileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, inxalenye yi-artifact ebonakalayo. Imveliso yokwenyani kukuqiniseka ukuba iya kwenza. Loo ngqiniseko yakhiwe ngentsebenziswano enyanisekileyo, ukuqonda okunzulu kwezinto eziphathekayo, intlonipho yenkqubo yezinto, kunye nokwala okwabelwanayo ukwamkela mhlawumbi kulungile. Kulapho ubuchwephesha bokwenyani, kunye nexabiso lokwenyani, ekubunjweni kwentsimbi ngokuchanekileyo.
