Uva 'i-Stellite 21' kwaye ngokukhawuleza ucinge 'i-alloy ephezulu,' akunjalo? Kunzima kumatshini, unxiba ngonaphakade, ukuya kwiimeko ezinzima. Leyo yinguqulelo yencwadana. Inyani kumgangatho wevenkile, ngakumbi xa ujongana neendawo zelifa okanye ulungelelwaniso olulodwa, imbi. Ayisiyonto nje yobulukhuni okanye imilinganiselo yokuqamba; imalunga nendlela izinto eziziphatha ngayo xa uzama ukuyenza ibe bubuso betywina obusebenzayo okanye ivalve trim engaziqhayi inyongo ngokufa kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Uninzi lwababoneleli bakuthengisela isitokhwe sebha esiqinisekisiweyo kwaye bahlambe izandla zabo kuso. Ixabiso lokwenyani, ngokombono wam, livela kwisinxibo esiqondayo uhambo ukusuka kwizinto eziluhlaza ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo, yonke i-saga yokuphosa kunye ne-machining. Kulapho iimpahla ezinesiseko esinzulu kunye neengcambu ze-CNC, njenge Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), vula i-niche yabo. Bebekumdlalo wokuphosa kunye noomatshini iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu, okuthetha ukuba babone ngandlela zonke ingxubevange ye-cobalt-chrome inokukothusa.
IStellite 21 Special Sheet vs. Ivenkile yoomatshini
Ukuqulunqwa kwegama kuchanekileyo ngokwaneleyo: i-cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy kunye nomxholo we-nickel ohloniphekileyo. Ukuchasana nokugqwesa okulungileyo, ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kwe-galling, kugcina amandla kumaqondo aphezulu. Iphepha ledatha liyenza ivakale njengembumbulu yesilivere kwi-high-wear, izicelo eziphezulu zokushisa. Kodwa okokuqala ubeka isixhobo kuyo, ibali liyatshintsha. Ayifani nomatshini ongenabala. Isebenza-nzima ngamandla. Ukuba isantya sakho, iifidi, kunye nendlela yesixhobo ayibhalwanga ngokufanelekileyo, awuyikusikwa-upholisha indawo ebiza kakhulu, enzima kakhulu eya kuthi emva koko itye i-carbide yakho. Udinga ukuseta okuqinileyo, iijiyometri zehariki ezilungileyo, kunye nezinto ezininzi zokupholisa ezijolise ngqo kumda wokusika. Yinkqubo oyifundayo kwi-scrap, ngokunyanisekileyo.
Yilapho indlela edibeneyo yenkampani efana ne-QSY ibalulekile. Abathengi nje isitokhwe sebha; bavelisa iicastings nge iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kwaye utyalo mali. Ukuqala ukusuka ekujuleni kufutshane ukuya kwimilo yomnatha luncedo olukhulu nge-Stellite 21. Ususa imathiriyeli encinci, ecutha ixesha lobuchwephesha, ukunxitywa kwezixhobo, kunye noxinzelelo kwicala. Kodwa ukuyikhupha kuzisa ezazo iidemon-ukulawula i-shrinkage porosity, ukuqinisekisa ukufana. Iminyaka yabo engama-30 besenza ialloyi ezikhethekileyo ayingomgca wentengiso nje; nguvimba wolwazi malunga nendlela yokufumana isandi salo mathiriyeli wobushushu phambi kokuba i-CNC iphinde ijikelezise.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yokutywinwa kwempompo yokulungiswa kweekhemikhali. I-spec ibize iStellite 21 kubuso bobabini bokukhwelana. Umxhasi ekuqaleni wafumana amakhonkco enziwe ngoomatshini ukusuka kwivenkile yomatshini eqhelekileyo. Basilela phambi kwexesha ngenxa yeentanda ezincinci ezinokuthi zivele kwinkqubo yomatshini evelisa ubushushu obuninzi bendawo. Satshintshela kumthengisi usebenzisa indlela edibeneyo yokuphosa kunye nomatshini-uhlobo lwe-QSY oluyimizekelo. Umahluko wawukwi-microstructure. Ukuqala kwi-casting ephethwe ngokufanelekileyo yobushushu abaveliswe kuyo endlwini, imfezeko yomphezulu owenziwe ngoomatshini yayiphezulu. Inxalenye yahlala. Yayingengomlingo; yayilulawulo phezu kwalo lonke ikhonkco lexabiso.
Apho Ikhazimula khona (Kwaye apho Ingakhanyisiyo)
I-Stellite 21 ayisiyiyo yonke into. Indawo yayo eswiti kulapho unonxibelelwano lwentsimbi ukuya kwintsimbi etyibilikayo phantsi komthwalo, mhlawumbi kukho ubushushu obuthile kunye nezinto ezidliwayo eziphoswe ngaphakathi. Cinga ngemikhono yempompo, imisesane yokutywina, izitulo zevalvu, nxiba iipleyiti kwiindawo ezishushu. Ukuxhathisa kwayo kwi-adhesive wear (galling) luphawu olubulalayo. Ungayiqhuba ngokuchasene nayo okanye ngokuchasene ne-316 engenasici kwiimeko ezininzi ngaphandle kokuzidibanisa kunye.
Kodwa impazamo eqhelekileyo iphosa kuyo yonke ingxaki ye-abrasion. I-abrasion ecocekileyo evela kwiincinci ezinzima-njenge-santi slurry-intsimbi eqiniweyo okanye i-ceramic ingaba yinto engcono, eyongayo. I-Stellite 21 inzima, kodwa inokugotywa. Amandla ayo ekuchaseni uhlobo lokugqoka oluqala nge-microwelding kwaye luqhubela phambili ekukrazuleni.
Enye i-nuance kukusingqongileyo. Ilungile kwii-oxidizing ezininzi kunye nokunciphisa iiasidi, kodwa qaphela i-hydrochloric kunye nesulfuric kwiindawo ezithile kunye namaqondo obushushu. Kufuneka unqamleze iitshathi zomhlwa ngononophelo. Ndiyibonile ikhankanyiwe kwisicelo samanzi olwandle apho iikloridi zibangele ukuthotywa komngxuma kwiindawo eziphelelwe yichromium. Ukusilela bekunganxitywanga; ibingumhlwa ophuma kwinto engahoywayo yokusingqongileyo. Iqabane elilungileyo lobugcisa kufuneka liphonononge ezi nkcukacha zesicelo, hayi nje ukuthatha iodolo.
Umdaniso woMachining: Ukutya, Izantya, kunye noBomi besixhobo
Makhe sisebenzise. Kwi-lathe ye-CNC, ujika i-Stellite 21 casting okanye ibha, uhamba ngentambo eqinile. Ukucotha kakhulu, kwaye usebenza-uqina umphezulu, wenze ukudlula okulandelayo kungenzeki. Ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye usothuse isixhobo ngokushushu, nto leyo ekhokelela kukusilela okuyintlekele. Ngokurhabaxa, ndiye ndanethamsanqa elihle nge-carbide egqunyiweyo, isantya esiphakathi komphezulu, kunye nezinga lokutya elilawulwayo. Injongo kukungena phantsi komgangatho womsebenzi onzima. Amanxeba aphazamisekileyo lutshaba; izixhobo zetshiphu.
Ukugqiba kobunye ubugcisa. Udinga umda obukhali, ukutya okucolekileyo ukuze ugqibezele umgangatho olungileyo, kwaye kufuneka uphephe ukuhlala. Kulapho ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha be-CNC bungena khona. Ukucwangcisa iindlela zesixhobo eziphuculweyo ezigcina ukubandakanyeka kwesixhobo rhoqo kubalulekile. Akukhona nje ngokuba noomatshini, nto leyo QSY uluhlu phakathi kwezakhono zabo, kodwa malunga nokuba nabadwelisi kunye nabaqhubi abaqondayo ubuntu bezinto eziphathekayo.
Ukugrumba nokucofa? Iyenzeka, kodwa yicwangcisele yona. I-Peck drilling, izibambi zezixhobo eziqinileyo, kunye neejometri ezithile ze-cobalt alloys azixoxiswana. Ndingathanda ukuxoxa ukuba ungayila indawo ukunqanda i-diameter encinci, imingxuma enzulu okanye imisonto emihle kwi-Stellite 21, yenze. Ngamanye amaxesha, kungcono ukuyila uxhaso lwentsimbi okanye ufakele imisebenzi ye-fastener kwaye ube ne-Stellite njenge-overlay okanye i-welded pad. Okukhokelela kwinqaku elilandelayo...
Ukujoyina kunye Post-Processing ingqalelo
I-Welding Stellite 21, idla ngokuba yi-hardfacing, ixhaphakile. Kodwa ukuwelda icandelo elipheleleyo? Lo ngumsebenzi wobuchule obuphezulu. Ukushisa kwangaphambili kunye nonyango olushushu lwasemva kwe-weld lubalulekile ukuphepha ukuqhekeka ngenxa ye-coefficient yayo ephezulu yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokuthambekela ekwenzeni izigaba ezinqabileyo. Ukuba unenxalenye eyenziwe ngoomatshini ukusuka kwi-casting, umjikelo wonyango wobushushu we-Foundry ubaluleke kakhulu. Idinga ukukhulula uxinzelelo lokuphosa kwaye ivelise isakhiwo esifunwayo se-carbide kwi-matrix.
Ukusila kudla ngokuba linyathelo lokugqibela lokufumana ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo kunye nokugqitywa kwesipili ebusweni betywina. Sebenzisa ivili lasekunene (lihlala lithambile, livulekile-ulwakhiwo lwe-aluminiyam oxide okanye ivili lesilicon carbide), into eninzi yokupholisa, kunye nokudlula kokukhanya. Izinto eziphathekayo zilungele ukutshisa ukutshisa, okunokudala uxinzelelo kunye nokuqhekeka kwemizuzu-indawo yokuqalisa efanelekileyo yokungaphumeleli kwinkonzo.
Lo mbono opheleleyo wenkqubo yokuvelisa-ukusuka ekukhethweni kwe-alloy kwinqanaba lokuphosa (ialloys esekwe cobalt ukuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiziseko ezininzi) ukuya kuthi ga ekusileni kokugqibela-yinto eyahlula amalungu adibana noshicilelo kumacandelo asindayo ebaleni. Ngumahluko phakathi kwecandelo kunye nesisombululo esithembekileyo.
I-Case in Point: I-Valve Trim Saga
Umzekelo wekhonkrithi osuka kwimemori ubandakanya ivalve yolawulo yenkonzo yokwehlisa umphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu. I-trim (iplagi kunye nesihlalo) yayiyi-17-4PH ingenasici. Yahlala malunga neenyanga ezi-8 ngaphambi kokuba ukhukuliseko olugqithisileyo kunye ne-galling kubangele ukuvuza. Indlela yokuphucula ithathelwe ingqalelo iStellite 6 (ikhabhoni ephezulu, ilukhuni, ingagugi kakhulu kodwa incinci kancinci) kunye neStellite 21.
Siye sahamba kunye ne-Stellite 21 ngenxa yokuchasana kwempembelelo engcono kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-galling kwesi sicelo esithile, apho i-cavitation encinci yayinokwenzeka. Umceli mngeni yayiziijiyometri zangaphakathi ezintsonkothileyo zamalungu esitrim, awayengafanelekanga ukwenza oomatshini ukusuka kwibha eqinileyo. Isisombululo yayikukuba batyale imali yingcali enobuchule bokwenza oomatshini. Umthengisi, ngokufanayo kwi-scope Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., iveliswe kufutshane ne-net-shape castings nge yabo utyalo mali inkqubo, wenza unyango oluyimfuneko ubushushu, waza wagqiba ukuchaneka CNC machining kwiindawo zokutywina ezibalulekileyo. Isiphumo yaba yinxalenye esindileyo kwibhayisekile eshushu kunye nempembelelo encinci yenkonzo. Iindleko beziphezulu kwasekuqaleni, kodwa iindleko zomjikelo wobomi zizonke bezisezantsi.
I-takeway? Ukuchaza iStellite 21 linyathelo nje lokuqala. Ukuphunyezwa-indlela eyenziwe ngayo-yinto echaza impumelelo. Ufuna iqabane elilawula izigaba ezibalulekileyo: ukuvelisa isandi, ukuphosa okulinganayo; ukwenza unyango oluchanekileyo lobushushu; kunye nokwenza oomatshini abanengqeqesho, abanolwazi. Xa ezi ziphantsi kophahla olunye, iilophu zonxibelelwano ziqinile, kwaye ukuphendula kucacile. Inciphisa izinto eziguquguqukayo kwizinto esele ziguquguquka.
Ke, kwixesha elizayo xa ujonge iStellite 21 kumzobo, cinga ngaphaya kwe-callout yezinto. Cinga malunga ne-Foundry, ivenkile yomatshini, kunye nentambo yamava edibanisa nabo. Kulapho ingcaciso yokwenyani ilele khona.
