Ubona 'iStellite' ijulwe macala onke kwiimpawu zevalvu, ngakumbi iibhola kunye nezihlalo. Ingqikelelo ekhawulezileyo kukuba yinto nje enzima kakhulu, enganxibiyo oyiqhwabayo, kunye ne-boom-ingxaki isonjululwe. Kulapho inkathazo eninzi iqala khona. Enyanisweni, ukucacisa a Ibhola yevalve yeStellite kunye nesihlalo ayisosigqibo esinye; luluhlu lwezinto ezikhethiweyo ezidityanisiweyo malunga ne-substrate, indlela yesicelo, ibakala elithile le-Stellite, kunye ne-machining yokugqibela. Fumana enye engalunganga, kwaye yonke indibano inokungaqhubi kakuhle okanye ingaphumeleli kwangaphambi kwexesha, iguqule utyalo-mali lweprimiyamu ibe sisifundo esinexabiso elikhulu.
Uluvo olungelulo olungundoqo: Kumalunga noBulukhuni
Uninzi lwamaphepha okuthenga alungiswa kubulukhuni, adla ngokufuna into efana ne-HRC 40-45 ubuncinci kwiStellite 6 umalekayo. Ngelixa ubulukhuni bubalulekile kuxhathiso lwe-abrasion, yinxalenye yebali kuphela. Ndibone izihlalo ezidibana nobunzima obuthile kodwa ziqhekekile kwinkonzo ngenxa yokuba izinto ezisisiseko, zithi i-13Cr martensitic stainless, ayilungiswanga ngokuchanekileyo okanye iStellite isetyenziswe ngokutyebileyo ngaphandle kokukhululeka koxinzelelo olufanelekileyo. Iqhina lasilela. I-obsession enenani ayihoyi ukuhambelana kwe-metallurgical kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olusuka kwi-welding okanye ukutshiza.
Emva koko kukho i-substrate. Awukwazi ukufaka iStellite kuyo nantoni na. Kwibhola, uhlala ujonge i-17-4PH okanye i-316SS engundoqo. Kwisihlalo, sinokudityaniswa kwi-410 okanye kwi-Inconel 718. I-coefficients yokwandisa i-thermal kufuneka ibe kwi-ballpark efanayo. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yevalve yoxinzelelo oluphezulu apho umsesane wesihlalo wawuyi-316L, kwaye safaka i-Stellite 21 layer. Ngexesha lokuhamba ngebhayisikile ye-thermal, ukwandiswa okungafaniyo kubangele ukuqhekeka kweenwele kwi-interface. Inxalenye idlulise ubulukhuni be-QA kunye nedayi yokungena, kodwa yasilela ebaleni emva kwemijikelo embalwa. Oyena nobangela? Ukukhetha i-substrate yaloo msebenzi we-thermal ethile yayingalunganga.
Inkqubo yesicelo ngokwayo yindawo yemigodi. I-PTA (i-Plasma Transferred Arc) iwelding iqhelekile kwaye inika i-superb, i-metallurgical bond eshinyeneyo, kodwa igalelo lobushushu libalulekile. Ukufakwa kweLaser kuchaneke ngakumbi ngobushushu obuncinci, kodwa ixabiso lenkunzi liphezulu kwaye i-powder morphology kufuneka igqibelele. I-Oxy-acetylene welding, indlela yesikolo esidala, isekho ukuze ilungiswe; inika idiphozithi elungileyo, ethambileyo kodwa ixhomekeke kakhulu kwisakhono. Indlela nganye iphumela kwi-microstructure eyahlukileyo, izinga lokuhlanjululwa kunye nesiseko sesinyithi, kunye nemeko yokugqibela yoxinzelelo. Ukuchaza ukoleka kweStellite ngaphandle kokuchaza inkqubo sisimemo sokuguquguquka.
Ukukhetha iBanga: iStellite 6, 12, 21, okanye enye into?
I-Stellite 6 lihashe lomsebenzi, i-corrosion elungileyo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba. Kodwa akusoloko kuyimpendulo. Kwiinkonzo ezikhukuliseka kakhulu, ezinodaka lwesanti, iStellite 12, enomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni yeekhabhide ezininzi, inokubambelela ngcono. Nangona kunjalo, obo bunzima bongezelelweyo buza kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokuchasana. Kwiinkonzo ezine-cavitation ebalulekileyo, njengeempompo zokukhupha i-valve, i-ductile ye-Stellite 21 ngamanye amaxesha inokufunxa iimpembelelo ezincinci ngaphandle kwe-micro-fracturing.
Kulapho ubambiswano kunye ne-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini eqonda imicimbi epheleleyo yobomi. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye neminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu ekujuleni nasekusebenzeni, ngokuqhelekileyo ufumana oku. Asingabo nje abathabathi-odolo; amava abo ekubumbeni iqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, kunye nomsebenzi wabo nge-cobalt kunye ne-nickel alloys, kuthetha ukuba babona indawo ukusuka kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ukuya kumlinganiselo ogqityiweyo. Baza kuba ngabo abaza kubuza ukuba i-Stellite 6 PTA yokwaleka kwi-investment-cast 17-4PH ibhola ngumnxeba ochanekileyo wenkonzo ethile yegesi emuncu, ebonisa ukuba mhlawumbi iprotocol eyahlukileyo yangaphambi kobushushu okanye ukutshintshela kwi-alloy ye-nickel-based alloy overlay efana ne-Colmonoy yokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-sulfide olungcono.
UMtyholi ukwi-post-clad yonyango lobushushu kunye ne-machining. Emva kokugquma, ukukhululeka koxinzelelo akunakuxoxisana. Ukucutha umphezulu ogqunyiweyo ukuya kukunyamezelana kokugqibela, ngakumbi kumphezulu webhola engqukuva okanye i-engile yesihlalo emxinwa, bubuchule obukhethekileyo. Udinga ukuseta kwe-CNC eqinile ngokwaneleyo yokuphatha ukusikwa okuphakathi kunye nezixhobo ezinokulawula ubunzima, ubume be-gummy ye-Stellite ngaphandle kokwenza lukhuni umphezulu. Isitulo esingasebenzanga kakuhle siya kuba neenyembezi ezincinci eziye zibe ziindawo zokuqalisa ukhukuliseko. Kuye kwafuneka ndala iinxalenye ezibonakala zigqibelele kwi-CMM kodwa ndaziva ndine-gritty xa uqhuba isikhonkwane phezu kwendawo yokutywina-uphawu olucacileyo lwezinto ezikrazukileyo kwisixhobo esiluthuntu.
Imigibe yokwenyani yehlabathi kunye neeNxuwano zeNdibano
Nokuba kunezinto ezigqibeleleyo, indibano inokubulala ukusebenza. Impazamo yakudala igqithise-torquing umgcini wesihlalo. Unayo le ringi yesitulo seStellite eyenziwe ngoomatshini icinezelwe okanye ifakwe emzimbeni omkhulu. Ukuba i-fit iqinile kakhulu okanye i-torque iphezulu kakhulu, unako ukuphazamisa i-ring seat, udale i-non-circular bore. Ibhola ke iya kuthi ivale kuphela kwindawo ephezulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugugeni okukhawulezileyo kunye nokuvuza. Oku ndikufunde kabuhlungu kwiseti yeevalvu zebhola ezifakwe kwi-trunnion. Siye sileqa ukuvuza iiveki, sitshintsha iibhola kunye nezihlalo, ngaphambi kokuba ekugqibeleni sijonge i-bore geometry yepokotho yesitulo emzimbeni - ibiyi-oval ngezishumi ezimbalwa emva kwendibano.
Enye inqaku elifihlakeleyo kukuqhekeza okanye ukuqhwaba. Ezinye ii-purists zinyanzelisa ukuba iibhola zeStellite kunye nezihlalo kufuneka zihlanganiswe kancinci njengeseti ehambelanayo. Abanye baphikisa ngelithi ngoomatshini bale mihla be-CNC, kufuneka batywine ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Ukuthatha kwam kuxhomekeke kwiklasi yokutywinwa. Kwi-ANSI Class VI (i-bubble-tight) izihlalo ezithambileyo, ayinamsebenzi. Ukuhlaliswa kwesinyithi, i-Class IV okanye i-V, ukukhanya kakhulu, ukulawulwa kwe-lapping kunye nekhompawundi efanelekileyo kunokuncedisa ngokudibanisa amanqaku aphezulu amancinci. Kodwa uyigqithise, kwaye uyonakalisa ijometri kunye nokugqiba komphezulu. Yinto yochuku, hayi inkqubo onokuthi uyibhale ngokulula.
Ixabiso leMveliso eDityanisiweyo
Yiyo loo nto umahluko phakathi kwevenkile yemisebenzi elula kunye nomvelisi odibeneyo ubalulekile. Xa ukuphosa, ukugquma, unyango lobushushu, kunye nokuchaneka komatshini kuphantsi kophahla olunye, okanye ubuncinci kulungelelaniswa ngokuqinileyo, unqanda ukukhombana ngeminwe okuninzi. Ukuba kukho isiphene kwi-substrate casting ebonisa kuphela emva kokugquma, umboneleli omnye-umthombo ungumnikazi wengxaki. Bangakwazi ukulandelela imbali ye-thermal yecandelo ukusuka ekuqaleni.
Ukujonga umboneleli onje QSY (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), ukunikezelwa kwabo kwe-shell mold kunye ne-investment casting edityaniswe ne-CNC machining yezinto ezibandakanya i-cobalt-based alloys ithetha ngolu hlanganiso. Kuba Ibhola yevalve ye-Stellite, banokuthi utyalo-mali olunokubakho luphose undoqo webhola ukuya kwimilo ekufutshane ne-net ukusuka kwi-stainless efanelekileyo, ukwenza i-PTA cladding endlini, ukuqhuba ubushushu obufunekayo emva kwe-weld, kwaye emva koko ukugqiba umatshini we-spherical surface kunye ne-stem uxhumano kwi-lathe ye-CNC enezixhobo eziphilayo. Oko kuqhubeka kulawula iinguqu. Injineli yalapho iya kwazi kanye ukuba singakanani isitokhwe ekufuneka sishiywe kwindawo yokugalela umaleko ogqunyiweyo, ukuba le nxalenye igqwetheka njani ngexesha lewelding, kunye nendlela yokuyilungisa ukuze ibambe ishumi.
Enye indlela litsheyini lonikezelo eliqhekekileyo: Inkampani A ivala okungenanto, iNkampani B yenza izigqubuthelo, iNkampani C iphatha ubushushu, iNkampani D yenza ubutshinga. Inyathelo ngalinye longeza izinto, ukulungisa iimpazamo, kwaye, ngokuyingozi kakhulu, ukusasazwa koxanduva. Xa isihlalo esigqityiweyo singaphumeleli kuvavanyo lokuvuza kwe-helium, wonke umntu ugxeka omnye umfana. Indlela ehlanganisiweyo isenokungasoloko inexabiso eliphantsi kwisicatshulwa sokuqala, kodwa inciphisa kakhulu ixabiso elipheleleyo lomgangatho kunye nomngcipheko.
Iingcamango Zokuqukumbela: YiNkqubo, Ayiyo Coating
Ke, xa uphinda uphonononga i-spec kwi-a Isihlalo seStellite kunye nebhola, jonga ngaphaya kwe-callout yezinto eziphathekayo. Cinga ngokwenkqubo. Yintoni indawo epheleleyo yeekhemikhali kunye neyomatshini? Yintoni i-substrate, kwaye iyahambelana? Isetyenziswa kwaye igqitywe njani iStellite? Aza kuhlanganiswa njani amalungu? Akukho qheliselo lungcono jikelele, kuphela eyona seti ifanelekileyo yokuyekelela kwinkonzo.
Injongo asikokuba necandelo leStellite. Injongo kukuba nesisombululo esithembekileyo, esihlala ixesha elide lokutywinwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, oko kusenokuthetha ukubuza isiseko - kuxinzelelo oluthile oluphantsi, inkonzo ecocekileyo, i-440C eqinile okanye i-nitride-treated 17-4PH inokwenza umsebenzi ngexabiso eliphantsi. Kodwa xa ufuna indibaniselwano yokumelana ne-galling, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye nokumelana nokhukuliseko olubonelelwa ngokukhethekileyo yi-cobalt alloys, emva koko uzibophelele kubunjineli becandelo lonke elinokuqonda. Asinto ithengwayo; yintsebenziswano yobuchwephesha phakathi komyili kunye nomvelisi ongcolisa izandla zabo ngale nkqubo. Kulapho ukuthembeka kokwenene kwakhiwa khona.
