Uma ubona igama lokusesha elifana ne-'17 4 ph investigative casting', kulula ukucabanga ukuthi kungenye nje into efakiwe yeshidi lemininingwane. Eqinisweni, isifinyezo sesethi yonke yezinselelo nezinqumo esitolo. Abantu abaningi abathengayo noma onjiniyela abancane bacabanga ukuthi ukucacisa 17-4 PH, noma 17-4PH insimbi engagqwali, kuyisixazululo sokumisa okukodwa sokudinga amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okumaphakathi. Bavame ukugeja isimo esibucayi sika-H—isimo sokwelashwa kokushisa—okuyikho konke. Ngibone ukuphrinta kungena nje kusho u-17-4 PH wokutshala imali, futhi yilapho ingxoxo yangempela, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlungu bekhanda, buqala khona.
Inselele Eyinhloko: Konke Kumayelana Nesimo H900, H1025, noma H1100
Awuvele uphonse i-17-4 PH; uyawuphonsa bese uyawufudumeza uwuphathe esimweni esithile ukuze uthole izakhiwo ozidingayo. Lena imfoloko enkulu yokuqala emgwaqeni. Isimo se-as-cast sinesixazululo (Isimo A). Ithambile uma iqhathaniswa, iyasebenziseka, kodwa ayinawo amandla aqiniswe yimvula adumile. Umlingo wenzeka ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa okunezinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuguga. I-H900 ikunikeza amandla okugcina aqinile, idlule ku-190 ksi, kodwa ihlakazeke kakhudlwana futhi ibhere uma lisebenza. I-H1150 ihlinzeka ngokuqina okungcono nokumelana nokugqwala, kodwa uhweba ngesiqephu esibalulekile salawo mandla aphakeme.
Ukukhetha isimo esingalungile sohlelo lokusebenza kuyiphutha lakudala, elibizayo. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yengxenye yasolwandle lapho umklami, eqiniswe ngamandla, ecacisa i-H900. Ingxenye iphumelele zonke izivivinyo zelebhu kodwa yehluleka emkhakheni ngenxa yokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi kuleso simo sokuqina okuphezulu. Kwadingeka ukuthi siphinde siphonse futhi sishise futhi siphathe yonke inqwaba ku-H1150, exazulule inkinga yenkambu kodwa yalibazisa iphrojekthi ngezinyanga. Siyini isifundo? Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-17-4 PH kuncike kakhulu esimweni, hhayi inombolo egxilile.
Yilapho ukusebenza ne-Foundry eqonda i-metallurgy, hhayi nje ukubumba, akuxoxiswana. Isitolo esifana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ngeminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu ukutshala imali nokwenza imishini, ngokuvamile uthola lokhu. Babengeke bavele bathele insimbi bayithumele ngomkhumbi. Inqubo yabo izobandakanya iphrothokholi yokwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokusakazwa, futhi bazomaka i-spec engaphelele kusenesikhathi. Ungabona indlela yabo yokwenza izinto, kufaka phakathi ama-alloys akhethekile, esizeni sabo ku tsngtaocnc.com. Yilolu lwazi oluhlanganisiwe lokusakaza nokucubungula okushisayo okulandelayo okuhlukanisa umphakeli wezingxenye nozakwethu wobunjiniyela.
I-Gating, Ukondla, kanye Nempi Yokunciphisa
Ukusuka ku-metallurgy kuya ekubunjweni, i-17-4 PH iveza isethi yayo yezinselele zokuphonsa. Inokuncipha okuqinile kokuqina. Uma isistimu yakho yokugenca nesikhuphukeli (isiphakeli) ingakhiwanga kahle, uzothola ukushwabana kwe-porosity, ngokuvamile ezindaweni zokugcina ukuze kuqiniswe njengezingxenye eziwugqinsi noma ukuhlangana. Lesi akusona isici esingaphezulu ongakwazi ukusigaya; ingaphakathi futhi izobulala ubuqotho bemishini yengxenye, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kokulayisha ukukhathala.
Sifunde lokhu ngokugijima kokukhiqiza okubuhlungu, kwenqwaba encane kubakaki be-actuator ye-aerospace. Ijiyomethri yayinodonga oluyinkimbinkimbi, olungalingani. Amasampula okuqala abukeka elungile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, nokho, kwembula inethiwekhi ye-micro-shrinkage kuhabhu emaphakathi. Amabha aqinile asikwe kuleyo ndawo ahlulekile ngokumangalisayo ngaphansi kwe-spec. Inkinga? Ukubala kwethu okujwayelekile kokuphakelayo, okusebenze kahle kokungu-316 okungenasici, bekungenele ezicini zokuqiniswa okungu-17-4. Kwadingeka sihlele kabusha sonke isakhiwo sesihlahla, sengeze izikhuphukeli ezinkulu kakhulu futhi sisebenzisa i-exothermic padding ukugcina insimbi ishisa isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezibucayi. Yandisa ukulahlekelwa kwesivuno ngesihlahla ngasinye kodwa yalondoloza izingxenye.
Lena enye indawo lapho isipiliyoni ngezinto ezithile zibalulekile. Isistimu yokubumba igobolondo elijwayelekile le-Foundry ingase idinge ukushintshwa—mhlawumbe ukwakheka okuhlukile kwe-slurry noma i-stucco—ukuze isingathe izidingo ezishisayo zale alloy. Ijenerikhi ukubunjwa kwegobolondo inqubo ayanele; idinga inqubo eshuniselwe izinsimbi eziqinisa imvula.
I-Machining Interlude: Ungakubukeli Ngaphansi
Nali iqiniso elingokoqobo cishe njalo ukufakwa kokutshalwa kwezimali okungu-17-4 PH kuzobhekana: kudinga ukwenziwa ngomshini. Izingxenye ezimbalwa kakhulu ezinomumo wenetha. Unokususwa kwesango, ukuqedwa kwendawo, kanye nomshini we-datum obalulekile. Futhi njengoba kushiwo, ubulukhuni bemishini buhlukahluka kakhulu ngesimo. Ukulungisa isimo A esithambile kuqondile, kodwa-ke uphatha ukushisa, futhi ingxenye izohlanekezela. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyabikezelwa, ngezinye izikhathi akunjalo.
Okunye okomshini osesimweni esiqinile (isb., H900). Lokhu kuyabiza, kuhamba kancane, futhi kunonya ekusetshenzisweni kwamathuluzi. Ubheke ukusethwa kwe-CNC okuqinile, i-premium carbide noma amathuluzi e-CBN, namazinga okuphakela aphansi. Imodeli yezindleko ishintsha ngokuphelele. Yingakho umnikelo ohlanganisiwe we-QSY we ukutshala imali futhi CNC imishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa kuyinzuzo enengqondo. Bangakwazi ukuhlela lonke uhlelo lokukhiqiza ngokuphelele. Ingabe bawumshini omahhadlahhadla ku-Condition A, bashiye isitoko, baphathe ukushisa, bese beqeda umshini? Noma ingabe baphonsa kusimo esiseduze nenetha futhi bamshini wonke ngemuva kokuqina? Leso sinqumo sithinta izindleko, isikhathi sokuhola, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukubekezelela kwejiyomethri engxenyeni yokugcina.
Ngike ngahileleka kumaphrojekthi lapho ukucutshungulwa kwafuywa esitolo sezinkampani zangaphandle engingazi ukuthi i-hardened 17-4. Imiphumela ibe izingxenye ezilahliwe ngenxa yokungaqedi kahle kwendawo, imifantu emincane edalwe ukukhanda okunamandla, nokunganembi kobukhulu. Ukuletha lonke uchungechunge lwenani, noma okungenani izinyathelo ezibucayi zomshini wokushisa ukushisa, ngaphansi kokulawulwa okudidiyelwe kuyisinciphisi sengozi esikhulu.
Ukuthola Okubalulekile Nokulandeleka: Akuwona Wonke 17-4 Alinganayo
Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyisisekelo, kodwa ikhwalithi iqala ngokuncibilika. I-17-4 PH igama le-UNS (S17400), kodwa ububanzi bangempela bekhemistri ngaphakathi kwe-spec lungathinta ukuhlakazeka, ukuqina, kanye nezakhiwo zokugcina. Izinto ezinjengethusi, i-niobium, nebhalansi ye-chromium ne-nickel zidinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile. I-Foundry encibilikisa isitoko sayo sebha eqinisekisiwe noma ibuyela ngaphansi kwesimo esilawulwayo ihlukile kunokuthenga ama-ingots angahleliwe emakethe.
Kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olubalulekile, udinga imibiko egcwele yekhemistri nemibiko yokuhlolwa kokusebenza kusuka endaweni yokushisa yangempela. Lona umkhuba ojwayelekile womsebenzi wochwepheshe. Ikhono lokuhlinzeka ngaleli zinga lamadokhumenti liyinkomba ethule yobuqotho be-Foundry. Uma ubuyekeza umphakeli ofana nalo oshiwo, ukusebenza kwabo kwesikhathi eside kuphakamisa ukuthi bakhe amasistimu alokhu. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30, uthola ukuthola izinto ezingashintshi kanye nokulawula inkatho, noma awuhlali ebhizinisini elisebenzela amakhasimende ezimboni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezingxenyeni ze-aerospace, ezokuvikela, noma zezimoto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, imfuneko ngokuvamile ifinyelela ekuhlolweni kosayizi wokusanhlamvu, ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic kuya kumazinga athile (njenge-ASTM E192), kanye nokuhlolwa kokugqwala. Ukucacisa ukufakwa kwe-investimenti kwe-17-4 PH kuwumugqa nje wokuvula wedokhumenti yencazelo yobuchwepheshe omude ebusa konke lokhu.
Isetshenziswa Nini, Futhi Nini Ukubheka Kwenye indawo
Ngakho-ke, ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, ingabe ukutshala imali kwe-17-4 PH kwenza umqondo? Yinhle kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezidinga isilinganiso esikhulu samandla nesisindo, amandla amahle okukhathala, nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle ezindaweni ezingezimbi kakhulu kunalokho obekungadinga i-super austenitic noma i-nickel-based alloy. Cabanga ngama-turbine blade, ama-impellers, imizimba yama-valve, izingxenye zesibhamu, nezingxenye zamathuluzi okuhlinza. Igcwalisa i-niche phakathi kochungechunge olujwayelekile lwe-300-stainless kanye nebiza kakhulu esekelwe ku-cobalt noma ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel.
Kodwa akukona ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo yonke. Uma ingxenye yakho inezidingo ezidlulele zokugqwala (isb., ukucwiliswa njalo emanzini anosawoti), insimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex noma i-nickel alloy ephakeme ingaba ngcono. Uma udinga ukuqina okwedlulele emazingeni okushisa e-cryogenic, bheka kwenye indawo. Uma i-geometry iyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi ukuhlanekezela kokwelashwa kokushisa akulawuleki, ungase uphoqeleke ukuthi usebenzise i-austenitic eqinile yokusebenza eqinile esikhundleni salokho.
Ukhiye othathwe eminyakeni yokubhekana nalokhu ukuthi ukutshala imali okungu-17-4 PH kuwuchungechunge lwenqubo, hhayi into. Idinga ukuhlonishwa kokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-metallurgy, ubunjiniyela be-Foundry, isayensi yokwelapha ukushisa, kanye nomshini wokunemba. Ukuyilungisa kuzwakala njengokunqoba okuncane njalo. Ukwenza iphutha kuyimfundo ebizayo. Umehluko uvame ukuba ekukhetheni ozakwethu ababona lonke iketango, hhayi nje isixhumanisi sabo esisodwa kulo.
