Ake sikhulume nge-310S engenasici. Ingelinye lalawo mabanga afunda kabanzi, ngokuvamile anenhlonipho engafanele. Abantu bezwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umoya oxidizing, futhi bacabange ukuthi inhlamvu yomlingo. Akunjalo. I-alloy enhle, ungangiphathi kabi, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuncike ngokuphelele emvelweni futhi, ngokujulile, ukuthi icutshungulwa kanjani. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu lapho i-310S icaciswe cishe nge-rote, okuholela ekuhlulekeni okungalindelekile noma kwisabelomali esivunguzayo lapho i-314 noma ingxube ye-nickel efanisiwe kungenzeka kube wumdlalo ohlakaniphile. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nickel ne-chromium (25/20 ngokwegama) kuyinikeza lokho kumelana nokukala okukhulu, kodwa lokho kwakheka okufanayo kukwenza kube isilo ukusebenza—amathuluzi aqinile, ajwayele ukusebenza kanzima, kanye nenselele yangempela yokushisela ngaphandle kokuyenga ukuzwela noma ukufinyela kwesigaba se-sigma uma ungakuqapheli ukunaka kokushisa nokufakwa kokushisa. Lokhu akuzona izinto zezincwadi; yilokho okufundayo ngemva kokukhipha izingcezu ezimbalwa.
Isithembiso se-Alloy vs. I-Machining Reality
Lapho uzwa khona ngempela umehluko 310S insimbi engagqwali ku-lathe noma emshinini wokugaya. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-304 noma 316, iyiligi ehlukile. Amandla okushisa aphezulu asho ukuthi akuthambisi kangako ngaphansi kokushisa kwethuluzi lokusika, ngakho ulwa nakho njalo. Senza imisebenzi eminingi ye-CNC lapha, futhi kuma-310S, silahla ngokushesha isivinini kanye nokuphakelayo. Awukwazi ukuba nolaka. Uma uzama ukuyiphusha njengensimbi ethambile, uzoshisa okufakiwe emizuzwini embalwa. Sizinze kumabanga athile e-carbide anejiyometri ebukhali, eqondile kanye nama-chipbreaker aqinile. Ukupholisa akuxoxiswana ngakho—okupholisa izikhukhula, futhi kuningi, hhayi nje okokupholisa kodwa ukusiza ukunqamula nokukhipha lawo machips anezintambo, aqinile. Uma ama-chips eqala ukuba esidlekeni sezinyoni, ucela ukusikwa kabusha kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo eyonakele.
Ngikhumbula inqwaba yabakaki besithando somlilo esibenze ngomshini kusuka kupuleti le-310S. Ukuphrinta kubize izikhala zokubekezelela okuqinile kanye nokuqedwa kahle kwendawo. Umzamo wokuqala, sisebenzise amapharamitha asebenze ku-316L. Umphumela? Ukuxoxa, ukuqeda kabi, futhi ufake ukwehluleka engxenyeni yokuqala. Kwadingeka sihlehle, sihlele kabusha nge-SFM ephansi kakhulu, sandise ukondla kancane ukuze singene ngaphansi kongqimba oluqinile lomsebenzi, futhi sisebenzise isethi yamathuluzi amasha sha, azinikele. Yengeze cishe u-40% esikhathini sokwenza imishini, iklayenti elalingajabuli ngaso ekuqaleni, kodwa kwaba yileso noma iletha ingxenye eyayizohluleka enkonzweni. Ukuchaza ukuthi umshayeli wezindleko kuyingxenye yomsebenzi.
Obunye ubuqili yisimo sempahla. We source yethu 310S insimbi engagqwali ibha nepuleti kusuka ezigayweni ezinedumela elihle, kodwa noma kunjalo, uthola ukuhluka. Isimo esine-anealed siyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe imishini. Sake sathola ukuthunyelwa okwakucatshangwa ukuthi kukhishwe ngomshini kodwa kufakwe umshini kungathi unzima. Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwakunomngcele. Kuvele ukuthi umjikelezo wokugaya kungenzeka ukuthi uvaliwe, okushiya ingcindezi ethile. Kwadingeka ukuthi siphinde sihlanganise kabusha endlini ngaphambi kokuba siqhubeke, okwabambezela wonke umsebenzi. Manje, sihlola isampula kuwo wonke amaqoqo amasha ekusebenzeni okuncane ngaphambi kokunikela isitoko esigcwele emishinini ye-CNC. Kuyisinyathelo esincane, esidla isikhathi esisindisa ikhanda elikhulu.
Ukucatshangelwa Kokusakaza: Akuyona Nje Ukuncibilika Nokuthulula
Umsebenzi wethu we-Foundry nge-310S ungokwenza utshalomali kanye nokubumba amagobolondo ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinezindonga ezincane ezifana namabhomu okushisa, amashubhu akhazimulayo, nezinto ezilungiswayo zokwelapha ukushisa. Inqubo yokuphonsa yale alloy yilapho izakhiwo zayo zokushisa okuphezulu ziyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili. Udinga izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lokuthela uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezingenasici zebanga eliphansi—ngokuvamile ziphusha ku-1500°C noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kudinga ama-refractories aphezulu ohlelweni lwesikhunta segobolondo. Ijazi elijwayelekile le-zirconia-silica lingase lingalisiki; sivame ukuthuthukela kusilica ehlanganisiwe noma inhlanganisela ekhethekile ye-alumina-silicate ukuze sinqande ukusabela kwesikhunta sensimbi kanye nokukhubazeka kwendawo.
Isici sokuqina siyinkimbinkimbi. Inebanga elide lokuqandisa, elilungele uketshezi ukuze ligcwalise izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kodwa liyenza ikwazi ukudabuka okushisayo kanye ne-micro-porosity uma i-gate nesistimu yokukhuphuka ingaklanywanga kahle. Sifunde lokhu ngendlela enzima ekuqaleni kwesethi yama-pyrolysis tube hangers. Idizayini ibe nezinguquko ezithile zesigaba ezingalindelekile. Ngisho noma besicabanga ukuthi kwanele ukuphakela, sithole imifantu emihle ezindaweni ezishintshashintshayo eziwugqinsi ube mncane. Ukulungiswa kwakuhilela ukuklama kabusha iphethini ukuze ihlanganise izinguquko ezihamba kancane kancane nokusebenzisa izikhuphukeli ze-exothermic ukuze kugcinwe izigaba ezibalulekile zincibilika isikhathi eside, okuthuthukisa ukuqiniswa kokuqondisa. Yengeze izindleko zephethini, kodwa kwaba ukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ukulingisa komsindo.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokusakazwa kubaluleke kakhulu. I-As-cast 310S izoba nesakhiwo esinamakhorali esinokuhlukaniswa futhi cishe ezinye izigaba zesibili njenge-sigma uma iphole kancane kakhulu ezigabeni ezithile. Ukwelashwa okugcwele okuyisixazululo—okuvamile ukushisa ku-°C okulandelwa ukucisha ngokushesha (amanzi noma umoya osheshayo)—kubalulekile ukuze kuphinde kuncibilike ama-carbides nama-intermetallics futhi kubuyiselwe ukwakheka kwe-austenitic ngokugcwele, okufanayo. Yeqa lesi sinyathelo, futhi ukumelana nokugqwala kwengxenye ephezulu kanye ne-ductility kuba sengozini. Sike sacela amakhasimende ukuthi angeqe yini i-anneal ukuze onge izindleko kumomo olula. Impendulo ihlale ingucha oqinile. Idatha yesakhiwo kumakhasi e-specpe ithatha into efanele enesixazululo.
I-Welding Trap: Lapho Amaphrojekthi Amahle Ebabi
Uma kunendawo eyodwa edala ukwehluleka kwenkundla kakhulu nge-310S, i-welding. Kulula ngokukhohlisayo ukuthola i-weld yomsindo wobuhle engenamandla ngokwensimbi. Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko imvula ye-carbide endaweni ethinteke ukushisa (HAZ)—ukuzwela. Nakuba i-310S imelana kakhulu kunokungu-304 ngenxa ye-chromium ephezulu, ayivikelekile, ikakhulukazi uma ingxenye izobona ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kububanzi obungu-800-1000°F kusevisi. Insimbi ye-weld ngokwayo nayo idinga ukulinganiswa ngokweqile. Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sisebenzisa i-310 noma i-310H yokugcwalisa insimbi, kodwa noma kunjalo, kufanele ubukele inombolo ye-ferrite. Empeleni inguziro, okusho ukuthi i-weld i-austenitic ngokugcwele futhi ijwayele ukuqhekeka okushisayo uma ukuzibamba kuphezulu.
Isibonelo: sinikeze uchungechunge lwe-310S manifolds enkampanini ye-oxidizer eshisayo. Kwakuyizinto ezinhle zokutshala izimali, ezenziwe ngomshini ukuze zicaciswe. Isitolo sekhasimende sazishisela zaba umhlangano omkhulu. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, sathola ucingo: imifantu yayiphuma ezinzwaneni zokushisela. Uphenyo lukhomba inhlanganisela yezinto: basebenzise isigcwalisi esingu-309 (esivamile kodwa esingasilungele ibanga eligcwele lokushisa), izinga lokushisa le-interpass laliphezulu kakhulu, futhi umhlangano ubuvinjelwe kakhulu. Insimbi yokushisela, ene-coefficient ehlukile yokunwetshwa kwe-thermal kanye ne-ductility ephansi esimweni esishiselwe, ayikwazanga ukumelana nezingcindezi zokushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza komjikelezo. Isixazululo kwakuyinqubo yokushisela kabusha enezilawuli eziqinile ekushiseni kwangaphambili (okungaphakeme kakhulu, okwanele nje ukuvimbela umswakama), ubuhlalu bezintambo zokufaka ukushisa okuphansi, kanye nesixazululo sokugcina somhlangano wayo wonke—okwakuwumsebenzi omkhulu wesithando somlilo. Kwakuyisifundo esibizayo kubo sokuthi kungani imininingwane yenqubo yokushisela (WPS) ikhona ngesizathu.
Ezakhiweni zethu, manje siyaphikelela ekufanelekeleni i-WPS yanoma iyiphi 310S insimbi engagqwali weld phezu kogqinsi oluthile. Kubandakanya ukubhala yonke into: inqwaba yensimbi yokugcwalisa, igesi evikelayo (sengeza i-helium kancane ngezinye izikhathi ukuze singene kangcono ezingxenyeni eziwugqinsi), i-amperage, i-voltage, isivinini sokuhamba, kanye nemingcele yokwelashwa kokushisa kwangemuva kwe-weld. Ungamaphepha, kodwa ukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuphinda futhi uvikele izimangalo zakamuva.
Ukuthola Nokubaluleka Kokulandeleka
Akuwona wonke ama-310S adalwe alingana. Umehluko phakathi kwesigayo se-top-tier kanye nomphakeli wesaphulelo ngokuvamile awukho kukhemistri esitifiketini—zonke zizohlangana ne-ASTM A276 noma i-A479—kodwa ngokuvumelana, ukuhlanzeka kwangaphakathi, nokuthembeka kokwelashwa kokushisa. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi zokushisa okuphezulu, ukuhluka okuncane kokuqukethwe kwe-silicon noma kwe-cerium kungathinta ukunamathela kwesikali. Ukulandelela ukungcola kungasheshisa ukuwohloka. Sakhe ubudlelwano nezigayo ezimbalwa ezithenjwayo eminyakeni edlule, futhi sikhokha iprimiyamu ngalokho. Kuyafaneleka.
Lapha yilapho ukulawulwa kwenqubo egcwele yozakwethu kubalulekile. Esitolo sethu, I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ukuphatha ingxubevange enjengalena kuyingxenye ye-DNA yethu ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Asigcini ngokusika noma ukusakaza ukuze siphrinte; siphatha wonke umjikelezo wempilo wezinto ezibonakalayo ukusuka kusitifiketi sokugaya ukuya engxenyeni eqediwe. Okwe-a 310S insimbi engagqwali ingxenye, lokho kungase kusho ukuthi sithenga isitoko sebha esiqinisekisiwe, senze umshini we-CNC ngaphansi kwemingcele elawulwayo, bese sikhipha isisombululo esitolo somlilo esisihlolile (noma sisebenzise ezethu izingxenye ezincane), futhi ekugcineni senze i-NDT njengokuhlola ukungena kokudayi kuzo zonke izindawo ezibucayi. Lokho kuhlanganiswa okuqondile—noma okungenani, ukuhlanganiswa okuvundlile okulawulwa ngokuqinile—yikhona okuvimbela uhlobo lokwehluleka engikuchaze ekuqaleni. Ngeke uvele uthenge impahla bese uyiphonsa esitolo semishini. Udinga umphakeli oqonda i-metallurgy ngemuva kwemiyalelo yomshini.
Ngikhumbula iklayenti elalidinga ishubhu elikhazimulayo elingena esikhundleni sesithando somlilo esishisayo. Kade bethenga kumkhiqizi ojwayelekile. Amashubhu abehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ecwila futhi eqhekeka. Sihlaziye ucezu olungaphumelelanga. Ikhemistri ibicishiwe (i-nickel ephansi), i-microstructure ikhombise amanethiwekhi amakhulu e-carbide, kanti i-OD yayinezinyembezi zomshini. Kwakuyingxenye eshibhile eyayibiza imali eshisiwe ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Sibenzele isethi entsha kusuka ku-310S etholakala kahle futhi yacutshungulwa, enokubekezelela okuqinile ekuqondeni nasekujimeni kodonga. Okokugcina engikuzwayo, lelo sethi lase lidlule langaphambili ngenani lokuthathu. Izindleko zangaphambili beziphezulu, kodwa izindleko zobunikazi beziphansi. Yilokho ukubala kwangempela ngempahla efana nale.
Ukuphetha Ngaphandle Kwesiphetho: Kuyithuluzi, Hhayi I-Talisman
Ngakho-ke, lokho kuwukulahla ubuchopho ku-310S. Ukhiye othathayo awulona uhlu lwezakhiwo—ungathola lokho kunoma iyiphi incwadi. Yilokho ukucacisa nokukhiqiza nge 310S insimbi engagqwali idinga ukuhlonishwa ngemininingwane yayo. Akuyona indawo yokungena kwezinye izinsimbi ze-austenitic. Inani layo livulwa kuphela ngokucubungula okunembile, okulawulwayo. Uma uklama okuthile okuzobona isevisi eqhubekayo engaphezu kuka-1000°C endaweni ene-oxidizing, futhi ungakwazi ukulawula izinselele zokwenziwa, kuyisinqumo esihle kakhulu. Kodwa uma izinga lokushisa lakho lijikeleza noma umkhathi unama-sulfide anciphisayo, ungase ube ku-330 noma endaweni ye-alloy 600. Futhi uma ungenaso isitolo somshini noma isizinda esikwazi ngempela ukusisingatha, uyagembula.
Izingxoxo esinazo nonjiniyela ezindaweni ezifana nalezi QSY kuncane mayelana nokucaphuna inani nokunye okuningi mayelana nokubuyekeza uhlelo lokusebenza. Lithini izinga lokushisa eliphezulu? Ingabe i-cyclic? Unjani umoya? Ingakanani ubude bempilo obulindelekile? Bese sikhuluma inqubo: Casting noma machining kusukela owenziwe? Kuyini ukwelashwa ukushisa? Yikuphi ukuhlola? Lokho kuya emuva naphambili, lokho kuxazululwa kwezinkinga okwabiwe, yikho okuguqula ukucaciswa komdwebo kube ingxenye esebenzayo futhi ehlala njalo. Indaba iyisiqalo nje. Umlingo wangempela, uma ungawubiza kanjalo, ukuzo zonke izinyathelo ezilandelayo.
Mhlawumbe umcabango wokugcina lowo. Ngokuthile okufana ne-310S, awuthengi ngempela insimbi. Uthenga ubungcweti ukuze uyiguqule ngendlela efanele. Ukuzethemba kokuthi uma ifakwe esithandweni esithile noma ku-reactor, ngeke uthole ikholi ethusayo phakathi nobusuku. Lokho kuthula kwengqondo kuvela emininingwaneni efiphele, engeyona ekhangayo yezilinganiso zokuphakelayo, amashadi ahlanganisayo, amalogi e-weld, nokuhlolwa kokuqina. Ayi-sexy, kodwa yiyona eyenza umehluko phakathi kwengxenye eyenziwe nje naleyo eyakhiwe kahle.
