Uma uzwa 'ingxubevange esekwe ku-cobalt,' ukuhlotshaniswa okuseduze yizindawo eziyingozi kakhulu—ama-jet engine blade, ama-turbine seal, ama-valve ashisa kakhulu. Lokho akulona iphutha, kodwa umbono olinganiselwe. Eminyakeni yami ngisebenzelana nalezi zinto zezingxenye zezimboni, ngibone ukulungiswa kwezici zokushisa kuholela ekukhetheni okungekuhle kokuklama. Inselele yangempela akukhona nje ukuthi bangabamba ukushisa; kubenza basebenze ngokwethembeka ohlelweni olunezinye, izinto ezingavamile, ezibhekene nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo, i-galling, kanye nezindleko eziphelele zokuthola i-geometry efanele. Kuyinto ejezisa ukucabanga.
I-alloy ayiyona indawo yokuqala; Ukwehluleka Ingabe
Awumane unqume ukusebenzisa i-cobalt-based alloy. Ngokuvamile uphoqeleka ukuba ungene kuwo. Indawo yokungena evamile ukwehluleka okuphindelelayo kokuthi a ingxenye yemishini eyenziwe ngensimbi eqinile noma ingxube ye-nickel. Ngikhumbula iklayenti elalinomugqa oqhubekayo wokucasha—amaroli alo aqondisayo, ayenziwe ngensimbi yensimbi yezinga eliphezulu, ayeguga ngemva kwamasonto. Inkinga yayingekona nje ukuhuzuka; kwakuyinhlanganisela yokushisa okusesilinganisweni (okuzungeze i-600-700 ° C), i-oxidation, nokucindezeleka okujikelezayo okubangela ukuqhekeka okuncane. Ukushintshela ku-cobalt alloy ejwayelekile kusuka kukhathalogi akuzange kukuxazulule. I-prototype yokuqala, esebenzisa i-Co-6 (Stellite 6), ibonise ukuguga okungcono kodwa yaqhekeka ngaphansi kokushaqeka okushisayo. Kwadingeka sibuyele emuva.
Isifundo sasiwukuthi i-cobalt-based iwumndeni omkhulu. Kulowo mqulu, besidinga ibhalansi. Sithuthele kungxubevange enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni ne-tungsten ukumelana nokuhuzuka, kodwa futhi nesilinganiso esishintshiwe se-chromium ne-molybdenum ukuze uthole impilo engcono yokukhathala. Yilesi senzo sokulinganisa esichaza umsebenzi. Amashidi edatha akunikeza izakhiwo eziyisisekelo, kodwa ukusebenzisana kusevisi yilokho okubalulekile. Awugcini nje ngokuthenga impahla; unjiniyela iwindi lokusebenza.
Yilapho ozakwethu abasunguli besikhathi eside beba bucayi. Isitolo esivele sithele insimbi ngeke sisike. Udinga okuqondayo ukuziphatha kokuqina kwalawa ma-alloys—indlela ajwayele ukudabuka ngayo, ukuthi azwela kangakanani ekuthululeni izinga lokushisa. Ngisebenze ne-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY) kuma-prototypes ambalwa. Iminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu kugobolondo nokufaka utshalomali, ikakhulukazi ohlwini ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt njengokukhethekile, kwakusho ukuthi babazi ukusebenzisa isikhunta esishiswe ngaphambilini kanye namazinga okupholisa alawulwayo endandatho eyinkimbinkimbi yepompo esiwakhayo. Leyo ngxenye yayizoqhekeka ezindaweni eziyishumi nambili ezinesitolo esingenasipiliyoni.
Ukumashini: Lapho Izindleko Zangempela Nezinhlungu Zekhanda Zifihla Khona
Wonke umuntu ukhathazekile ngezindleko zezinto ezingavuthiwe ngekhilo ngalinye. Ukukhathazeka okuhlakaniphile kumayelana nezindleko chip ngayinye eqediwe. I-Machining cobalt alloys iyisilwane esihlukile. Basebenza kanzima ngokushesha. Ithuluzi elibuthuntu kancane noma izinga lokuphakelayo elinolaka aligcini nje ngokuligqokisa ithuluzi; kwakha isikhumba esiqinile ku-workpiece eyenza ukudlula okulandelayo kucishe kungenzeki, ngokuvamile konakalise ingxenye.
Lokhu sikufunde kanzima eqoqweni lezihlalo zamavalvu. Uhlelo lwe-CNC olusebenze kahle ku-316 luyinhlekelele. Kuholele ezindaweni ezixoxayo, izinto ezifakiwe eziphukile, nobukhulu obungaphandle kokucaciswa. Isixazululo kwakungesona nje isivinini esinensayo nokuphakelayo. Bekuyisu eliphelele lamathuluzi: izibambi zamathuluzi eziqinile, amamaki e-carbide athile anemiphetho ebukhali namaraki aqondile, kanye nokupholisa okunomfutho ophezulu okuhloswe ngokuqondile onqenqemeni lokulawula ukushisa nokukhipha ama-chips. Kuyinqubo ebizayo, ephindaphindayo.
Lena enye indawo lapho ikhono lesevisi eligcwele lomkhiqizi libalulekile. Inkampani efana ne-QSY, ephethe kokubili ukulingisa kanye ne CNC imishini endlini, kunenzuzo enkulu. Bangakwazi ukuklama inqubo yokusakaza becabanga ngomshini—ukwengeza izibonelelo zesitoko, kucatshangelwa amaphuzu okulungisa—ukuze ingxenye ishintshe isuke ekulingiseni eluhlaza iye engxenyeni eqediwe enokunikelwa okuncane kanye nengozi encane. Kithina, lesi sikhathi sokuhola esisikiwe sokuhlanganisa kuqoqo le-vane ye-turbine cishe ngo-30% ngoba ochwepheshe bemishini kanye nabaqaphi babexazulula izinkinga ndawonye kusukela osukwini lokuqala.
I-Trap Enhle Ekwanele kanye Nokushintshwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile
Kukhona ingcindezi eqhubekayo yokufaka esikhundleni. Asikwazi yini ukusebenzisa i-nickel alloy eshibhile noma i-surface coating? Ngezinye izikhathi, yebo. Kodwa ngokuvamile, umnotho wamanga. Ngibambe iqhaza kuphrojekthi yephampu yokucubungula amakhemikhali lapho i-spec ibiza ingxubevange ye-Co-28Cr-6Mo ngokuhlangana kwayo kokugqwala kanye nokumelana ne-cavitation. Umthengisi uhlongoze ingxubevange ye-nickel-copper enembondela eshiselwe yengxubevange ye-cobalt. Bekushibhile ekuqaleni.
Yehlulekile ngaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Imbondela ivaliwe. Isifundo kwaba yileso sokuguquguquka, ukuthwala umthwalo izingxenye zemishini kuncike emithonjeni yezindaba egugulekayo negqwalayo, impahla efanayo ye-cobalt alloy eqinile ayinakushintshwa. I-substrate kanye nokwemboza kuzohlala kunomngcele ongaba yindawo yokuqala yokwehluleka. Ufaka esikhundleni ngokuzifaka engozini yakho, futhi ngokuvamile kudinga ukuhlolwa kwenkambu kwesilinganiso esigcwele ukuze kufakazele lokho, okubiza ngaphezu kokumane ukwenze kahle okokuqala ngqa.
Lokhu yingxenye eyinhloko yesiphakamiso senani lochwepheshe. Uma uzibandakanya ne-Foundry ebala lawa ma-alloys akhethekile njengamakhono abalulekile, njengoba ubona ku Iwebhusayithi ye-QSY, awugcini nje ngokufinyelela ezithandweni zabo. Ufinyelela emashumini amathathu eminyaka esinqumo esiqoqiwe sokuthi lezi zinto zidingeka nini nokuthi zingase zidideke nini. Leyo consultancy ifakwe ohlelweni.
I-Case in Point: Impumelelo kanye Nombuzo Ohlala isikhathi eside
Impumelelo ecacile yayiyiqoqo lamapuleti okugqoka e-shear eshisayo emshinini wensimbi. Indawo yayinonya: ukuthintana ngezikhathi ezithile nensimbi engu-900°C, ukupholisa isifutho samanzi, nokuguga okukhulu. Sasebenzisa ingxubevange ye-cobalt enevolumu ephezulu ye-carbide. Inqubo yokusakaza ngokubumba igobolondo e-QSY yayiwukhiye—yasinikeza ukuzinza kohlangothi kanye nokuqedwa kobuso obudingekayo engxenyeni enkulukazi eyayinomumo wenetha, kunciphisa umshini obizayo kulezo zindawo eziqinile. Izingxenye zidlule isixazululo sangaphambilini ngokuphindwe kahlanu. Yilokho iwini oyijahayo.
Kodwa akuzona zonke izindaba ezihlanzekile ngaleyo ndlela. Sisanda kuhlola ingxubevange ye-cobalt entsha, ephathelene nengxenye yethuluzi le-downhole. Yathembisa ukumelana nokugqoka okumangalisayo. Elabhu, kwakuyinkanyezi. Ensimini, yaphahlazeka emthwalweni wokuqala onomthelela omkhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu kubonise inkinga enobunzima obuphakathi kwegranular obungabonakali ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile kwe-ASTM. Ibuyisele iphrojekthi ezinyangeni ezedlule. Kuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi ngalezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe, akukho okuthathela indawo umhlaba wangempela, uhlelo lokuqinisekisa oluqondene nohlelo lokusebenza. Isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo iyingxenye yendaba.
Ukubheka Phambili: I-Additive ne-Future Geometry
Wonke umuntu ukhuluma ngokukhiqiza okungeziwe kulawa ma-alloys. Inesithembiso samajiyometri angenakwenzeka—amashaneli okupholisa angaphakathi, izakhiwo ze-lattice. Kodwa okwamanje, kumthamo omkhulu kakhulu, ukuthembeka okuphezulu ingxubevange esekelwe cobalt izingxenye, ukubunjwa kuseyinkosi. Ubuqotho be-metallurgical kanye nezakhiwo ze-isotropic zengxenye esakazwe kahle kunzima ukushaywa ngenqubo ye-lay-by-layer engathula izinhlobo ezintsha zokukhubazeka.
Sekushiwo lokho, sikubhekisisa. Ikhono lokuphrinta i-preform eseduze-netha yomumo we-nozzle eyinkimbinkimbi bese uyiqeda ngokunemba kwemishini ye-CNC ingase ibe isishintshile. Bekunganciphisa ukumosha izinto ngendlela ephawulekayo. Izinkampani esezikwazi kakade kokubili ukulingisa nokwenza imishini, njengeqembu lase-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., zimi kahle ukuze zihlanganise lobo buchwepheshe lapho sezivuthele izingxenye ezibalulekile. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ngokuziphatha kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuzo zombili izimo eziwuketshezi neziqinile kuwulwazi oluyisisekelo oludingayo ukuze uhlole noma iyiphi inqubo entsha.
Ngakho, lokho kusishiyaphi? Ingxubevange ye-cobalt ayiyona inhlamvu yomlingo. Bayithuluzi elikhethekile kakhulu. Isihluthulelo sokuwasebenzisa ngempumelelo ukuqala ngemodi yokwehluleka, uhloniphe ubunkimbinkimbi bokwenziwa kwawo kanye nokwenza imishini, futhi ubambisane nabaqambi abanezibazi zokufakazela ukuthi bayakwazi abakwenzayo. Umgomo awukona nje ukwenza ingxenye ngengxubevange ewubukhazikhazi; okokwenza ingxenye enyamalalayo ibe yisevisi ethembekile, engaphazamiseki. Leso isilinganiso sangempela sempumelelo.
