Uma uzwa igama elifana ne-'Advanced Precision Machining Inc,' lihlanganisa isithombe esicacile, akunjalo? Iphansi elingenachashaza, imigqa yemishini ecwebezelayo yama-eksisi amahlanu ekhalayo, nokubekezelela kukalwa ngama-microns. Yilokho okufanelekile kokumaketha. Iqiniso liwukuthi, ukugaya kwansuku zonke, kuyinkimbinkimbi, kune-nuanced kakhudlwana, futhi ngokusobala, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu. Igama elithi 'advanced' lijikijelwa nxazonke kangangokuthi lilahlekelwa umkhawulo walo. Akukhona nje ngokuba ne-Mori Seiki noma i-DMG; kumayelana nokuthi wenzani ngakho lapho ukuphrinta kubiza ingxenye ye-alloy esekelwe ku-cobalt enesigaba sodonga oluncane kanye neziteshi zangaphakathi. Kuqala lapho ukuhlolwa kwangempela, futhi lapho izitolo eziningi ezisanda kuthenga ibheji zithola ukuthi 'azithuthukile' njengoba bezicabanga.
Umbono Oyiphutha Othuthukile kanye Nento Yangempela Yento
Ake sikhulume ngezinto kuqala, ngoba yilapho ukunemba kuhlala khona noma kufa khona. Noma ubani angasebenzisa i-aluminium. Inselele, nokuthi yini ehlukanisa isitolo somsebenzi neqiniso ukunemba okuthuthukile kwemishini umlingani, uphethe izinto ezinzima. Cabanga nge-iron cast for heavy-duty base lapho ukuncibilika kokudlidliza kubalulekile, noma 316 ingenabala ezindaweni ezigqwalayo. Kodwa umdlalo wangempela utholakala kuma-alloys akhethekile. Ngikhuluma nge-Inconel, Hastelloy, cobalt-chrome. Lezi akuzona nje izinsimbi 'eziqinile'; baziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Basebenza kanzima khona manjalo, banesihluku ekusetshenzisweni kwamathuluzi, futhi bafuna i-symphony yesivinini esilungile, okuphakelayo, ingcindezi yokupholisa, nesu lendlela yamathuluzi. Isitolo esibangayo ukunemba okuthuthukile kwemishini amakhono kumele abe nale symphony down pat, hhayi nje kuma-prototypes aphuma kanye kuphela kodwa amarun okukhiqiza angashintshi.
Yilapho ubona khona ukuhlukana okucacile. Ngikhumbula ngihlola umphakeli eminyakeni embalwa edlule ngochungechunge lwezindlu zezinzwa ze-nickel-alloy. Babenemishini yakamuva, impela. Kodwa inqubo yabo yayiwukuqagela. Babezoshisa emshinini wokuphela ongu-$200 ezingxenyeni ezimbili, ukuphela kwabo kwakungahambelani, futhi ukuhlanekezela okushisayo kwakuyimpi eqhubekayo. Babene-hardware, kodwa hhayi ulwazi olujulile, cishe olunembile. Qhathanisa lokho nemisebenzi ekhule nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, njengeqembu laphaya I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY). Lapho uke waba ukulingisa futhi imishini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, njengoba benakho, uthuthukisa umuzwa wakho. Uyazi ukuthi i-alloy esekelwe ku-cobalt izohamba kanjani ngemva kokuyisika, indlela yokwenza imisebenzi ukuze ulawule ukucindezeleka. Lokho sekuthuthukile. Kusolwazini lwezizwe, hhayi nje i-spec sheet.
Isixhumanisi phakathi kokulingisa nokwenza imishini kungenye ingxenye engaphansi yokunemba kweqiniso. Abaningi Inkampani engu-Precision Machining Inc imisebenzi ikhetha ukuqala ngesitoko se-billet. Kuyabikezelwa. Kodwa kumajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi, ukuqala ngokusakazwa komumo oseduze-netha—njengegobolondo noma ukulingisa okutshaliwe kwe-QSY okugxile kukho—kungaba indlela ehlakaniphile. Iqhinga, futhi libalulekile, ukulungiselelwa komshini nokuqonda isakhiwo esingokwemvelo sokulingisa. Awukwazi ukuvele ubambe iqhaza ekulingisini okungahluziwe bese uyahamba. Udinga izindawo ze-datum, udinga ukulandisa nge-porosity engaba khona ezindleleni zakho zamathuluzi, udinga ukuqonda umphumela wesikhumba. Ukuthola lokhu okulungile kudinga ukubambisana okujulile phakathi kwe-Foundry kanye nesitolo somshini, into elungiswayo lapho womabili amakhono engaphansi kophahla olulodwa.
Ukunemba Njengenqubo, Hhayi Isikhathi
Ukunemba akusona isilinganiso esisodwa embikweni we-CMM. Kuyinqubo eqala ku-quote futhi iphele ekuthunyelweni. Ngibone izingxenye ezinhle zilahliwe ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lokuhlola lwaluwumcabango osemuva. Okweqiniso ukunemba okuthuthukile kwemishini ukusebenza, i-metrology ihlanganisiwe. Akulona nje isheke lokugcina; kuyaqhubeka. Izinqubo zokuhlola, ukuqapha ukugqokwa kwamathuluzi, ukuqoqwa kwedatha ye-SPC ngobukhulu obubalulekile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezizohlanganiswa. Ingxenye ephelele engahlangani nozakwabo ayinamsebenzi.
Ukwehluleka okukodwa okungibambele mathupha kwakuyinqwaba yamavalvu ensimbi engenasici. Izithukuthuku zase zifinyelele ekujuleni okuqinile. Sawenza kahle ngomshini—noma sasicabanga kanjalo. I-CMM ikhombise yonke into ngokucaciswayo. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokuhlangana, babopha. Inkinga? Salinganisa ekamelweni elilawulwa izinga lokushisa, kodwa izingxenye zazihlanganiswe esitezi sesitolo esasinokufudumala ngama-degree angu-10. Umehluko wokunwetshwa kwe-thermal ku-stainless bewanele ukubangela ukuphazamiseka. Iphutha le-rookie, kodwa elibiza ukukhiqizwa kweviki. Kungifundise ukuthi 'ukunemba' kufaka phakathi uchungechunge lokugcinwa kwemvelo. Manje, emibuthanweni ebucayi, asishiyi nje izinga lokushisa lokulinganisa, kodwa nebanga lethempele lomhlangano. Lelo izinga lemininingwane ebalulekile.
Lo mqondo wenqubo udlulela ekulungiseni. Ngevolumu ephezulu ukunemba imishini, i-fixture yakho ibaluleke njengomsiki wakho. Ukudizayina into ebeka izici zabalingisi, kunikeza amandla okubamba afanayo ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela, futhi kuvumela ukulayisha/ukukhipha okusebenzayo kuwubuciko. Ayibukhazikhazi, kodwa into eklanywe kabi izoqinisekisa ukuhlukahluka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isigayo sakho 'sithuthuke kangakanani'.
I-CNC Factor: Imayelana Nomhleli, Hhayi Umshini Kuphela
I-CNC iwumgogodla, kodwa ingumgogodla othule, oyisimungulu ongenangqondo elungile ngemuva kwayo. Umehluko phakathi kwengxenye enhle nengxenye enkulu ngokuvamile uhlala kusofthiwe ye-CAM. Ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela yamathuluzi yezinto eziqinile kubalulekile. Ufuna ukusebenzisana kwamathuluzi njalo, ufuna ukugibela isigayo lapho kungenzeka khona, ufuna ukuphatha ukushisa. Umhleli ovele asebenzise amasu azenzakalelayo uzothola ingxenye, kodwa azoshisa ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi kanye nokufaka engcupheni ingcindezi.
Ngikhumbula ngisebenza nomklami engxenyeni ye-titanium. Wayesebenzisa iphethini ye-zig-zag evamile. Impilo yamathuluzi yayimbi, futhi isiphetho sasingesihle. Sishintshele endleleni yokugaya i-trochoidal ukuze sigweme. Kwakubonakala kuxakile ekufanisweni—lokhu kunyakaza okuxegayo, okushanelayo—kodwa kwagcina ithuluzi lisesimweni esingaguquki, esisike kancane. Impilo yamathuluzi iphindwe kathathu, isiphetho saba ngcono, futhi sehlise isikhathi somjikelezo ngo-15%. Lokho 'okuthuthukisiwe' phakathi CNC imishini. Ubuhlakani besoftware obusetshenziswa emikhawulweni yomzimba.
Elinye iphuzu elicashile liyi-post-processing. Isilawuli somshini sidinga ikhodi ehlanzekile, esebenzayo. Iphrosesa yeposi eclunky engasebenzisi imisebenzi ethile yokumaka enesivinini esiphezulu ye-Okuma noma i-Makino yakho ishiya ukusebenza etafuleni. Ukushuna lokhu okuthunyelwe, ngokuvamile ngokubambisana nomakhi wamathuluzi womshini, kuwubuciko obumnyama obukhokha izinzuzo ezinkulu ngokuhamba kahle kanye nezikhathi zomjikelezo ezincishisiwe.
Ukuhlanganiswa: Lapho Ukusakaza Kuhlangana Nomshini
Yilapho imodeli yenkampani ithanda khona QSY kwenza umqondo ongokoqobo. Ukuba ne-shell mold casting, ukutshala imali, kanye CNC imishini ngaphansi kwesakhiwo esisodwa sokuphatha kuqeda inani elikhulu lokungqubuzana. Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi yi-handoff. Lapho umthengisi ophonsa kanye nomthengisi wemishini behlukene, uthola igeyimu yokusola. Inkinga yemishini? I-casting house ithi i-stock allowance yayilungile. Isici sokulingisa? Isitolo semishini sithi impahla ibinamaphutha.
Ngomhlinzeki ohlanganisiwe, ukuziphendulela kucacile. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, iluphu yempendulo iba khona manjalo. Ithimba lemishini lingatshela i-Foundry, Sibona i-porosity engaguquki kulelikhona lesikhunta, singayilungisa isango? I-Foundry ingaluleka, Le ngxubevange ijwayele ukuncipha ibheke kulesi sici, ngakho-ke engeza esinye isitoko esingu-0.5mm lapho. Le nqubo yokuhlanganyela, ephindaphindayo yindlela ofinyelela ngayo ukwethembeka nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko zezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Iphendula uchungechunge lokunikezela lube yingxoxo, hhayi uchungechunge lwemisebenzi.
Isibonelo, i-impeller yepompo ku-duplex insimbi engagqwali iyikhandidethi yakudala yalokhu. Kuwumumo oyinkimbinkimbi, ozwela umshini wokudonsa amanzi ofaneleka ekutshalweni kwezimali, kodwa udinga ukulinganisa okunembe kakhulu kanye nomshini wokubhoboza. Ukuba nethimba elilodwa eliphethe lonke uhambo ukusuka kunsimbi encibilikisiwe ukuya engxenyeni esele, eqediwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi inhloso yedizayini iyalondolozwa kuso sonke isinyathelo. Ochwepheshe bemishini bayazi ukuthi kungani kusetshenziswe i-engeli ethile yokusalungiswa, futhi onjiniyela be-Foundry baqonda imininingwane ebalulekile yama-ops omshini.
Isici Somuntu Emhlabeni Wedijithali
Ekugcineni, kuyo yonke inkulumo ye-automation kanye ukunemba okuthuthukile, kuseza kubantu. Umakadebona wemishini ozwa ushintsho emsindweni wokusikwa bese emisa umshini ngaphambi kokuba kuphuke ithuluzi. Umhloli wekhwalithi obona okudidayo okubonakalayo uphenyo lwe-CMM alugeji. Unjiniyela wenqubo ovula amashadi e-SPC efuna ithrendi, hhayi nje ukudlula/ukuhluleka.
Lobu buchwepheshe bakhelwe emashumini eminyaka, akulandwa. Kuyimpahla eyinhloko yanoma iyiphi i-serious Inkampani engu-Precision Machining Inc. Awukwazi ukuyithenga ngomshini omusha. Uyihlakulela ngamaphrojekthi ayinselele, ngokwehluleka (njengephutha lami lokunwetshwa okushisayo), nangosikompilo olwazisa umsebenzi wezandla njengobuchwepheshe. Uma ngibheka ikhono lomphakeli, ngichitha isikhathi esiningi phansi esitolo ngikhuluma nabasebenzisi njengoba ngenza ekamelweni lenkomfa ngibheka uhlu lwempahla yabo enkulu. Umuzwa wendawo, ukunaka imininingwane yamabhentshi okusebenza, indlela aphatha ngayo izingxenye ezisacutshungulwa—ikutshela ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi incwajana.
Ngakho-ke, uma uhlola 'i-Advanced Precision Machining Inc,' bheka udlule i-facade ecwebezelayo. Buza ngezinto zabo ezimbi kakhulu emshinini nokuthi kungani. Cela isifundo ngengxenye engaphumelelanga ekuqaleni nokuthi bayixazulule kanjani. Buza mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kwamaqembu abo okuklama, abalingisi, namamashini. Izimpendulo zizokutshela ukuthi basitholile yini isicoco, noma kuwuphawu nje emnyango. Ukunemba kwangempela kusekucabangeni, kudala ngaphambi kokuba i-spindle ike iphenduke.
