Uma uzwa 'i-aerospace precision machining', izingqondo eziningi zigxuma ziqonde ekubekezeleni okuqinile kanye nemishini ephambili ye-5-axis. Leyo yingxenye yakho, impela, kodwa yingxenye elula. Indaba yangempela isengxoxweni yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuyekethisa okungakhulunyiwe phakathi kwenhloso yedizayini kanye nokwenziwa, kanye nesisindo esiphelele sokulandeleka. Ngibone amamodeli amaningi e-CAD amahle kakhulu okuyiphupho elibi ukulungisa, noma izingxenye eziphelele ze-aluminium ezingaphumeleli ngenxa yokuthi othile akazange aziphendulele ngokushintshashintsha okushisayo. Akukhona nje ukwenza umumo; kumayelana nokwenza umumo osindayo, owenze, futhi ongafakazelwa ukuthi senziwe ngendlela efanele, ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Okubalulekile kuyiKhasimende Lokuqala
Awukwazi ukukhuluma ngokunembayo ngaphandle kokuqala nokungenalutho. Yilapho amaphrojekthi amaningi ethola khona ukuhlolwa kwawo kokuqala okungokoqobo. I-Aerospace ayiseyona nje i-aluminium ne-titanium. Sijule phakathi ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel njenge-Inconel 718, noma ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt ezindaweni ezeqisayo. Lezi akuzona izinsimbi osanda kuzisika. Basebenza kanzima, bayathuka, bayakulwa nawe. Okuhlangenwe nakho komnikezeli lapha akuxoxiswana ngakho. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yengxenye ye-turbine seal lapho umdwebo ubufuna ukuqedwa okukhethekile kwengxenye ye-Hastelloy X. Isu lendlela yamathuluzi elisebenzele insimbi engagqwali lisanda kucwebezela phezulu, lakha isikhuphukeli sokucindezeleka. Kwadingeka sibuyele emuva, sehlise yonke into, sisebenzise ithuluzi lejiyomethri ehluke ngokuphelele—ukufakwa okukhethekile kwesisula esinokulethwa okupholisayo okunolaka. Isikhathi somjikelezo siphindwe kathathu, kodwa ingxenye yaphumelela ukuhlolwa kwayo kokukhathala. Lezo izindleko ezifihliwe zokunemba.
Yingakho umlando wenkampani ubalulekile. Isitolo esilokhu sikulingisa nokwenza imishini amashumi eminyaka, njengalokhu I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), inendawo yokuqala ehlukile. Babonile ukuthi impahla iziphatha kanjani esimweni sayo esincibilikisiwe ukutshala imali yonke indlela eya efomini layo lokugcina elenziwe ngomshini. Lolo lwazi olugxilile lokugeleza kokusanhlamvu, ukucindezeleka okuyinsalela kusukela kunqubo yokuphonsa, nendlela esebenzisana ngayo nethuluzi lokusika kubaluleke kakhulu. Ivimbela usizi lwenhliziyo oluningi lwe-athikili yokuqala. Awuthengi nje isikhathi somshini; uthenga lowo mqondo wezinto eziqoqiwe.
Ngicabanga ukuthi iphutha elijwayelekile ukuphatha inqubo yokwenza imishini njengomcimbi ohlukile. Ngalezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe, lonke iketango lixhunywe. Sikhiqizwe kanjani isitoko esingahluziwe? Ingabe yayifojiwe, yalingisa, noma ibha? Wawuyini umlando wayo wokwelapha ukushisa ngaphambi kokuthi ifike ngisho nedokhu yethu yokwamukela? Sake saba nenqwaba yabakaki bensimbi engagqwali abangu-17-4 PH ababelokhu bengqubuzana ngokungalindelekile ngemva komshini. Ngemuva kokunwaya ikhanda okuningi nokuhlola okuhlulekile, sikulandelele emuva ekwelashweni okungahambisani nokuguga okuvela kumnikezeli wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukunemba kwalahleka ngaphambi kokuthi sisebenzise amandla ku-spindle. Manje, izitifiketi zezinto ezibonakalayo nomlando wokucubungula kungamadokhumenti okuqala esiwacubungulayo.
Ukunemba kuwuhlelo, Hhayi umshini
Wonke umuntu ujabulela okwakamuva CNC imishini isikhungo esinokulungiswa kwe-sub-micron. Kodwa umshini ungumdlali nje; isiteji sibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuzinza kwezinga lokushisa esitolo kuyisici esikhulu kunalokho abaningi abakuvumayo. Ukushwibeka okungu-4-degree Celsius ngosuku kungakhipha indlu ende, ezacile ye-actuator ye-aerospace ngaphandle kokubekezelela ukucaba. Kwadingeka sisebenzise isimiso esiyisisekelo sokulawula isimo sezulu sechweba elizinikele ekwenzeni umsebenzi omkhulu, obekezelela kakhulu. Bekungekuhle, kodwa kwehlise izinga lethu le-scrap kulezo zingxenye ngaphezu kuka-60%.
Bese kuba ne-metrology. Awukwazi ukubekezelela ukubekezelela kwe-aerospace ngomshini ngaphandle kokulinganisa i-oda lobukhulu kangcono. Kodwa akukhona nje ngokuba ne-CMM. Kumayelana nokwazi ukuthi uzokala ini futhi nini. Ngobuningi obuyinkimbinkimbi obunamaphaseji angaphakathi ahlanganayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-athikili yokuqala kungase kuhlanganise ukuskena kwe-3D namahora ku-CMM. Kodwa ekulawuleni iqoqo lokukhiqiza, ukhomba izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okubalulekile—mhlawumbe ububanzi obuthile obuyisibhobo, ukuzungeza kwayo, nokuma kwayo ebusweni obukhuphukayo—futhi udala isheke elilula, elingaphakathi kwenqubo elinamageji omoya noma izinto ezizinikezele. Le pragmatism yiyona egcina iphrojekthi ohlelweni kanye nesabelomali.
I-Fixturing ingenye iqhawe elingaqashiwe. Ngomsebenzi wevolumu ephansi, oxubene kakhulu, amasistimu okulungisa ama-modular mahle. Kodwa ekwenzeni ukukhiqizwa kwengxenye yendiza ebalulekile, ngokuvamile udinga insimbi ezinikele, eqinile eklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukuchezuka phakathi nokusikeka okunonya. Ngidizayine izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezibiza ngaphezu kwezinto ezingavuthiwe zezingxenye ngokwazo. Kubonakala kungenangqondo kuze kube yilapho usebenzisa izinombolo ngezikhathi ezincishisiwe zomjikelezo, ukuvumelana okuthuthukisiwe, futhi uqede amaphutha okusetha. I-fixture iba yingxenye ye- i-aerospace precision machining cubungula iresiphi, njengoba kubhaliwe futhi kulawulwa njengezindlela zamathuluzi.
Lapho Ukulingisa Nomshini Kungqubuzana
Lena indawo ethakaselekayo. Izingxenye eziningi ze-aerospace eziyinkimbinkimbi ziqala njengokulingisa komumo oseduze nenetha ukonga isisindo nezinto ezibonakalayo. I ukunemba imishini bese iletha izici ezibalulekile ekucacisweni. I-synergy lapha inkulu, kodwa kunjalo nangamathuba okungqubuzana. Uma indlu yokulingisa kanye nesitolo somshini kuyizinhlangano ezihlukene, uthola umdlalo wokusola. Ukusakaza kwakho kunokuhlukahluka okuningi. Inqubo yakho yokwenza imishini iqine kakhulu.
Ukuba nakho kokubili ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njengomhlinzeki ohlanganisiwe oqondile, kushintsha amandla. Ithimba lemishini lingahlala nethimba labalingisi ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa komklamo bese lithi, Uma ukwazi ukubamba isitoko esingu-0.5mm esengeziwe kule flange, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ingaphakathi kwale mvilophu, singasusa ukusetha futhi sithuthukise ukugxila kwe-bore. Ithimba labalingisi lingase lithi, Singakwenza lokho, kodwa sidinga ukungeza umphathi omncane okhipha umoya lapha. Ungakwazi yini ukuyivala ku-op yakho yokuqala? Lolu hlobo lokuthuthukisa inqubo yokuhlanganyela yilapho kwakhiwa khona inani langempela nokwethembeka. Iphendula uchungechunge lwe-handoffs lube yiluphu eqhubekayo, eqhutshwa yimpendulo.
QSYimodeli yokunikela kokubili ukubunjwa kwegobolondo, ukutshala imali, futhi CNC imishini ikhuluma ngqo ngalesi sidingo. Ngobakaki wenjini noma umzimba wamavalvu odonsa amanzi, angalawula lonke uhambo ukusuka ensimbi encibilikisiwe ukuya engxenyeni eqediwe. Lokhu kulawula phezu kwejiyomethri yokuqala kanye nobuqotho bangaphakathi bokulingisa kwazisa ngokuqondile futhi kususa ubungozi izigaba zokunemba zokunemba ezilandelayo. Ochwepheshe bemishini bayazazi izindawo ezilindelekile zobulukhuni, izindawo ezingahle zishwabane, futhi bangahlela ngokufanele kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.
Umthwalo Wemibhalo
Lokhu kungase kube isici esibukeka kancane kodwa esibucayi kakhulu. Emkhathini, uma bekungabhalwanga phansi, akwenzekanga. Yonke impahla kufanele ilandeleke ibuyele endaweni yayo encibilikayo. Lonke ushintsho lwamathuluzi, ukulungiswa kwe-offset, kanye nomcimbi wokulungisa emshinini kungase kudingeke ukuthi kufakwe amaphrojekthi athile. Amaphepha angadlula kalula ingxenye ebonakalayo.
Lokhu akuwona umsebenzi we-bureaucracy ngenxa yawo. Umshwalense wokuhlaziya ukwehluleka. Uma ingxenye yehluleka ekusebenzeni, abaphenyi badinga ukwakha kabusha wonke umlando wayo. Sibe nesimo lapho inqwaba yezikhonkwane zegiya zokufikela ibonise ukuguga ngendlela exakile. Ngenxa yokuthi besinokulandeleka okugcwele, besingakwazi ukuhlukanisela udaba kuqeqebana elithile lokufakwa kwamathuluzi ebelinephutha lokunamathela kumnikezeli. Singakwazi ukuhlonza yonke ingxenye eyenziwe ngomshini ngalezo zinto ezifakiwe bese sizihlukanisa. Ngaphandle kwaleyo mibhalo eyimbudumbudu, bekuyodingeka silahle zonke izingxenye ezifanayo izinyanga, izindleko ezinkulu.
Ukwenza lokhu akukhona nje nge-software; kuyisiko. Umsebenzisi womshini udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ukugawula ukuthi bashintshe into efakwe egugile ngo-3 PM kubaluleke njengokusika abakwenzayo. Kudinga isiyalo namasistimu ahlanganiswe ekuhambeni komsebenzi, hhayi okuboshelwe njengokucatshangwa kamuva. Ikhono lesitolo lokuphatha lokhu ngaphandle komthungo kuwuphawu olukhulu lokuvuthwa kwaso emkhathini.
I-Good Enough Paradox
Ekugcineni, umcabango wokuphishekela ukuphelela. Kunokushuba okungapheli i-aerospace precision machining phakathi kokubekezelelana okuhle emdwebeni kanye nalokho okudingekayo ekusebenzeni futhi okusebenzayo ngokomnotho. Ngezinye izikhathi, onjiniyela bacacisa ukubekezelela okusekelwe emidwebeni yefa noma izinqubo ezihamba phambili ezingahambelani nomsebenzi wangempela wengxenye.
Umlingani omuhle womshini kufanele akwazi ukuba naleyo ngxoxo. Hhayi ukusika amakhona, kodwa ukusebenzisa ukunemba ngobuhlakani. Ingabe leyo ndawo yobuhle engasebenzi idinga ngempela ukuqedwa kwe-Ra engu-0.8-micron, noma ingabe u-1.6 ubeyonela, konga u-30% wesikhathi somshini nokupholisha? Ingabe le bore, egcina uphawu oluguquguqukayo, idinga ukuba isilinda sangempela sejiyomethri ukuya kuma-microns angu-2, noma ingabe ubukhulu bayo bokuvumelana ngobude bayo bubaluleke kakhulu? Ukubuza le mibuzo, esekelwe isipiliyoni futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuphakamisa ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuphumula, kuyingxenye yesevisi. Imayelana nokuzuza ukwethembeka nokusebenza, hhayi nje ukushaya izinombolo ezingabonakali kokuphrintiwe. Yilapho ubuciko buhlangana khona nesayensi.
