Ubona insimbi engagqwali engu-304L kumashidi amaningi, cishe umsindo wangemuva. Okuhlukile kwekhabhoni ephansi okungu-304, okuhle ekushiseleni, kumelana nokugqwala—wonke umuntu uyakwazi lokho, akunjalo? Lolo wugibe lokuqala. Empeleni, igebe phakathi kwe-ASTM spec kanye nendlela eziphatha ngayo endaweni esunguliwe noma endaweni yesitolo somshini yilapho kwenzeka khona umsebenzi wangempela. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu ekhubeka ngoba othile uvele wamaka ibhokisi lika-304L ngaphandle kokucabanga ngokwakhiwa kwangempela, ukushisa, noma ukuthi kuzovezwa ini ngempela. Akuyona inhlamvu yomlingo; yizinto ezinezinto ozifunda ngokungcolisa izandla zakho.
I-L Ayiyona Nje Incwadi
Wonke umuntu ugxile kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, ubuningi obungu-0.03%, ukuvikela imvula ye-carbide ngesikhathi sokushisela. Leyo yincwadi yokufunda. Kodwa ekutshalweni kwezimali, okuyisinkwa sethu nebhotela I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), i-L isho enye into phakathi nokuthela. I-Melt iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Inobuvila, uketshezi oluncane kune-standard 304. Uma i-gate yakho nesistimu yokukhuphuka yakhelwe izici zokugeleza ezingu-304, ungase ugcine usunezinkinga noma izinkinga zokushwabana ezigabeni eziwugqinsi ngo-304L. Kuyinto ecashile, kodwa kukuphoqa ukuthi ulungise iphethini kanye nenqubo. Lokhu sakufunda kusenesikhathi, hhayi ebhukwini lezandla, kodwa eqoqweni lamavalvu okwakudingeka alahlwe.
Bese kuba khona ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokusakazwa. Isixazululo se-annealing sibalulekile, kodwa iwindi lokushisa lizwakala liqinile. Uhlose ukuncibilikisa noma yimaphi ama-carbides futhi ubuyisele lawo ma-chromium carbides esixazululweni, kodwa futhi awukwazi ukukwazi ukuwanyusa kakhulu. Siyiqhuba ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-°C, kulandele ukucisha ngokushesha. I-quench medium ibalulekile futhi. Amanzi anolaka futhi angabangela ukuhlanekezela ekubunjweni okuyinkimbinkimbi, okunezindonga ezincane; ngezinye izikhathi sikhetha ukucisha umoya ngenkani ukuze uthole izingxenye ezithambile. Kuyikholi yokwahlulela esuselwe engxenyeni yejometri, into owakha umuzwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Futhi ukushisela? Impela, ishelela kakhulu. Kodwa empilweni yethu CNC imishini kanye nomnyango wokuqeda, sivame ukuthola izingxenye ze-cast ezidinga ukulungiswa kwe-weld noma ukuhlanganiswa. I-weld ngokwayo ingase izwakale, kodwa indawo ethinteke ukushisa (HAZ) ku-304L, nakuba ikwazi ukumelana nokuzwela, isengabhekana nezinguquko ze-microstructural ezithinta ukumelana nokugqwala kwendawo uma unganakile ngokulawula izinga lokushisa kwe-interpass. Kuhle, kodwa akunqobeki. Usamdinga umshiseli oqonda impahla, hhayi nje inqubo.
I-Machining 304L: I-Gummy Reality
Yilapho ithiyori ihlangana khona nethuluzi lokusika, ngokuvamile nge-screech edumazayo. I-304L idume kabi ngokusebenza kanzima. Uma ithuluzi lakho lingacijile, uma okuphakelayo kwakho nesivinini kuvaliwe, noma uma uhlala isikhashana nje, uzoqinisa indawo engaphezulu, wenze okulandelayo kube yiphupho elibi. Ayiqhubi kahle; ijwayele ukwakha i-swarf ende, enezintambo okubuhlungu nobungozi bokuphepha.
Senze imithetho embalwa esitolo sethu. I-geometry ye-rake enhle, ngaphandle kombuzo. Ukufakwa kwe-carbide ebukhali, eboshwe—sibe nemiphumela ehloniphekile ngezingubo ze-AlTiN. Okuphakelayo okuqhubekayo, okunolaka. Awukwazi ukuba namahloni; kufanele ungene ngaphansi kongqimba oluqinile lomsebenzi. Isipholile asixoxiswana ngaso, futhi siningi, hhayi nje okokupholisa kodwa ukusiza ukuphula i-chip. Sisebenzisa isivinini esiphansi kunaleso ongase usisebenzise ngensimbi yensimbi engenalutho, kodwa ngesilinganiso sokuphakelayo esiphezulu. Kuyisenzo sokulinganisa osilungisa kuwo wonke umsebenzi othile. Izindlu zamaphampu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinemishini emincane yezindonga ezihlukile kune-flange eqinile.
Okubi kakhulu yilapho uthola ukulingisa ngobulukhuni obungahambelani. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngenxa yokuhluka okuncane kwamazinga okupholisa esibunjeni, ungathola amabala anzima kunamanye. Ithuluzi lakho liyaduma, bese kuthi kungazelelwe likhulume lishise. Kufanele ume, uhlole, mhlawumbe uphinde ukhiphe lonke ucezu futhi uma kukubi. Esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani ukulawulwa kwenqubo kusuka ekuncibilikeni kuya ekwelashweni kokushisa kubaluleke kakhulu. Inkampani efana QSY, namashumi eminyaka phakathi ukubunjwa kwegobolondo futhi ukutshala imali, yakha lolo lwazi lwesikhungo ekuhambeni komsebenzi ukuze kuncishiswe lokhu okuguquguqukayo, kodwa izimanga zisenzeka.
Ukugqwala: Kumayelana Nemvelo, Hhayi Ibanga Kuphela
Lona umbono oyiphutha omkhulu. Abantu bacacisa i-304L yokumelana nokugqwala njengetemu lengubo. Kodwa hlobo luni lokugqwala? Umkhathi? Impela, yinhle kakhulu. Ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali okuncane? Mhlawumbe kulungile. Kodwa ngibone ukwehluleka ezindaweni ezithile, ezimbi.
I-Chlorides iyizitha ezinkulu. Ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa legumbi, ama-ion e-chloride angabangela ukugqwala kwe-pitting kanye nokuqhekeka. Sinikeze ukufakwa okungu-304L kwemigqa yamanzi engabalulekile yesitshalo esisogwini. Abukeka ekahle unyaka wonke, abese eqala ukuvuza emigodini ye-pinprick ngaphansi kwezicupho zokufaka umswakama lapho kuqoqwa khona umswakama. Okubalulekile kwakumele kucaciswe, kodwa indawo ezungezile yayingalungile. Ngalokho, udinga ukugxumela ku-316L nge-molybdenum. Isifundo besingekho mayelana nekhwalithi yensimbi; bekumayelana nobunjiniyela bezicelo.
Bese kuba nokugqwala kwe-intergranular. Ibanga le-L livikela ngokumelene nalo ekushiseleni, kodwa uma ingxenye ibanjwe ku-450-850 ° C ibanga elide kakhulu phakathi nesevisi-ithi, eduze nomthombo wokushisa-ukuzwela kusengenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwehluleka ukuhamba kancane. Kufanele ucabange ngawo wonke umjikelezo wempilo wengxenye, hhayi nje ukuthi yenziwa kanjani.
I-Alloy Nuance Esitolo Sezinto Eziningi
Isebenza endaweni efana neyethu QSY, lapho siphatha yonke into kusuka insimbi ku ama-alloys akhethekile njengama-nickel-based, ikunikeza umbono. I-304L ayibukwa yodwa. Iyingxenye ye-spectrum. Inzuzo yayo enkulu izindleko nokutholakala okuvamile uma kuqhathaniswa nama-alloys e-nickel ephezulu. Kodwa ukulinganiselwa kwayo kuchaza indawo yayo.
Isibonelo, uma iklayenti lidinga amandla okushisa aphezulu, silisusa ku-304L libheke kwelethu ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel. Lapho bedinga ukumelana nokugqwala okwedlulele ekunciphiseni ama-asidi, mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi sokuba ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt. I-304L ihlezi kuleyo ndawo emnandi yokusebenza okujwayelekile okuhle nokwenziwa kohlu olukhulu lwezingxenye zezimboni—izindlu zamaphampu, imizimba yamavalvu, izifakelo zokucubungula ukudla, ihadiwe yezakhiwo. Ihhashi lokusebenza.
Kodwa ngisho nanjengehhashi lokusebenzela, izakhi zokulandelela zibalulekile. Sinaka kakhulu i-melt chemistry. Isibabule esincane kakhulu singathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kodwa kulimaze ukumelana nokugqwala. Ibhalansi efanele ye-silicon ingathuthukisa i-fluidity for cast. Yile mininingwane ye-sub-spec ehlukanisa inqwaba imishini efana nebhotela futhi ehlala amashumi eminyaka kusukela kweyodwa ebangela ubuhlungu bekhanda kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.
Ephetha Ngaphandle Kokukhothama
Ngakho-ke, cha, i-304L akuyona nje impahla. Iwumsebenzi okusebenza kwakho kweqiniso kuvulwa (noma kuvinjwe) emininingwaneni yenqubo. Ekupheleni kosuku, impumelelo yengxenye ye-304L incike kakhulu ekusebenzeni komsunguli, ikhono likamashini, kanye nokucaciswa kwemvelo kanjiniyela njengoba kwenzeka emhlanganweni wamakhemikhali we-ASTM A743. Ukubambisana phakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo nomenzi. Awukwazi ukuvele uyi-ode kukhathalogi futhi ulindele ukuphelela. Kufanele uqonde ubuntu bayo, ukuthambekela kwayo, futhi uhloniphe imingcele yayo. Yilokho okufundiswa khona iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yokulingisa nokwenza imishini—ukubona insimbi, hhayi nje inombolo.
