Uma uzwa 'ukusakaza kwe-alloy investment', isithombe esiseduze ngokuvamile siyingxenye ye-aerospace ehlanzekile, enomumo weNet. Lokho kuyiqiniso, kodwa inguqulo yencwajana ecwebezelayo kuphela. Iqiniso eliku-foundry floor lingcolile, liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Umbono oyiphutha ovamile ukuthi iyisixazululo sokuma okukodwa kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi. Eqinisweni, ukusebenza kwayo kuncike ekuhlaziyeni okunonya kwezindleko zenzuzo yejometri uma kuqhathaniswa nevolumu. Ingabe kufanelekile igobolondo le-ceramic, amaphethini we-wax, isikhathi sokuhola esinwetshiwe? Ngobakaki olula, cishe ungalokothi. Ku-impeller enama-vanes angaphakathi, kuvame ukuba ukuphela kwendlela. Ubuciko bangempela abukho nje ekwenzeni abalingisi; kusekwazini lapho ungasebenzisi i-investimenti yokusakaza nhlobo.
I-Core Dance: I-Wax, i-Shell, ne-Metal
Inqubo ibonakala iqondile ezincwadini zokufunda: iphethini ye-wax, umhlangano, isakhiwo segobolondo, i-dewax, ukushisa, ukuthulula. Empeleni, isinyathelo ngasinye siyizingxoxo. Thatha ingcina. Ukwakhiwa kwayo akuyona into ejwayelekile; i-wax yengxenye yensimbi engenasici enodonga oluncane iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kuneyodwa ye-alloy ye-cobalt ewugqinsi. Amazinga okuncipha ayahluka, futhi uma iphethini yakho ye-wax ingabali ngokunembile ukushwabana kwensimbi okulandelayo, ususa amamajini enzuzo kamuva. Ngibone amaphrojekthi lapho amapharamitha okuqala omjovo we-wax akopishwa emsebenzini 'ofanayo', ukuze aveze amaphethini ahlanekezelwe abeka engcupheni ubuqotho begobolondo lonke. Kuyisinyathelo esiyisisekelo esinganakwa.
Bese kuza igobolondo le-ceramic. Isibalo somjikelezo we-dip-and-stucco asiyona into engafanele; kungumsebenzi we-alloy ethela izinga lokushisa kanye nengxenye yesisindo. Ingxubevange ye-nickel ephezulu ethelwe ngaphezu kuka-1500°C idinga igobolondo eliqinile ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kanye nokungena kwensimbi. Izendlalelo ezimbalwa kakhulu, futhi uzibeka engcupheni yokuphuma noma ukulingwa 'okufihlwe' kusuka ekuqhekekeni kwegobolondo. Ziningi kakhulu, futhi ubamba amagesi ngesikhathi sokukhipha i-waxing, okuholela kumabhamuza egobolondo abe amaphutha ekulingiseni kokugcina. Kuyikhono elithintekayo - ukwahlulela ukujiya kwegobolondo ngesisindo salo sesimo esiluhlaza nomsindo uma uthepha.
Isigaba sokutubeka sibalulekile, kodwa ngokuvamile siphathwa njengomjikelezo we-ovini olula. Akukhona nje ngokuncibilikisa ingcina; imayelana nokuguqula igobolondo libe yi-ceramic eqinile, evuthekayo. Amanani erempu anendaba. Ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi i-wax ekhulayo ingaqhekeza igobolondo. Ukunensa kakhulu, futhi ushiya izinsalela zekhabhoni ezingase zibangele ukonakala kwendawo ekusakazeni. Kuma-alloys azwelayo ekuthathweni kwekhabhoni, njengamanye ama-duplex stainless steels, lokhu kuyinhlekelele. Umkhathi wesithando somlilo udinga ukubhekwa futhi.
Izinketho Zezinto Ezibalulekile: Akuyona Nje Insimbi Engagqwali
Amaklayenti avame ukucacisa insimbi engagqwali njengokungathi iyinto eyodwa. Ukuziphatha kokulingisa kwe-304L uma kuqhathaniswa no-316L, ingasaphathwa eyokuba lukhuni kwemvula njengo-17-4PH, kuhluke kakhulu. Uketshezi, ukuthambekela kokudabula okushisayo, izidingo zokudla - zonke ziyashintsha. Lapha yilapho umuzwa we-Foundry wesikhathi eside ukhokha khona. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), abanesizinda sabo seminyaka engu-30, bebengakha umtapo ojulile, osebenzayo walokhu kuziphatha. Ungafunda imininingwane yedatha, kodwa wazi ukuthi ingxubevange ethile esekwe ku-nickel, kusho i-Inconel 718, inomkhuba omubi wokwenza ama-freckles uma izinga lokushisa lokuthela lingalawulwa ngokuqinile, livela ekulahleni amaqoqo ambalwa ukuze ufunde kanzima.
Ama-alloys akhethekile, afana ne-cobalt noma asekelwe ku-nickel, ethula olunye ungqimba. Ngokuvamile zikhethelwa ukumelana nokugqwala noma ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kodwa zingaba izilwane eziphelele ezingasakazwa. Anamaphoyinti aphezulu okuncibilika, agcizelela uhlelo lwegobolondo, futhi ububanzi bawo bokuqina bungaba luqili. Ukugenca nokukhuphuka kwalezi zinsiza akujwayelekile. Udinga ama-feeders amakhulu ukuze ulwe nokuncipha okukhulu, okube nomthelela ekuvunweni. Isibalo sezomnotho sishintsha kakhulu. Ingxenye yezindleko ayikho nje engosini yengxubevange ebizayo; isensimbi oyithelile ukuze uyinqamule futhi uyiqede.
Yilapho imishini edidiyelwe iba yinto engaxoxiswana ngayo. I-Foundry edlala kuphela ishiya imali nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi etafuleni. Ukusakaza kuyinqubo yokuma okuseduze, kodwa elithi 'eduze' igama elisebenzayo. Ubuso be-datum obubalulekile, izimbobo ezinentambo, amadayamitha aqinile azodinga ukwenziwa ngomshini. Ukuba nekhono le-CNC endlini, njengoba kwenza i-QSY, kusho ukuthi ingxenye ingaklanywa kucatshangwa ngalo lonke uchungechunge lwenqubo. Ungashiya isitokwe esibalulekile ezindaweni ezithile wazi ukuthi uzosifaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okusebenza kahle kakhulu kunokuzama ukubekezelela izinga le-micron yonke indawo, okuyinto engenakwenzeka ngokomzimba.
Izingibe Zomhlaba Wangempela Nokuyekethisa
Izinqubo zezincwadi zokufunda zithatha izimo eziphelele. Iqiniso alikwenzi. Ikhanda elibuhlungu eliphindelelayo liwukushintshashintsha okukhulu. Ngisho nangegobolondo elenziwe ngokuphelele, ngesikhathi sokuthululwa, amandla ashukumisayo ensimbi encibilikisiwe angaphakamisa noma agudluze ama-ceramic cores angaphakathi. Ngasebenza endlini yevalvu lapho umgogodla wephaseji wangaphakathi wagudluzwa ngo-1.5mm nje, okwenza iqoqo lonke lingasebenzi. Ukulungiswa kwakungekho ekuthululeni; bekungukuklama kabusha amaphrinti ayisisekelo nezisekelo esigabeni sephethini ye-wax. Yengeze amaviki amabili emugqeni wesikhathi we-prototyping.
Okulindelwe kokuqedwa kobuso nakho kudinga ukuphathwa. Ukutshala izimali kunikeza isiphetho esihle, kodwa 'njengokusakaza' akufani nokuthi 'okwenziwa ngomshini'. Ezingxenyeni ezibhekene nokugeleza koketshezi, njengezingxenye zephampu, ukuhwayela okuthile kwendawo kungase kwamukeleke. Okokufakelwa kwezokwelapha, akunjalo. Ngokuvamile, ulinganisa izindleko zokuthola ukuqedela okucolisekile njengokusakazwa (ngokusebenzisa izinto ezicolekile ze-ceramic stucco, amajazi engeziwe) ngokumelene nokucacisa umshini omncane noma umsebenzi wokuqhuma ngemva kokusakazwa. Lesi sakamuva ngokuvamile sinokwethenjelwa futhi singabizi kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuhola ngomunye umbulali othule. Abantu babona ukuthululwa okusheshayo futhi bacabange ukuthi kuyashesha. Bakhohlwa amaviki angu-2-3 okusebenza kwephethini, isonto lokwakha amagobolondo nokomisa, izinsuku zokutubeka. Kuyinqubo elinganiswa ngamaviki, hhayi izinsuku. Noma yisiphi isicelo sokujaha ngokuvamile sisho ukuyekethisa ngesikhathi sokumisa igobolondo, okuyithikithi eliqondile lokuhluleka kwesikhunta segobolondo. Awekho umsunguli ohlonishwayo okufanele avumelane nakho.
Inzuzo Yokuhlanganisa: Ukusuka Ekusakazeni Kuya Engxenyeni Eqediwe
Yilapho imodeli yendawo ehlanganisiwe nesitolo semishini, njengaleyo eshiwo yizinsizakalo ze-QSY, ibonisa inani layo langempela. Uma ukusakaza nomshini kungaphansi kophahla olulodwa, iluphu yempendulo iqinile. Umakhi wemishini uthola indawo eqinile eqhubekayo noma i-porosity engaphansi komhlaba endaweni ethile yokulingisa. Lolo lwazi lubuyela ngqo kunjiniyela we-Foundry. Ingabe bekuyinkinga yokupholisa yendawo? Isikhuphukeli esinganele? Bangakwazi ukulungisa ukwakheka kwesango lokugijima okulandelayo. Lokhu kuxazulula inkinga kwe-loop evaliwe akunakwenzeka uma ukusakaza kuthunyelwa esitolo somshini esivela eceleni ovele abhale isikhalazo kumbiko wekhwalithi.
Cabanga ngenqwaba yensimbi engagqwali. I-Cast, inobuso be-flange nezimbobo zamabhawodi. Ekusetheni okuhlanganisiwe, uhlelo lwe-CNC lungathuthukiswa nge-casting shrinkage factor esivele ibhakiwe. Ingxenye ilungiswa kusetshenziswa amaphoyinti ereferensi okusakazwa asungulwe ngesikhathi sokuklanywa kwephethini ye-wax. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kunciphisa isikhathi sokusetha futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi imvilophu yomshini ihlonipha ubukhulu bangempela bokulingisa, hhayi nje imodeli yayo yetiyori ye-CAD. Inciphisa izinsalela futhi isheshise ukulethwa.
Ulwazi oluphathekayo ludlulela nalapha. Ukucupha ingxubevange ye-cobalt kuhlukile ekwenzeni ibha eyenziwe yesimo esifanayo. I-microstructure, ubulukhuni, namandla okufakwa kwe-abrasive kuyahluka. Ithimba elihlanganisiwe liyakwazi ukukhetha amathuluzi afanele, isivinini, kanye nokuphakelayo kokuhlangenwe nakho, ukugwema amathuluzi aphukile kanye nokuqedwa okungalungile kwengxenye yokugcina, ebalulekile.
Imicabango Yokuphetha: I-Pragmatic Craft
Ngakho, yini ukuthatha? I-alloy investment casting iyindlela enamandla, kwesinye isikhathi edingekayo, yokukhiqiza. Kodwa impumelelo yayo igqitshwe emininingwaneni engekho endaweni yokuthengisa: ekuhlanganiseni kwe-wax, umswakama wegumbi legobolondo, ijika lokusha, kanye nolwazi olujulile lokuthi ingxubevange ethile igcwala futhi inciphe kanjani. Akuwona umlingo; kuwuchungechunge lokulawulwa, okungcolile, ukuyekethisa ngokomzimba.
Ithrendi, ngokufanelekile, ibhekiswe kubahlinzeki abahlanganisiwe ngokuqondile. Kunengqondo. Izinselele zokukhiqiza ukulingisa okunobuqotho obuphezulu kuhlanganiswe nezinyathelo eziza ngaphambi nangemva kwakho kangangokuthi ukuhlukana kwethula ubungozi kanye nezindleko. Uma ubheka ikhono lomphakeli, uhlu lwabo lwempahla efana nensimbi ewukhonkolo, insimbi, i-stainless, nama-alloys akhethekile luyisiqalo. Kodwa umbuzo wangempela uwukuthi: zingaki izikhathi lapho bekuthululela lokhu, bakwenza ngomshini, futhi baxazulule izinkinga ezivela kuphela lapho uzama ukwenza kokubili ukwenza ingxenye esebenzayo? Lokho kuyisipiliyoni esibalulekile.
Ekugcineni, kuwumsebenzi we-pragmatic. Awuthengi nje ukulingisa; uthenga ukwahlulela okuqoqiwe, okuvame ukuzuzwa kanzima, kweqembu elaziyo ukuthi lihamba kanjani lonke uhambo ukusuka kumodeli ye-3D ukuya engxenyeni eqediwe, ethembekile esandleni sakho. Lokho kwahlulela kungumkhiqizo wangempela.
