Uma uzwa 'i-cobalt alloy', ukuhlotshaniswa okuseduze kuvame ukuba lukhuni okwedlulele kanye nokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Lokho akulona iphutha, kodwa kuyisiqalo esifihla izinselele zangempela, ezimbi zokusebenza nazo. Imboni kwesinye isikhathi iyithatha njengenhlamvu yomlingo, isixazululo sokwehlisa noma sokushisa. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, lowo mcabango uholela ngqo ekuhlulekeni okubizayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi, ukuziphatha kwayo kuxhumene ngokujulile nokwakheka kwayo okuqondile futhi, ngokujulile, izinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukuyilolonga. Akuyona nje impahla; ubuhlobo phakathi kwamakhemikhali nobungcweti.
I-Foundry Floor Reality
Asikhulume ngokusakaza. Nge ingxube ye-cobalt, ikakhulukazi amabanga aphezulu ku-chromium ne-tungsten njenge-Stellite 6 noma 21, izinga lokushisa elithelayo liwumdanso onqenqemeni lommese. Kupholile kakhulu, futhi uthola ukuvala okubandayo nokugcwalisa okungaphelele ezingxenyeni ezincane. Kushisa kakhulu, futhi uzibeka engcupheni yokukhula okusanhlamvu ngokweqile nokuhlukaniswa kwe-carbide, okucekela phansi ngokuphelele izinto ezigugile ozikhokhelayo. Ngiye ngabona izingxenye ziphuma esikhunjeni zibukeka zilungile, kodwa zahluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi enkonzweni ngenxa yokuthi umkhuba wokuncibilika wawucinywe ngamadigri ambalwa noma izinga lokupholisa lalingalawulwa. Kuyinto ejezisa ukulinganisa.
Yilapho okubalulekile khona inzalo ye-Foundry. Isitolo esake sathelwa ngensimbi kuphela sizoba nzima. Udinga ukuncibilika komkhathi okulawulwayo, ngokuvamile i-argon noma i-vacuum, ukuvimbela i-oxidation yezinto ezisebenzayo njenge-chromium. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi eminyakeni edlule lapho sathola khona abalingisi abathile ingxube ye-cobalt ama-turbine seals avela ku-generalist foundry. Ukucaciswa kobukhulu kuhlangatshezwane nakho, kodwa ekuhlolweni, kubonise i-oxidation eyinhlekelele ezingeni lokushisa. Umlandu? Imikhondo yokuthatha umoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokuthululwa okudale ama-brittle oxide emingceleni yokusanhlamvu. Ingxenye yaphonswa ngokobuchwepheshe, kodwa yayingenamsebenzi.
Lokhu kuhambisana nalokho okubona kochwepheshe abake bahlala nalezi zinto zokusebenza. Thatha i-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ukugxila kwabo kweshumi leminyaka emithathu egobolondweni nasekufakweni kwe-investimenti kuma-alloys akhethekile akuwona nje umugqa wokumaketha. Okwe-a ingxubevange esekelwe cobalt, isistimu yokubumba igobolondo (ngokuvamile i-ceramic esekelwe ku-zirconia) kanye nemijikelezo enembile yokukhipha waxing nokudubula kuyingxenye yesakhiwo esincane sokugcina sale nto. Ukuthola lokho okulungile njalo umehluko phakathi kwengxenye ne-paperweight. Iwebhusayithi yabo, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ichaza umsebenzi wabo ngalawa ma-alloys, futhi kuwukuqoqwa kolwazi oluthize lwenqubo oluchaza amandla, hhayi nje uhlu lwamagama abalulekile.
Imishini: Lapho Ithiyori Ihlangana Nethuluzi
Uma ukulingisa kuwukuzalwa okuthambile, ukwenza imishini kuyimpi elawulwayo. Ukuthambekela kokusebenza kanzima kwabaningi ama-cobalt alloys iyinganekwane. Awukwazi ukusondela kuyo njengomshini wensimbi. Ithuluzi elibuthuntu kancane, izinga lokuphakelayo elingalungile, futhi uqinise ungqimba olungaphezulu ngaso leso sikhathi, okwenza iphasi elandelayo ingenzeki futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ushicilele okufakiwe kwe-carbide yakho. I-swarf kufanele iphume njenge-chip eshisayo, ekhanyayo, eqhubekayo. Uma uthola uthuli noma ama-chips ahlukene, usuvele ulahlekelwe.
Isethaphu iyikho konke. Ukuqina akuxoxiswana ngakho. Noma iyiphi ingxoxo noma ukuchezuka kuzodala ukwehluleka kwethuluzi ngokushesha. Lokhu sikufunde kanzima sizama ukugaya iphrofayili eyinkimbinkimbi esihlalweni se-Stellite. Sisebenzise uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-CNC lwensimbi, sinciphisa nje isivinini nokuphakelayo. Kwakuyinhlekelele. Ithuluzi lahlala imizuzu, futhi isiphetho esingaphezulu sadabuka. Isixazululo kwakungesona nje isivinini esinensayo; bekuwukucatshangelwa kabusha okuphelele: amajiyometri akhethekile (i-rake elihle, imiphetho ebukhali), isipholisi esinomfutho ophezulu oqondiswe ngqo onqenqemeni lokulawula ukushisa nama-chips, kanye nezindlela zokugaya ze-trochoidal ukuze kugcinwe ukubandakanyeka kungashintshi. Kuyinqubo yokususa edinga ulwazi olwengeziwe.
Leli inani lezitolo ezihlanganisiwe. Isikhungo esinikeza kokubili ukusakaza kanye nemishini ye-CNC ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njenge-QSY, sinenzuzo ebonakalayo ingxube ye-cobalt izingxenye. Omashini balapho ababoni into engaqondakali, engenalutho engenalutho efika emnyango wabo. Bavame ukubandakanyeka kusukela esigabeni sephethini, ukuqonda ukucindezelwa kwensalela kwengxenye kusukela ekubunjweni, izindawo zokuqina ezilindelekile, kanye nokufakwa okungenzeka. Lokhu kuqhubeka kuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo okungenzeki lapho ukusakaza nomshini kufakwa i-siloid. Iluphu yempendulo iqondile: umakhi wemishini uthola indawo yobulukhuni obungalindelekile futhi angahamba abuyele endaweni yokusungula ukuze axoxe ngokuthela noma ukwelashwa kokushisa kwalelo qoqo.
I-Alloy Choice Trap
Hhayi bonke ama-cobalt alloys adalwe alingana, futhi uhlelo lokusebenza lubiza ibanga ngezindlela ezingabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-Stellite 6 iyihhashi lokusebenza lokumelana nokugqokwa okujwayelekile. I-Stellite 12 inikezela ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-carbide ukuze kugqokwe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke unamamaki afana ne-Haynes 25 (L-605) noma angu-188, aklanyelwe kakhulu amandla okushisa aphezulu kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation ku-aerospace, enezici ezihlukene zomshini nokushisela. Ukucacisa okungalungile kuyiphutha elibizayo.
Ngikhumbula icala lapho iklayenti laphikelela khona ekusebenziseni i-Stellite 6 ukuze ithole isihlalo sevalvu yokukhipha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngenxa yokuthi yayinesitokwe sayo. Ayesebenzanga kahle, ehlushwa ukuguga kwe-oxidative kanye nokonakala okuncane. Inkinga kwakungeyona ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo; kwakuwumndeni wengxubevange ongalungile waleyo nhlanganisela ethile yokushisa nomoya. Sishintshele ku-alloy esekelwe ku-nickel ene-aluminum oxide-forming element, exazulule inkinga. Siyini isifundo? Ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt akuzona isixazululo se-monolithic sokushisa nokuqinile. I-matrix yabo (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-cobalt-rich noma iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu) kanye nesakhiwo se-carbide sichaza i-niche yabo.
Yilapho uhla lwezinto zomphakeli luba bucayi. Inkampani ebhala uhlu ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt, ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel, njll. kubonisa ukuqonda ukuthi ukukhetha kwezinto kuyisinqumo esiyisisekelo sobunjiniyela. Abagcini nje ngokuphusha lokho abanakho; bahlonyiselwe ukuba nengxoxo mayelana nokuthi ingxubevange ye-cobalt iyimpendulo efanele yini, noma uma i-superalloy ehlukile ingenza kangcono. Leyo ndlela yokubonisana izalwa ngokubona kokubili impumelelo nokwehluleka kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ukushisela nokulungisa: Ubuciko obungenzeka
Ukulungisa noma ukwakha kugugile ingxube ye-cobalt izingxenye nge-welding yizwe layo elikhethekile. Ngokuvamile kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu yokwelula impilo yengxenye enkulu, ebizayo njengeblade ye-turbine noma isikulufu se-extrusion. Kodwa igcwele izingibe. Isitha esiyinhloko ukuqhekeka, noma ukuqhekeka okushisayo ngesikhathi sokuqina noma ukuqhekeka kwengcindezi okuvela ekufakweni okukhulu kokushisa kwendawo.
Umkhuba ojwayelekile uwukusebenzisa insimbi yokugcwalisa ukwakheka okufanayo, kodwa noma kunjalo, ukulawulwa kokushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa nokwehlukanisa kubaluleke kakhulu. Udala indawo encane, ichibi lokusakaza elilawulwayo. Ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi uvaleleka ekucindezelekeni. Ihamba kancane kakhulu, futhi indawo ethinteke ukushisa iba nkulu kakhulu, okungase kuguqule izici zesisekelo sensimbi. Ngichithe amahora ngilungisa insimbi yokushisela i-forging die enkulu, ngizwe kuphela ukukhala kwe-crack esabekayo njengoba iphola, ngoba nje seqe ukwelashwa okuhamba kancane, okulawulwayo kwangemva kokushisa kwengubo yokuvala ukushisa.
Ukulungiswa okuphumelelayo kuvame ukwehlela olwazini lwezizwe. Amashisela angcono kakhulu athuthukisa umuzwa wokumanzi nombala we-puddle. Lokhu akuyona into oyithola kumininingwane. Kungakho imisebenzi esenesikhathi eside yakha ulwazi lwesikhungo olunjalo. Uma inkampani efana ne-QSY isho iminyaka engama-30 ekulingeni nasekwenzeni imishini, lowo mugqa wesikhathi usikisela ukuthi babonile futhi kungenzeka benze isabelo sabo sokukhanda kanye nomsebenzi wokubuyisela kulezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinobuqili, eqongelela imithetho emincane, engabhalwanga ebusa impumelelo.
Ebuka Isakhiwo Sokusanhlamvu
Ekugcineni, ukwethemba a ingxube ye-cobalt ingxenye isho ukwethemba i-microstructure yayo. Isitifiketi sokuvumelana kwekhemistri yikhasi lokuqala lendaba. Ukulandisa kwangempela kubhalwe ngosayizi wokusanhlamvu, ukusatshalaliswa kanye ne-morphology ye-carbides, kanye nokungabikho kweziphambeko. Udinga ukubheka. I-macro-etch ingaveza izinkinga zokuthulula, ukuncipha, noma ukuvala okubandayo. I-Microscopy ku-100x noma ku-500x ikutshela uma ama-carbide aqinile, angagugi ahlakazeke ngokulinganayo noma ahlanganiswe kumanethiwekhi aphukayo.
Lokhu ukuhlola ikhwalithi yokugcina, okungaxoxiswana ngayo. Sinqabe amaqoqo aphumelele kukho konke ukuhlolwa kobukhulu kanye namakhemikhali ngoba i-metallography ibonise ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile kwe-dendritic. Ingxenye yayizoguga ngokungalingani futhi yehluleke ngokushesha. Leli zinga lokuhlolisisa liyingxenye yephakheji lapho usebenza nabahlinzeki abakhulu. Kungumehluko phakathi kokuthenga into ethile nokuthenga isiqinisekiso sokusebenza. Ukuminyana, ukuzwakala, i-microstructure—lokhu kuyimiphumela ebonakalayo yakho konke lokho kulawulwa kwenqubo okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambili.
Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlola umthombo, bheka ubufakazi balokhu kulawulwa okuphelele. Ingabe abakwazi ukunikeza nje ukulingisa, kodwa indaba ngemuva kwakho? Bangakwazi yini ukuxoxa ngamajika okwelapha ukushisa, amanani okupholisa, nokuhlosiwe kwe-microstructural? Amandla okwenza lokho, azalwa kusukela emashumini eminyaka okugxilwe kuwo njengoba kubonakala ezinkampanini ezifana ne-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology, yiwo ahlukanisa umthengisi wezingxenye kumlingani wangempela wokukhiqiza ukuze afune ngenkani. ingxube ye-cobalt izicelo. Impahla inhle kuphela njengenqubo eyilolongayo, ukusuka oketshezini kuya engxenyeni eqediwe.
