Uzwa 'ukulahleka kwe-wax' futhi izingqondo eziningi zigxumela ngqo kubuciko basendulo noma ubucwebe obuthambile. Lowo umbono oyiphutha wokuqala. Emkhakheni wezimboni, iwumgogodla we ukutshala imali, inqubo lapho ukunemba kuhlangabezana nevolumu, futhi lapho ingxenye 'ye-wax elahlekile' imane iyisenzo sokuvula ekudlaleni okude kakhulu, okungcolile, nokufuna kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe. Akukhona nje ukwenza isikhunta; imayelana nokuphatha lonke iketango ukusuka kuphethini ye-wax ukuya engxenyeni eqediwe eyenziwe ngomshini, lapho iphutha esinyathelweni sokuqala lingasusa inqwaba ngemva kwamasonto omsebenzi.
I-Wax Room: Lapho Konke Kuqala (Futhi Kungahamba Kahle)
Igumbi lomjovo we-wax lilula ngokukhohlisa. Konke kumayelana nezinga lokushisa nengcindezi, kodwa ukukulungisa kuyinto ezwakalayo. I-wax ayiyona nje into eyodwa; kuvame ukuba yingxube, enezici ezihlukene zokugeleza. Sisebenzisa inhlanganisela eguquliwe esekwe kupharafini ezingxenyeni eziningi zensimbi ezijwayelekile. Uma umjovo ushisa kakhulu, i-wax iphola kancane, ibangele ukushwabana kwemigodi noma ukuhlanekezela. Kubanda kakhulu, futhi uthola imigqa yokugeleza noma ukugcwaliswa okungaphelele, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezincane. Ngibone ochwepheshe abasha bekhiqiza okubukeka njengamaphethini we-wax aphelele, kuphela ukuze bathuthukise imifantu yengcindezi yangaphakathi ngemva kwamahora angu-24 ku-rack. Lokho ukwehluleka ongakuboni kuze kube yilapho igobolondo le-ceramic lakhiwe futhi insimbi ithululelwa, ichitha yonke into.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphethini we-wax ohlelweni lokungena olumaphakathi—'isihlahla'—kungelinye ikhono elibalulekile lesandla. Kubukeka njengamamodeli e-gluing ehlangene, kodwa i-engeli nobuqotho obuhlangene bulawula ukugeleza kwensimbi. Ilunga elibuthakathaka lingabangela 'ukuphelelwa amandla' ngesikhathi sokuthela. Sake saba nenqwaba ye-pump impeller lapho ukungahambi kahle kancane emhlanganweni wesihlahla kwaholela ekugcwalisweni okuneziyaluyalu. Ama-castings abukeka elungile, kodwa i-X-ray yembula ukuhlakazeka kwe-porosity kuma-vanes. Yonke inkatho yenqatshwa. Lezo yizindleko ezifihliwe zomhlangano we-wax osheshayo.
Ubuciko bangempela buyi-wax ngokwayo. Emashaneli angaphakathi ayinkimbinkimbi, njengalawo aku-turbine blade noma ama-prototypes okufakelwa kwezokwelapha, singase sisebenzise i-wax core encibilikayo. Ubumba umgogodla, uhlanganise iphethini ye-wax eyinhloko nxazonke, wakhe igobolondo le-ceramic, bese usebenzisa amanzi ashisayo noma ukugeza okuncibilikayo ukuze uncibilikise i-wax eyinhloko ngaphambi kwesiteji esikhulu sokuxosha. Ibhalansi ekhohlisayo-i-wax eyinhloko kufanele incibilike ngaphandle kokuthambisa i-wax yephethini eyinhloko. Kuyinto ekhethekile, futhi akuzona zonke izitolo eziyitholayo ngendlela efanayo.
Isakhiwo seShell: Umdanso Wobumba
Ukucwilisa isihlahla se-wax odongeni oludakayo lwe-ceramic akuyona i-dunk; kuwukunamathela okulawulwayo. Ijazi lokuqala, ijazi lobuso, lisebenzisa ufulawa we-zircon ocoleke kakhulu noma ufulawa we-silica. Yilokhu okuchaza isiphetho esingaphezulu sengxenye yokugcina yensimbi. Noma yiluphi uthuli noma ukungcola lapha kubanjwa unomphela endaweni yokulingisa. I-viscosity ye-slurry ihlolwa izikhathi eziningi ngosuku-iyaqina njengoba impahla ihwamuka futhi idinga ukuncishiswa.
Ngemva kokucwiliswa kwe-slurry, ngokushesha iba sembhedeni omanzi wesihlabathi esimahhadlahhaza, esiyi-angular refractory—i-silica evamise ukuhlanganisa amajazi ambalwa okuqala. Le nqubo ye-stuccoing idala ukukhiya okubalulekile phakathi kwezendlalelo. Isigqi sithi dip, sand, dry. Phinda. Indawo yokomisa ibalulekile: umswakama olawulwayo kanye nezinga lokushisa. Ukusheshisa kakhulu, futhi igobolondo lingahlakulela imifantu emincane; ihamba kancane kakhulu, futhi uhlelo lwakho lokukhiqiza lumile. Sihlose amajazi angu-7 kuya kwangu-9 ekubunjweni okuningi kwensimbi, sakhe igobolondo eliwugqinsi oluwu-6-8mm. Idinga ukuthi ibe namandla ngokwanele ukuze imelane ne-autoclave dewaxing kodwa ikwazi ukungena ngokwanele ukuvumela amagesi ukuba aphume ngesikhathi sokuthela.
Ukomiswa kokugcina, noma 'ukuqina,' kwegobolondo eliqediwe kuthatha okungenani amahora angu-24. Awukwazi ukusheshisa. Igobolondo elizwakala lomile ngaphandle lisakwazi ukubamba umswakama ngaphakathi. Ngesikhathi se-dewaxing yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (sisebenzisa i-autoclave yesitimu esinomfutho ophezulu), lowo mswakamo ovalelekile uphenduka ube isitimu ngaso leso sikhathi, bese u-pop-uthola ukuqhekeka kwamagobolondo noma ngisho nokuqhuma. Ngivule i-autoclave ukuze ngithole isihlahla siphahlazeke ngokuphelele, izingcezu zobumba zobumba yonke indawo. Imbangela? Ilogi yokumisa engaphelele yenqwaba eyodwa, ephushelwe ngenxa yomnqamulajuqu oqinile. Isifundo esibizayo.
Ukushiswa, Ukuthululwa, kanye Nomzuzu Weqiniso
Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-dewax, amagobolondo e-ceramic angenalutho angena esithandweni sokushisa. Lokhu akukhona nje ngokushisa ingcina eyinsalela; ishisa i-ceramic, ihlanganisa izinhlayiya zibe isikhunta esiqinile, se-monolithic. I-ramp-up yezinga lokushisa inembe. Kunolaka kakhulu, futhi ukushaqeka okushisayo kuzoqhekeza igobolondo. Sivamise ukubamba cishe ku-1000°C amahora ambalwa, kuye ngengxubevange ezothelwa. Igobolondo kufanele lithelwe lisashisa—ngokuvamile libe ngaphezu kuka-500°C. Ukuthululela egobolondweni elibandayo kuholela ekwakhiweni kwama-mistruns kanye nokuvala okubandayo. Isikhathi phakathi kwesithando somlilo kanye nesiteshi sokuthulula umdanso ohlanganisiwe.
Ukuthulula ngokwako kuyi-visceral. Ezinsimbini ezingenasici ezifana no-304 noma 316, noma ama-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu njenge-Inconel, izinga lokushisa lomlilo lingadlula u-1600°C. Ubheke ukugeleza kwensimbi, ukuphakama kwensimbi enkomishini ethela. Uhlelo lokungena oluklanywe emasontweni edlule nge-wax manje selwenza umsebenzi walo kuphela. Isango eliklanywe kahle ligcwalisa isikhunta ngokushelela, kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, ukunciphisa ukuthuthumela kanye nokwakheka kwe-oxide. Idizayini engalungile izosaphaza insimbi, ivale umoya futhi idale ukufakwa kwamanzi. Ngezinye izikhathi ungawuzwa umehluko—umsindo othulile, okhuphukayo uphikisana nokuvungama okunomsindo.
Ukunyakazisa kwenzeka ngemva kokuba insimbi isiqinile futhi isipholile. Igobolondo le-ceramic lihlukaniswa ukudlidliza komshini. Lapha kulapho ubona khona ukulingisa okuluhlaza okokuqala ngqa, kusanamathele ohlelweni lwesango lensimbi. Umzuzwana weqiniso, kodwa hhayi owokugcina. Ukuhlola okungaphezulu kuvame ukuveza izimpawu zokuqala zempumelelo noma zokwehluleka: ukuphindaphindeka okuhle kwensimbi, noma amaphutha afana nezimpiko (kusukela emifantwini yegobolondo), indawo emagebhugebhu (kusuka ejazini lobuso elimahhadla), noma ukushwabana okubonakalayo. Okwenkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule ukubunjwa kwegobolondo futhi ukutshala imali, lesi sigaba yilapho ukulawulwa kwenqubo yabo kuqinisekiswa khona. Ukugxila kwabo ezintweni ezifana ne-cobalt ekhethekile nama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel kudinga ukulawula okuqinile kulezi zigaba zangaphambili, njengoba lawa ma-alloys awathetheleli kangako amaphutha egobolondo noma amaphutha okuthela kunensimbi evamile.
I-Post-Casting: Lapho Ukusakaza Kuhlangana Nomshini
Ingxenye ye-as-cast akuvamile ukuba ibe yingxenye yokugcina. Leli yiphuzu elibalulekile. Ukukhipha i-wax elahlekile ikuthola 'i-near-net-shape,' kodwa ukuxhumana okubalulekile cishe kudinga ukwenziwa ngomshini. Isistimu yesango inqanyuliwe, ngokuvamile nge-bandsaw noma isondo elilumayo lezingxenye ezincane, noma i-arc ye-plasma yezinkulu. Bese kuba ku-CNC milling noma ukujika. Ukulingisa kufanele kube kwaklanywa ngokuvunyelwa komshini—impahla eyengeziwe eshiywe ezindaweni ezithile. Yenza lokhu kuvumela kube okungalungile, futhi ushiya isikhumba sokuphonsa esingenakuqhathaniswa endaweni evaliwe noma usike endaweni engenalutho noma ukufakwa kufihlwe ngaphansi nje kwendawo.
Lapha yilapho umsebenzi ohlanganisiwe ubonisa khona inani lawo. Kwa-QSY, ukuba nakho kokubili ukulingisa kanye CNC imishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa kuyinzuzo enkulu. Ochwepheshe bemishini banikeza impendulo ku-Foundry. Isibonelo, uma njalo bethola izindawo eziqinile ku-flange ethile lapho bebhola, kungase kubonise inkinga yokupholisa yendawo noma ukufakwa kwe-slag kusuka ekutheleni. Le mpendulo ye-close-loop ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni inqubo. Ihambisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kusuka ekuhlolweni okumsulwa kuya ekuvimbeleni okusebenzayo.
Sakha uchungechunge lwemizimba yama-valve ngensimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex. Abalingisi baphumelele ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo nobukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokusebenza okubhekene ne-CNC lathe, ithuluzi lalivele likhulume futhi ligqoke ngokweqile endaweni eyodwa yazo zonke izingxenye. Kuvele ukuhluka okuncane enqubweni yokomisa igobolondo okuholele kungqimba oluminyene kancane, oluqinile lwe-ceramic kuleso sifunda, olubangele ukupholisa okusheshisiwe kanye noshintsho lwendawo kusakhiwo esincane sensimbi. Ukulungiswa kwakungekho kumapharamitha womshini; yayibuyele endlini yokomisa, ilinganisa ukugeleza komoya okuzungeze izihlahla zengcina. Ngaphandle kwalokho kubuka okudidiyelwe, ungaqhubeka uvutha ngamathuluzi okusika futhi usole okokusebenza.
Izinketho Zezinto ezibonakalayo: Akukhona nje Ngensimbi
Lapho abantu bekhuluma ngezinto ezibunjiweyo, bagxila ensimbi: insimbi eyinsimbi, i-carbon steel, i-stainless, ama-alloys angavamile. Kodwa ingxoxo yezinto ezibonakalayo iqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ifomula ye-wax kufanele ihambisane ne-ceramic slurry. I-ceramic kufanele ingabi namakhemikhali ensimbi encibilikisiwe. Ukuthela insimbi esebenzayo njenge-titanium noma ingxubevange ye-aluminium ephezulu kudinga amasistimu e-ceramic ahluke ngokuphelele (ngokuvamile asekelwe ku-yttria) kunensimbi yokuthela. Ukusebenzisa i-refractory engalungile kuholela ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali esixhumi esibonakalayo, konakalise indawo engaphezulu futhi kubangele ukwehluleka kwegobolondo.
Kuma-superalloys asuselwa ku-nickel kanye ne-cobalt i-QSY evame ukusebenza nawo, izici zokunweba ezishisayo zegobolondo le-ceramic zibaluleke kakhulu. Lawa ma-alloys athululelwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu futhi anokuziphatha okuqinile kokuqina. Igobolondo kumelwe limelane nokucindezeleka okushisayo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukusabela, futhi kumelwe livumele umkhawulo owanele ukuze livimbele ukuhlanekezela kodwa hhayi kakhulu kangangokuthi libangele ukudabuka okushisayo. Kuyisenzo sokulinganisa esichazwa isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, hhayi nje ubuciko.
Ngisho nangaphakathi kwensimbi, ibanga libalulekile ekusetheni inqubo. Insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi efana no-1020 iwuketshezi futhi kulula ukuyisakaza kodwa ingathambile uma kwenziwa imishini. Insimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu noma ithuluzi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuyisakaza ngaphandle kokuqhekeka kodwa ibamba unqenqema. Konke ukuguqulwa kwezinto kusho ukuphinda uvakashele imingcele yomjovo we-wax, isikhathi sokumisa igobolondo, umjikelezo wokutubeka, kanye nezinga lokushisa elithelayo. Ayikho iresiphi yendawo yonke. Lolu ulwazi oluqoqiwe, oluvame ukungabi namaphepha, oluhlukanisa isitolo semisebenzi nochwepheshe bangempela. Ungathola enye yezindlela zabo zokumataniswa kwenqubo yezinto ezibonakalayo enemininingwane ezincazelweni zabo zenqubo kusayithi labo, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ebonisa ukuqonda okungokoqobo, kunokuba kube ithiyori kuphela, lomkhakha.
Ekugcineni: Luhlelo
Ngakho, ukulahlekelwa kwe-wax cast, noma ukutshala imali, akusona isinyathelo esisodwa nje. Isistimu exhunyiwe. Ukushiyeka komjovo we-wax kungase kungabonakali kuze kusetshenziswe imishini. I-hiccup ekomisweni kwegobolondo ingonakalisa ukuthululwa. Idizayini yokungena ekhazimulayo ingase inganakwa yizinga lokushisa elingabalwe kahle lokuthulula. Ubuhle nokukhungatheka kwayo kulele kulokhu kuxhumana. Awuyiphathi inqubo; uphethe uchungechunge lwemicimbi lapho isixhumanisi ngasinye sincike ngokuphelele emandleni esidlule.
Umgomo awukona ukuzuza ubuciko obuphelele ngesiqeshana esisodwa—yize lokho kungenzeka. Kumongo wezimboni njengama-QSY, umgomo uyaphindaphindeka, uthembekile, futhi unembile ngokomnotho kuwo wonke amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zezingxenye. Kumayelana nokulawula okuguquguqukayo ngenqubo egcwele kubo. I-wax ilahlekile, kodwa izifundo eziphuma kukho konke ukugijima okuhlulekile, yonke indawo engaphelele, konke ukumangala komshini, yizo ezigxilile ezinqubweni zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zesitolo. Lokho kungumphumela wangempela wenqubo: hhayi nje izingxenye zensimbi, kodwa ulwazi olucwengisisiwe.
Uma uhamba endaweni esekelwe kuyo, ubona umjikelezo yonke indawo: kuqoqwa ama-rack we-wax, amathangi anodaka ayagiya, iziko liyabhonga, imishini ye-CNC iyantweza. Kungcolile, kuyashisa, futhi kugcwele izahlulelo. Ipulani liyisiqalo nje. Okunye konke kumayelana nokuzwakala kwe-wax, ukubukeka kwe-slurry, umsindo wokuthulula, kanye nempendulo evela esitolo semishini. Lelo iqiniso le-wax elahlekile elahla ikhasi lezincwadi zokufunda futhi phansi efektri.
