Uma abantu abaningi bezwa 'ukufakwa kwezimali okujwayelekile', babona ingxenye engenasici, emise okwenetha iphuma egobolondweni le-ceramic, elungele ukuhlanganiswa. Izincwajana namawebhusayithi akwenza kubukeke njengomlingo. Iqiniso, ingxenye ekhokha ngempela izikweletu futhi igcine amakhasimende ebuya, imayelana nokuphatha okungabonwayo: izici ezinciphayo ezingekho ebhukwini lengxube yengxubevange yakho ethile, indlela umklamo othile wokuphrinta oyinhloko ongasonteka ngayo lonke igobolondo ngesikhathi se-dewax, noma ukuhwebelana okungaphezulu lapho ujaha zombili izindonga ezincane nobunkimbinkimbi bangaphakathi. Akukhona nje ukwenza isikhunta; imayelana nokubona kusengaphambili lonke uchungechunge lwemicimbi kusukela kumodeli ye-3D ukuya engxenyeni eqediwe, emshinini.
Isisekelo: Iqala (futhi Ivamise Ukukhubeka) Ngephethini
Wonke umuntu ugxile ensimbi, kodwa isinyathelo sokuqala sangempela ithuluzi lephethini. Ngibone amaphrojekthi echitheka lapha kunanoma iyiphi enye indawo. Awukwazi ukuthatha imodeli ye-CAD bese ugaya iphethini. Kufanele usebenzise umthetho wokuncipha, kodwa yimuphi? Izinga elishicilelwe le-316 elingenasici liyisiqalo, kodwa ekusebenzeni, liyashintsha nejometri. Isici eside, esincanyana sizocindezela ukuncipha ngokuhlukile kunesigaba esikhulu. Lokhu sikufunde kabuhlungu kusenesikhathi, sikhiqiza inqwaba yemizimba yama-valve eyayingenasici ku-CMM ngaphandle kobuso obubucayi obune-flange - icishe yanele ukubangela inkinga yokuvala. Ingxubevange ishwabene njengoba kwakubikezelwe, kodwa iphethini ayizange ibale ukupholisa okuhlukile. Manje, sakhela isinxephezelo esisekelwe engxenyeni ye-topology, hhayi nje amaphesenti aphelele.
Bese kuba impahla yephethini ngokwayo. Ngevolumu ephansi ngokwezifiso utshalomali Casting, i-prototyping esheshayo njenge-SLA noma ukuphrinta kwe-wax kuyalinga. Kuyashesha. Kodwa uma ugijima ngisho nezingcezu ezingu-50, ukuvumelana kwe-aluminium eyenziwe ngomshini noma ifenisha yensimbi kufaneleka izindleko zangaphambili. Ingaphezulu lephethini ye-wax ephrintiwe inokwakheka, isitebhisi esincane, esidlulela kugobolondo le-ceramic bese kuba yinsimbi. Uma udinga i-Ra 63 microinch noma indawo engcono njenge-cast, leyo inkinga. Ukonga kokuqala kuyahwamuka ngezindleko ezengeziwe zokuqeda.
Kulapho okuhlangenwe nakho kozakwethu kubonisa khona. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), namashumi amathathu eminyaka abo, cishe uye wakha izinkulungwane zamaphethini afayo. Leyo labhulali yedatha yomlando yokuthi izimo ezihlukene ziziphatha kanjani ekubunjeni ibaluleke kakhulu. Ungumehluko phakathi kokushwabana kwetiyori kanye nokufakazelwe, okuthungwe ku-turbine blade ngokumelene nendlu yephampu.
I-Shell Game: I-Ceramics, Stucco, kanye Nesikhathi Sokomisa
Inqubo yokwakha amagobolondo yilapho ubuciko buhlangana nesayensi. Ijazi le-slurry eliyinhloko libalulekile ekuqedeni okungaphezulu, kodwa amajazi ayisipele angamandla. Ukukhethwa kwe-stucco - i-zircon, i-silica ehlanganisiwe, i-alumino-silicate - kuncike ekutheleleni kwengxube ye-alloy kanye nezidingo ezishisayo zengxenye. Ukuthela i-nickel-based superalloy? Cishe ngokuqinisekile usebenzisa ijazi lobuso elisekelwe ku-zirconia kanye ne-stucco ukuze uvimbele ukusabela kwesikhunta sensimbi. Kodwa lokho kuyabiza. Ezitshalweni eziningi ze-carbon steel, isistimu ye-silica ehlanganisiwe isebenza kahle futhi inciphisa izindleko.
Isikhathi sokumisa phakathi kwamadiphu singumbulali othule wamashejuli nekhwalithi. Yisheshise, bese ubamba umswakama. Umfutho we-steam ngesikhathi se-dewax elandelayo yokushisa okuphezulu ungaqhekeka igobolondo kusukela ngaphakathi ngaphandle. Sake salahlekelwa isihlahla sonke sabakaki be-aerospace ngenxa yokuthi ukukhuphuka komswakamo endaweni yokomisa akuzange kubalwe. Amagobolondo ayebukeka ephelele aze aqhuma ku-autoclave ye-dewax. Manje, siqapha izimo ze-ambient eduze njenge-viscosity ye-slurry.
Ukuqina kwegobolondo kungenye inkundla yokwahlulela. Ukuqina kunamandla, kodwa futhi kusho izindleko zempahla ezengeziwe, izikhathi ezinde zokushisisa isikhunta ngaphambi kokuthelwa, kanye namazinga okupholisa angaba mabi kakhulu ensimbi. Ukuze uthole ingxenye enezindonga ezincane, udinga igobolondo eliqinile ukuze uvimbele ukuphuka ngesikhathi sokuphatha, kodwa awufuni isisindo esishisayo esibambezela ukuqiniswa futhi sidale izinkinga zesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu. Ibhalansi oyifunda emuzweni, ngokuvamile ngokuphula amagobolondo ambalwa okuhlola ukuze uhlole ukungena namandla.
I-Dewax kanye Nokushiswa: Ukuguqulwa Okungabonakali
I-Dewax ayincibiliki nje ingcina. Ama-autoclave esimanje asebenzisa isitimu esinomfutho ophezulu ukuze ancibilike futhi ahwamuke ngokushesha. Isihluthulelo siwukulawula isivinini nokucindezela - khipha i-wax ngaphambi kokuba inwebe ngokwanele ukuze iqhekeze i-ceramic. Kodwa ngemva kwe-dewax, unegobolondo elingenalutho, elibuthakathaka. Umjikelezo wokutubeka ube usuwushisa ufinyelele ku-1000°C ukuze ushise noma iyiphi impahla yephethini eyinsalela, uhlanganise izinhlayiya ze-ceramic ukuze uthole amandla, futhi ulethe isikhunta ezingeni lokushisa ukuze sithelwe. Uma izinga lerempu lishesha kakhulu, ukushaqeka okushisayo kubangela imifantu. Unensa kakhulu, futhi umosha isikhathi namandla esithandweni somlilo. Lona ubuciko benqubo obuhlanzekile, ngokuvamile obuqondile ohlelweni lwegobolondo kanye nosayizi wengxenye.
I-Metallurgy kanye Nokuthululwa: Lapho Kwenziwa khona Isinqumo Soketshezi
Lesi yisikhathi seqiniso. Unesikhunta esishisayo nesithando somlilo sensimbi encibilikisiwe. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kubonakala kuqondile kusuka ku-spec sheet, kodwa umkhuba wokuncibilika uyikho konke. Isibonelo, ngezinsimbi ezingenasici, ukulawula okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kokugqwala. Awukwazi ukuvele ulahle izinsalela esithandweni sokungeniswa. I-makeup yokushaja idinga ukulawulwa.
I-Degassing ingesinye isinyathelo esibalulekile, ikakhulukazi ama-alloys e-aluminium noma izinsimbi ezidinga amandla aphezulu okukhathala. I-hydrogen pickup kusuka kumswakama isitha. Uzoyibona kamuva njenge-porosity kuma-radiographs. Sisebenza ngebanga elisuka kunsimbi encibilikisiwe ukuya kuma-alloys akhethekile njenge-cobalt-based Stellite, futhi ngayinye inomdanso wayo. Ukuthululela ingxubevange ye-cobalt yesihlalo se-valve esingagugi kuyisilwane esihlukile ekuthululeni i-ductile iron yendlu yegiya. Izinga lokushisa elishisa kakhulu, isivinini esithululwayo sokugwema isiyaluyalu, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhaza esibunjeni ukuze kuqiniswe ngqo... zonke lezi zinqumo zenziwa ngamaminithi asekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kokushisa kanye nejometri yengxenye.
Ukukhuluma kwe-QSY ngokusebenza ngama-alloys akhethekile afana ne-nickel-based kanye nasekelwe ku-cobalt kuwuphawu lwekhono. Lezi akuzona izinto ezilula. Anamaphoyinti aphezulu okuncibilika, avame ukusabela, futhi adinga ukuphathwa okushisayo okunembayo ukuze azuze izici ezifiselekayo (njengokumelana nokukhasa engxenyeni ye-turbine). Ukuphatha lezi zinto ngokuzethemba kusho ukuthi batshale imali kubuchwepheshe obufanele besithando somlilo futhi banobuchwepheshe be-metallurgical bokusekela lokho.
Umphumela: Ukuhlanza, Ukuqeda, kanye Nokuxhawulana Kwe-CNC
Uma ukulingisa sekupholile futhi uphuke igobolondo, usala nengxenye eqinile enamathiselwe ohlelweni lwakho lokungena. Inqubo yokukhipha idinga ukunakekelwa - awufuni ukulimaza izici ezintekenteke osanda kuzidala. Bese kulandela ukunqunywa, ngokuvamile ngesondo eliqhumayo noma isaha lebhande. Ngemva kwalokho, ukugaya ukususa stubs isango. Lona umsebenzi wezandla, wamakhono. Umshini wokugaya owazi ingxenye ungakongela isikhathi sokwenza imishini kamuva; ongakwazi angakwazi ukugaya izindawo ezibucayi ze-datum.
Yilapho ukuhlanganiswa ne CNC imishini iba yinto engaxoxiswana ngayo ngezingxenye ezinembayo. Kumbalwa kakhulu ukusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali okunesimo esiphelele sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo. Udinga ubuso obufakwe ngomshini ukuze uvalwe, izimbobo ezibhoboziwe nezicofayo ezinamakilasi entambo aqondile, noma amadayamitha anesithukuthezi anokubekezelelana okuqinile. Inzuzo enkulu ye ukutshala imali nakhu ukuthi ikunikeza i-preform eseduze-net-shape, inciphisa inani le-alloy ebizayo okufanele uyisuse ngomshini. Iphinde futhi inikeze isibonelelo sesitoko esingaguquki nesincane, esivumela ochwepheshe bemishini basebenzise izindlela zamathuluzi ezinolaka, ezibikezelwe.
Ukuba nakho kokubili ukusakaza kanye nokwenza imishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njengoba kwenza i-QSY, kuqeda iphuzu elikhulu lokungqubuzana. Ithimba labalingisi lazi kahle ukuthi yisiphi isitokwe okufanele sishiyelwe osomshini. Ochwepheshe bemishini bayaqonda okungase kube okudidayo okungaba khona (njengamashifu amancane amaphakathi noma ukushelela okuncane kwendawo) futhi bangahlela umsebenzi wokuqala ukuze bahlanze izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu kuqala. Lokhu kusebenzisana yikhona okuguqula ukulingisa okuhle kube ingxenye ethembekile, esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuzama ukuxhumanisa lokhu kubahlinzeki ababili abahlukene kuwubuhlungu bekhanda lokuhlelwa kwezinto, ukushintsha ukusola, kanye nesikhathi sokuhola esingeziwe.
Isiphetho: Isiko Langempela lisekwaHlulweni
Ngakho, lisho ukuthini ngempela isiko lapha? Akukhona nje ukwenza umumo oyingqayizivele. Kumayelana nesahlulelo esinqwabelene esisetshenziswa esinyathelweni ngasinye senqubo. Ikhetha into efanele yokuncipha yale lobe ku-impeller. Inquma ukwengeza ijazi le-ceramic eyengeziwe ebusweni obubodwa begobolondo ngoba imodeli eshisayo ibonisa indawo eshisayo. Ilungisa ukwakheka kwesango kusuka emsebenzini wokugcina ofanayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivuno ngo-5%.
Inani lomsebenzi osekuyisikhathi eside likhona alikho nje ohlwini lwazo lwamathuluzi; iku-database yabo yengqondo yezinkinga ezixazululiwe. Uma bebuka umdwebo omusha, ababoni nje imigqa; babona ngeso lengqondo iphethini iyafa, ukwakheka kwegobolondo, ukuthela, izinhlangothi zokuqinisa, nokusethwa komshini kokugcina. Lokho kuwumkhuba ku ngokwezifiso utshalomali Casting - inqubo yokukhiqiza eyenziwe ngokugcwele, hhayi nje isevisi yokubumba. Ingxenye efika esikhumulweni semikhumbi yekhasimende iwumphumela wezinqumo ezincane eziyikhulu, ezinolwazi, eziningi zazo ezingalokothi zingene edokhumendeni lekhotheshini.
